Running head: SCHIZOPHRENIA MENTAL DISORDER 1
SCHIZOPHRENIA MENTAL DISORDER 2
Schizophrenia Mental Disorder
Student’s Name
Course Name
Instructor’s Name
University Affiliation
Schizophrenia Mental Disorder
Introduction
Schizophrenia is a type of psychological illness. It is a chronic and unembellished mental disorder that mainly distresses an individual’s thinking, norms as well as to their extent of sensation. According to modern day research, reports indicates that persons who have schizophrenia might appear as if they have misplaced touch with realism. However, much it is not collective as in comparison with the other mental disorders, its symptoms seem to be much disabling in nature (Miller, 2012). An example is a reduction of a person’s pleasure in their daily undertakings. It raises the question; what can a man do in the absence of desire and affection in all their doings? From the information as already mentioned above, this paper takes turn providing an enhanced analysis of the mental disorder disease – Schizophrenia.
Signs and Symptoms
In close to all the reported cases, signs and symptoms of schizophrenia often start from ages ranging between 16 and 30. There are however fewer cases that the disease has identification among the children. In this paper, it classifies the symptoms and signs into three categories. They include the positive, negative, as well as to the cognitive symptoms as illustrated below.
Positive signs:
In this category, they have a regard for psychotic norms. It means that it is hard to depict the signs commonly in people who are living a healthy lifestyle. However, the given individuals might tend to part ways with their connectivity with different components of reality. The symptoms might include: -
· Delusions
· Agitated movements of the body in a disorderly manner
· Hallucinations
· Unfamiliar perspective of thinking entailing disorderly thoughts and imaginations
Negative symptoms:
In this set, symptoms have a closer affiliation with disturbances to both the common behaviors as well as to particular emotions (Mueser, 2011). The symptoms comprise of: -
· Condensed level of speaking
· Reduction in the extent of both pleasure and feelings in a person’s everyday life undertakings
· Decline on the voice tone as well as the ