Depression can have wide-ranging impacts on those suffering from it and their families. It affects over 121 million people worldwide and is a leading cause of disability. Men often present with different symptoms than women, such as irritability rather than sadness, and are frequently undiagnosed. Having a parent with depression can negatively influence children's development and increase their risk of mental health issues. It also commonly damages relationships and increases conflict between family members. Seeking treatment through medication and counseling can help address depression, as can social support from loved ones.
AnnMarie O'Brien, Social Worker at The Royal, presented on the signs and symptoms of depression, risk factors for depression in women, and what we can do about it.
The mission of The Beautiful Mind Foundation is to dispel the stigma and shame of mental illness so people will feel comfortable getting help without feeling judged and ridiculed. We work to empower people with mood and anxiety disorders; by increasing awareness we provide a stronger opportunity for a full, meaningful life.
Global Medical Cures™ | Women & Depression
Disclaimer:
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
AnnMarie O'Brien, Social Worker at The Royal, presented on the signs and symptoms of depression, risk factors for depression in women, and what we can do about it.
The mission of The Beautiful Mind Foundation is to dispel the stigma and shame of mental illness so people will feel comfortable getting help without feeling judged and ridiculed. We work to empower people with mood and anxiety disorders; by increasing awareness we provide a stronger opportunity for a full, meaningful life.
Global Medical Cures™ | Women & Depression
Disclaimer:
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Depression is a hard topics but as christian we need to recognize that it is rampant in our society and destigmatize it. By understanding depression and it's root causes, women can support each other in difficult time.
Analysis of the 'Real Men, Real Depression' Public Health Campaign as it Rela...Danielle Hoyt
I performed an in depth analysis of the National Institute of Mental Health's 'Real Men, Real Depression" public health campaign, incorporating my own knowledge and research regarding Major Depressive Disorder in men and the public's perception of it, as well as effective health campaign strategies. A brief overview is provided of the background of the disorder, its symptomology, available treatments, and prevalence in American males. The paper then provides a thorough analysis of the significance of this particular public health campaign, the goals of the campaign, and its strengths and limitations. It additionally offers recommendations for future campaigns on this topic
Descriptive Assessment of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in an Outpatient Ob...ErikaAGoyer
NATIONAL PERINATAL ASSOCIATION 2014 CONFERENCE
Descriptive Assessment of Depression and
Anxiety Symptoms in an Outpatient Obstetric Clinic
Sample: Screening for Symptoms in the Context of
Substance Use Histories: The participant will be able
to: Describe psychiatric disorders during
pregnancy/postpartum, comorbidities, frequent
symptoms of depression and anxiety, a plan of care for
women with past and/or current issues with chemical
dependency and formulate recommendations for
improving mental health screening during routine
obstetric visits.
This a project for a high school AP Psychology course. This is a fictionalized account of having a psychological ailment. For questions about this blog project or its content please email the teacher, Laura Astorian: laura.astorian@cobbk12.org
Depression not only affects your brain and behavior—it affects your entire
body. Depression has been linked with other health problems, including
cancer. Dealing with more than one health problem at a time
can be difficult, so proper
treatment is important.
Depression is a hard topics but as christian we need to recognize that it is rampant in our society and destigmatize it. By understanding depression and it's root causes, women can support each other in difficult time.
Analysis of the 'Real Men, Real Depression' Public Health Campaign as it Rela...Danielle Hoyt
I performed an in depth analysis of the National Institute of Mental Health's 'Real Men, Real Depression" public health campaign, incorporating my own knowledge and research regarding Major Depressive Disorder in men and the public's perception of it, as well as effective health campaign strategies. A brief overview is provided of the background of the disorder, its symptomology, available treatments, and prevalence in American males. The paper then provides a thorough analysis of the significance of this particular public health campaign, the goals of the campaign, and its strengths and limitations. It additionally offers recommendations for future campaigns on this topic
Descriptive Assessment of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in an Outpatient Ob...ErikaAGoyer
NATIONAL PERINATAL ASSOCIATION 2014 CONFERENCE
Descriptive Assessment of Depression and
Anxiety Symptoms in an Outpatient Obstetric Clinic
Sample: Screening for Symptoms in the Context of
Substance Use Histories: The participant will be able
to: Describe psychiatric disorders during
pregnancy/postpartum, comorbidities, frequent
symptoms of depression and anxiety, a plan of care for
women with past and/or current issues with chemical
dependency and formulate recommendations for
improving mental health screening during routine
obstetric visits.
This a project for a high school AP Psychology course. This is a fictionalized account of having a psychological ailment. For questions about this blog project or its content please email the teacher, Laura Astorian: laura.astorian@cobbk12.org
Depression not only affects your brain and behavior—it affects your entire
body. Depression has been linked with other health problems, including
cancer. Dealing with more than one health problem at a time
can be difficult, so proper
treatment is important.
Even though depression is so common, there are many misconceptions about its symptoms, causes and treatment. The problem is that misinformation gives rise to stigma and isolation. Individuals with clinical depression often feel alone because others expect them to simply snap out of it or stop being lazy. These kinds of myths can make people not want to seek treatment. Untreated depression also can have devastating consequences like health complications, drug or alcohol abuse and suicide. Here’s a selection of myths n facts you might not know about.
"Depression is like living in a glass coffin but not yet buried, watching the world pass by. On one of my two good days a month, I'm screaming to be let out, but most of the rest of the month, I'm begging to be buried."
How our hormones play a significant role in depression.
How Big Pharma play a significant role in depression.
Estrogen deficiency and it's role with depression.
Making a Killing: The Untold Story of Psychotropic Drugging
Movie, slides, & show:
http://menopausemoxie.com/glass-coffin/
#MTR #Moxie #Depression
Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the world. Stress is a common experience among cancer patients.
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2017) defines cancer-related psychological distress as an:
“ unpleasant emotional experience of a Mental, Physical, Social, or Spiritual nature. It can affect the way you think, feel, or act. Distress may make it harder to cope with having cancer, its symptoms, or its treatment. ”
Men and women feel differently about the trials and tribulations in their life. These feelings manifest themselves into pyschosocial disorders such as drinking and suicides for men while women tend to cope better through social interaction. So how can men find ways to avoid the stigma and seek the help and support they need to work and live productive lives?
Hard-hitting presentation about what is mental health with statistics that will open your eyes that this issue might be closer to home thank you think!
By Alison Roberts
directly affects cancer outcomes, some data do suggest
that patients can develop a sense of helplessness
or hopelessness when stress becomes overwhelming.
This response is associated with higher rates of death,
although the mechanism for this outcome is unclear.
It may be that people who feel helpless or hopeless
do not seek treatment when they become ill, give up
prematurely on or fail to adhere to potentially helpful
therapy, engage in risky behaviors such as drug use, or
do not maintain a healthy lifestyle, resulting in premature
death.
Maori wisdom -- Self-care and the Whare Tapa Wha modelAlan MacKenzie
Dr. Mason Durie (1997) proposed ancient Maori wisdom that still holds much relevance in today's busy world. His insights are most useful when it comes to explaining "holistic" health -- and in keeping with a healthy approach to life.
What are the necessary steps to self-care in the social service industry? How do we see this process? Is there ancient wisdom around our theories? This presentation investigates the topic of self-care from a mystical stance and uses the metaphor of a "tree" to expose the truths around the model.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah
Men and depression
1. Helping Men Understand
depression and it’s affects
on those around them
Men’s Breakfast 23 Sept. 2006 -- AA MacKenzie
DO WN BUT N T O UT
,
O
Men and Depression
3. Depression Affects People
All Over the World
•Accounts for 3.7% of the Global Burden
of Disease
•Affects 121 million people worldwide
•5.8 percent of all men
(9.5 percent of all women)
•By 2020, depression will be the second
leading cause of worldwide disability
•Christians are just as susceptible as nonChristians
Sources: World Health Organization. World Health Report 1999: Making a Difference. Geneva, 1999.
World Health Organization. Mental and neurological disorders. Fact sheet No. 265. December, 2001.
Weissman MM, Bland RC, Canino GJ, Faravelli C, Greenwald S, et al. Cross-national epidemiology of major depression and bipolar disorder. JAMA. 1996;276:293-299.
Glass RM. Awareness about depression: important for all physicians. JAMA. 2003;289:3169-3170.
4. Depression and Suicide
Go Hand in Hand
More than 2400 suicides a year
in Australia alone
(Over 2X the number of homicides)
Figures for attempts not kept, but are
believed to be 10X or 20X that many.
• 90% are associated with mental illness, mostly depression
• 70% of successful suicides occur during a bout of
depression
Sources: Australia Bureau of Statistics (2004) as cited in the Courier Mail, Wednesday, 06 September 2006.
Institute of Medicine. Reducing Suicide: A National Imperative. Washington DC, 2001.
5. Impact of Depression on everyday life
• Depressed men:
•are 2X as likely to die in any given year by suicide, trauma and
homicide
•have higher rates of cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer,
and diabetes
•are more likely to be divorced
•exhibit lower work productivity, earning potential
•are at increased risk of job loss, likelihood of depressed children
• Depressed workers average 5.6 hours lost labor time per week
(versus 1.5 hours for non-depressed)
Depression has a Massive Economic and Social Impact
Sources: Mayo Clinic Web site. Male Depression: Don’t Ignore the Symptoms.
Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Hahn SR, Morganstein D. Cost of lost productive work time among US workers with depression. JAMA. 2003;289:3135-3144.
6. Depression Is Uniquely Gender Specific
Depressed males and females present differently
• Males: more frequently undiagnosed and
untreated
• In 2004: Half million men and 1 million women
suffered from depression
•
– Men: 80% of all suicides
– Women: 20% of all suicides
Drastic action is taken more by men
Sources: National Institute of Mental Health. Real Men. Real Depression. March, 2003.
Mayo Clinic Web site. Male Depression: Don’t Ignore the Symptoms.
The Cleveland Clinic Health Information Center Web site. Depression in Men.
7. Depression Is Uniquely Gender Specific
Temporal Gender Gap Between Thought
and Action
• Women consider suicide 42 months before acting
• Men consider suicide 12 months before acting
Opportunity interval for prevention is markedly shorter in men.
Sources: National Institute of Mental Health. Real Men. Real Depression. March, 2003.
Mayo Clinic Web site. Male Depression: Don’t Ignore the Symptoms.
The Cleveland Clinic Health Information Center Web site. Depression in Men.
9. Clinical Depression – a definition
• Everyone feels down, depressed or
discouragement at some time in
their lives
– However, for some this is a regular,
serious and ongoing illness or condition
– When someone’s mood is low or flat,
and they lose motivation and interest for
at least two weeks we usually say they
are clinically depressed
10. Clinical Symptoms
• the “Big 9”
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
low, flat mood
loss of interest
appetite changes
sleep changes
difficulty making decisions & concentrating
fatigue
feelings of worthlessness or guilt
loss of libido
thoughts of death
11. Males’ Symptom Complex for Depression
is Distinctly Different from Females
Wide Range of Typical Symptoms
• Sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness, restlessness
• Variable physical symptoms like headaches, gastrointestinal
problems and physical pain
• Increased substance/ alcohol abuse
Men May Hide These Symptoms/Show Depression in Other Ways
• Increased susceptibility
• Antisocial behavior
to stress
• Indecisiveness
• Sudden spells of anger
• Feelings of being burnt out / empty
• Lower impulse control
Source: Mayo Clinic Web site. Male Depression: Don’t Ignore the Symptoms. Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?objectid=8022027A-C9BC-4931B93F392D2BC06876. Accessed Aug. 25, 2005.
12. What Do the Experts Say?
Men may be more willing to report:
• Fatigue, irritability
• Loss of interest in work / hobbies
• Sleep disturbances
Men may be reluctant to report:
• Feelings of sadness, worthlessness,
excessive guilt
“Men get irritable, women get depressed.”
Ron Kessler, Ph.D.
Professor of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School
—
Sources: National Institute of Mental Health. Real Men. Real Depression. March, 2003.
Wartik N. Depression Comes Out of Hiding. The New York Times. June 25, 2000.
13. Screening and Diagnosis
• Criteria used to diagnose depression is
Contribute to
a breeding
ground for
depression
too “feminised”
• Doctors fail to detect the illness in 60% to
70% of depressed men without classic
symptoms (although this is getting better)
• Start with recognizing unique symptoms
Depression is often miss-diagnosed
Sources: Mayo Clinic Web site. Male Depression: Don’t Ignore the Symptoms.
Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Hahn SR, Morganstein D. Cost of lost productive work time among US workers with depression. JAMA. 2003;289:3135-3144.
14. Risk factors
- Depression is often caused by a number of factors
working in combination, including:
•Family history of depression, which suggests a genetic
association
•Prior history of depression
•Mental illness, such as bipolar disorder
•Abuse of drugs and alcohol
•Bereavement
Depression’s roots are complex
Source: Wartik N. Depression Comes Out of Hiding. The New York Times. June 25, 2000.
15. Risk factors
• Depression can also be caused by:
• Experiences of loss, such as unemployment or relationship
breakdown
• Stress
• Undealt with childhood trauma
• Some medications, such as corticosteroids and drugs for
hypertension
• Sleeping disorders
• Poor physical health, serious or prolonged illness.
• Spiritual factors.
Depression is insidious
Source: Wartik N. Depression Comes Out of Hiding. The New York Times. June 25, 2000.
16. Depression and the Bible
Even some great biblical characters wrestled with
depression.
– At one point in his life, Moses wanted to die (Exodus 32:32)
– While struggling with his suffering, Job "cursed the day of his birth"
(3:1). He said, "I will speak in the anguish of my spirit, I will
complain in the bitterness of my soul" (7:11). In addition, he cried,
"My spirit is broken, my days are extinguished, the grave is ready
for me" (17:1).
– Elijah was incapacitated with depression soon after he had been an
integral player in one of the great demonstrations of God's power (I
Kings 19)
– After Jonah witnessed the astounding grace of God among the
wicked Ninevites, he angrily said, "Death is better to me than life"
(Jonah 4:3)
17. Depression and the Bible
• The prophet Jeremiah declared, "Why did I ever
come forth from the womb to look on trouble and
sorrow?" (Jeremiah 20:18)
• The amazing prophecy of Isaiah 53:3 states that
the Suffering Servant, the Lord Jesus, was "a man
of sorrows, and acquainted with grief." Sorrows
and grief can refer to both physical and mental
pain, which could include depression.
18. Depression and Christian Men
Some common myths:
• Depression means weakness
•
•
•
•
Christian men don’t get depressed
Depression is a sign of a lack of faith
Depression always has a spiritual cause
Depressed people can just choose to get out
of it
Perpetuating myths of depression only exacerbates the
problem
19. Diagnosing depression may present
difficulty
• women more likely to meet DSM criteria
• characteristic symptoms for men
– Sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness,
restlessness
– Variable physical symptoms like headaches,
gastrointestinal problems and physical pain
– Increased substance/ alcohol abuse
20. Diagnosing depression may
present difficulties
• As men may disguise symptoms
• Increased susceptibility to stress
• Sudden spells of anger
• Lower impulse control
• antisocial behaviour
• Burnout
• indecisiveness
21. Diagnosing depression may
present difficulties
Men may be more willing to report:
– Fatigue, irritability
– Loss of interest in work / hobbies
– Sleep disturbances
Men may be reluctant to report:
•Feelings of sadness, worthlessness, excessive guilt
22. Living with the Blues
Effects of parental depression
on children
23. Effects on children
M. Weissman (1986)
• first demonstrated that family members of
depressed people were at an increased risk of
developing the disease themselves
• follow up study ten years later
–
–
–
–
–
increased social impairment
3 x prevalence of depression & phobias
5 x prevalence of panic disorder
5 x prevalence of alcohol dependence
83% depressed offspring also experience
anxiety or substance dependence
Source: Weissman et al (1997), Arch. Gen. Psych. 54, 932 – 942
24. Effects on children
A study of 853 children of 477 mums who were subject
of child protection cases in Ontario
• 136 depressed, 341 not depressed
– Children of depressed mums at
increased risk of:
ADHD; conduct disorder; being on
medication; accessing mental health
services;
– not more likely to be abused, neglected
or expelled
–
Source: Leschied et al (2003) The Relationship Between Maternal Depression and Child Outcomes in a Child Welfare Sample
25. Effects on children
Parental depression increases the
risk of insecure attachments
between parent and child
– insecure attachment is a predictor of
poorer outcomes for children
Source: Herring & Kaslow (2002), Fam. Proc. 41(3), 494 – 518.
26. Effects on children
Another study demonstrated that
children of depressed parents
had not learnt to effectively regulate their own
emotions
– frequently attempted to regulate their parent’s
behaviour
–
– this led to increased emotional
insecurity & mood disorders
Source: Cummings (1995), Develop. Psyc. 31(3), 425 – 427
27. Effects on children
Yet another study looked at
communication patterns between
depressed parents and their children
– found communication was more
– Ambiguous
– Changeable
– unreliable with regards to meaning
Source: Teti et al (1995), Develop. Psyc. 31, 364 – 376
29. Effects on marriage
Study sampling 522 Australian families
–
when the female partner
depressed:
» one third of male partners also
depressed
» compared to only 20% of those
married to wife not experiencing
depression
» when mum and dad both depressed
there is additive effect for their
children in terms of childhood/ adolescent depression and
externalising behaviors.
Source: Brennan et al (2002), J. Cons. Clin. Psych. 70(5), 1075 – 1085.
30. Effects on marriage
A 1994 study was the first clear
demonstration of a link between
depression and increased parental
conflict
• ALSO increased conflict led to increased
emotional insecurity and mood/ anxiety disorders
in children
Source: Davies and Cummings (1994), Psych. Bulletin 116 (3), 387 – 411.
31. Effects on marriage
Another researcher retrospectively asked large
sample about childhood experiences
•
adult children of depressed parent:
– More likely to have grown up with conflict
» 5x more likely to have major depressive
disorder
» 5x greater likelihood of substance abuse
Source: Pilowsky et al (2006), J. Am. Acad. Chil. Adol. Psych. 45, 452.
33. DEPRESSION - A FAMILY AFFAIR…
• 141 families (50 dad depressed; 41 mum
depressed; 50 neither depressed)
– both father & mother depression serious
predictor of childhood depression
– however, non-depressed parent’s
relationships with children was also
negatively affected!
Source: Jacob and Johnson (1997), J. Fam. Psych. 11(4), 391 – 409.
34. RULE OF RECIPROCITY
During adolescence, parental depression
raises likelihood of children experiencing
depression
– However, when kids reach adolescence it
becomes reciprocal!
– Parents
children
Source: Ge et al (1995), Devel. Psych. 31, 406 – 419.
35. Other factors that affect families
• The effect of depression on family members
– depression also increases likelihood of
•
•
•
•
•
loss of income (even poverty)
social isolation
alcohol abuse
divorce
and so on
Source: Pilowsky et al (2006), J. Am. Acad. Chil. Adol. Psych. 45, 452.
36. Why family members have
increased risks
– heritability
– develop dysfunctional neuroregulatory
mechanisms (endochrine systems)
– exposure to negative cognitions
– insecure attachment, decreased
responsiveness
– living with continual stress & conflict
Source: Goodman & Gotlib (1999). Psych Rev 106, 458 – 490.
37. TO SUMMARIZE…
Depression can truly be considered ‘a family affair’
Parent with
Depression
Poor communication,
insecure attachments,
emotional insecurity
Increased
conflict,
decreased
attachment
Childhood mood
disorders, externalising
behaviours
Spousal
depression
39. Help for Depressed Men
• Treatment options
Unfortunately, men tend to think that asking for help is
a sign of weakness, so family or friends may need to
encourage a depressed man to see his doctor.
• Treatment for depression can include:
•
•
•
•
•
Medications, such as antidepressants
Support from friends and family
Competent counselling
Natural therapies
Self-help such as proper diet, regular exercise, leisure activities,
looking outward, etc.
40. Helping families with a member
suffering depression
• Three (3) broad suggestions
1. Help family members support the person
with depression
2. Support family members themselves
3. Consider working with whole family if
possible
41. Helping family members
1. Helping family members support the
depressed person
• Encourage them to help the person get
treatment
not getting treatment is not a sign of
irresponsibility or not wanting help
– it is part of the disease
– family members need to know they can help the
depressed person get treatment, take
medications, keep appointments (especially in
the beginning)
–
42. Helping family members
1. Helping family members support the
depressed person
• encourage families to:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
be emotionally supportive
be patient! be realistic
separate illness from the person
not to take it personally
not to blame themselves unfairly
take suicide risk/ signs seriously
facilitate but not enable
help with diet, exercise, leisure, interactions
43. Supporting the family members
2. Supporting the family members themselves
• the depressed person often has very little capacity for
supporting others
• as a result can be lonely and isolating for the family of
the depressed person
• Be aware of their own risk of depression
• Don’t reinforce feelings of guilt and shame
• Supporting family through grief process
• Linking with support networks
– church, support groups, pastoral care, etc.
• Bibliotherapy
44. Supporting the family members
2. Supporting the family members themselves
• Bibliotherapy
1) Lisa, Bright and Dark by John Neufeld
– This novel recounts a teenager's struggle with mental illness and
her problems with getting her parents to acknowledge that she
needs help.
2) When Someone You Love Has a Mental Illness by Rebecca
Woolis
– This book offers concrete advice to loved ones about how to deal
with family members who are in crisis, how to work with insurance
companies and how to find help.
3) Helping someone with a mental illness by Carter & Golant
– A very helpful book which give practical strategies and
encouragement to struggling families.
45. Supporting the family members
2. Supporting the family members themselves
• from a Christian point of view be aware that this
experience often raises real issues for the family’s faith
– anger
– doubt
– why?
– difficulty attending church
46. Working with whole family
3. Consider working with whole family if possible
• 313 people with depression followed up after 1, 4, 10
years
• several factors associated with low incidence of relapse
(All relational in nature!!)
– increases family independence
– decreased family conflict
– increase in stable friendships
Source: Moos et al (1998), J. Ab. Psych. 107 (3), 450 – 460
47. Working with whole family
3. Consider working with whole family if possible
• 93 families with at least one depressed member
– half received 2 information lectures
– half 6 – 11 group sessions tailored for them
– both helped
– second approach improved family function
and children’s well-being
Source: Beardslee (2000)
48. Living with the Blues
3. Consider working with whole family if possible
• 60 couples with at least one depressed partner
– CMT (a form of CBT) led to decrease in
person’s depression and marital conflict, and
an increase in relationship satisfaction
Source: Teichman (1997), Families on the threshold of the twenty-first century. Erlbaum.
49. Working with whole family
4. Consider working with whole family if possible
•
350 mums with depression
– when dad was able to show at least low levels
of warmth and maintain moderate levels of
structure it mediated against children
developing depression
– other studies have shown mum’s support is
protective for kids when dad is depressed
Source: Mezulis et al (2004), J. Fam. Psych. 18, 575
50. Helping Families
• Depression is nearly always treatable or
at least manageable
• by supporting both individuals and their
families real change is possible
• church communities can play a very
constructive role
51. What can anyone do?
• Know the symptoms
• Encourage the depressed person to seek help
• Be a friend and listen
• Stay in touch and check how they’re going
• Offer practical helps
• Don’t give cliché answers or make light of it
• Don’t pull away because you feel out of your depth
• Affirm the person’s strengths
• Take any comments about suicide seriously
• Help create aware and supportive churches
• Pray for the person (in their presence)
Editor's Notes
[title and photo appear] Depression is a common and potentially deadly illness that affects people all over the world. [first bullet appears] In fact, major depression accounts for 3.7 percent of the entire Global Burden of Disease.1 [second bullet appears] It is estimated to affect 121 million citizens worldwide [first sub-bullet appears] including 5.8 percent of all men and [second sub-bullet appears] 9.5 percent of all women.2 It’s predicted that [third bullet appears] by 2020, depression will be the second leading cause of worldwide disability.
[title appears] Sadly, depression and suicide go hand in hand. [blue box with top text and US graphic appear] There are more than 30,000 suicides a year in the United States alone, [parentheses text appears] which is nearly twice the number of homicides. [first bullet appears] Ninety percent of suicides are associated with mental illness, mostly depression, and [second bullet appears] 70 percent of all successful suicides occur during a bout of depression.
[title appears] Thus, depression has a massive economic and social impact on the workplace. [first bullet appears] Depressed men are twice as likely to die in any given year than non-depressed men. This is not only due to [first sub-bullet appears] suicide, trauma and homicide, [second sub-bullet appears] but also due to higher rates of cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, HIV/AIDS and diabetes. [second bullet and first sub-bullet appear] Depressed men are more likely to be divorced, [second sub-bullet appears] to have lower work productivity, lower earning potential, [third sub-bullet appears] increased risk of job loss, and a greater likelihood that their children will be depressed.7 The dollar impact of all of this is not inconsequential. [third bullet appears] Workers with depression average 5.6 hours of lost labor time per week, [text in parentheses appears] compared with 1.5 hours for the non-depressed. [blue box and first bullet appear] This comes out to an estimated $44 billion a year in lost labor time from workers with depression [second blue bullet appears] versus $13 billion worth of lost labor time from the non-depressed.
[title and graphic appears] Depression is uniquely gender specific.6 It’s poorly understood why, physiologically, this is the case, but [first bullet appears] the reality is that males and females often present differently with depression, and [second bullet appears] males are more frequently undiagnosed and untreated.8 [third bullet appears] In the United States in 2004, approximately 6 million men and 12 million women suffered from depression. [first sub-bullet appears] Yet men represented 80 percent of all suicides, and [second sub-bullet appears] women, 20 percent.7,8 What’s especially striking is [blue text appears] the temporal gender gap between thought and action in suicides. [first bullet appears] While women, on average, consider suicide for 42 months before acting, [second bullet appears] men spend only 12 months considering it. [blue box and text appear]This means the opportunity interval for prevention of suicides in males is markedly shorter, which, in part, may account for their higher suicide success rates.
[title and graphic appears] Depression is uniquely gender specific.6 It’s poorly understood why, physiologically, this is the case, but [first bullet appears] the reality is that males and females often present differently with depression, and [second bullet appears] males are more frequently undiagnosed and untreated.8 [third bullet appears] In the United States in 2004, approximately 6 million men and 12 million women suffered from depression. [first sub-bullet appears] Yet men represented 80 percent of all suicides, and [second sub-bullet appears] women, 20 percent.7,8 What’s especially striking is [blue text appears] the temporal gender gap between thought and action in suicides. [first bullet appears] While women, on average, consider suicide for 42 months before acting, [second bullet appears] men spend only 12 months considering it. [blue box and text appear]This means the opportunity interval for prevention of suicides in males is markedly shorter, which, in part, may account for their higher suicide success rates.
[title appears] Experts are increasingly aware that males’ symptom complex for depression is distinctly different than in females. [first line of blue text appears] Most are aware of the wide range of symptoms associated with depression, [first bullet appears] including sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness, restlessness, [second bullet appears] and variable physical symptoms like headaches, gastrointestinal problems and pain, [third bullet appears] and increased substance abuse. [second line of blue text appears]But in reality, men hide many of these symptoms. Whether by nature, habit or tradition, “men don’t cry,” or at least they don’t like to admit to crying. Swedish researchers describe a “male depressive syndrome” that includes [first bullet appears] “increased susceptibility to stress, [second bullet appears] sudden spells of anger, [third bullet appears] lower impulse control, [fourth bullet appears] anti-social behavior, [fifth bullet appears] indecisiveness, and [sixth bullet appears] feelings of being burnt out and empty”.
[title and photo appear] U.S. experts concur, saying [first blue text line appears] “men may be more willing to report [first bullet appears] fatigue, irritability, and [second bullet appears] loss of interest in work or hobbies, and [third bullet appears] sleep disturbances than [second blue text line and bullet appear] feelings of sadness, worthlessness, or excessive guilt.”7 [blue box and quote appear] Dr. Ron Kessler, professor of health care policy at Harvard, succinctly describes it this way: “men get irritable, women get depressed.
[title appears] Thus, depression has a massive economic and social impact on the workplace. [first bullet appears] Depressed men are twice as likely to die in any given year than non-depressed men. This is not only due to [first sub-bullet appears] suicide, trauma and homicide, [second sub-bullet appears] but also due to higher rates of cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, HIV/AIDS and diabetes. [second bullet and first sub-bullet appear] Depressed men are more likely to be divorced, [second sub-bullet appears] to have lower work productivity, lower earning potential, [third sub-bullet appears] increased risk of job loss, and a greater likelihood that their children will be depressed.7 The dollar impact of all of this is not inconsequential. [third bullet appears] Workers with depression average 5.6 hours of lost labor time per week, [text in parentheses appears] compared with 1.5 hours for the non-depressed. [blue box and first bullet appear] This comes out to an estimated $44 billion a year in lost labor time from workers with depression [second blue bullet appears] versus $13 billion worth of lost labor time from the non-depressed.
[title appears] Thus, depression has a massive economic and social impact on the workplace. [first bullet appears] Depressed men are twice as likely to die in any given year than non-depressed men. This is not only due to [first sub-bullet appears] suicide, trauma and homicide, [second sub-bullet appears] but also due to higher rates of cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, HIV/AIDS and diabetes. [second bullet and first sub-bullet appear] Depressed men are more likely to be divorced, [second sub-bullet appears] to have lower work productivity, lower earning potential, [third sub-bullet appears] increased risk of job loss, and a greater likelihood that their children will be depressed.7 The dollar impact of all of this is not inconsequential. [third bullet appears] Workers with depression average 5.6 hours of lost labor time per week, [text in parentheses appears] compared with 1.5 hours for the non-depressed. [blue box and first bullet appear] This comes out to an estimated $44 billion a year in lost labor time from workers with depression [second blue bullet appears] versus $13 billion worth of lost labor time from the non-depressed.
[title appears] Thus, depression has a massive economic and social impact on the workplace. [first bullet appears] Depressed men are twice as likely to die in any given year than non-depressed men. This is not only due to [first sub-bullet appears] suicide, trauma and homicide, [second sub-bullet appears] but also due to higher rates of cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, HIV/AIDS and diabetes. [second bullet and first sub-bullet appear] Depressed men are more likely to be divorced, [second sub-bullet appears] to have lower work productivity, lower earning potential, [third sub-bullet appears] increased risk of job loss, and a greater likelihood that their children will be depressed.7 The dollar impact of all of this is not inconsequential. [third bullet appears] Workers with depression average 5.6 hours of lost labor time per week, [text in parentheses appears] compared with 1.5 hours for the non-depressed. [blue box and first bullet appear] This comes out to an estimated $44 billion a year in lost labor time from workers with depression [second blue bullet appears] versus $13 billion worth of lost labor time from the non-depressed.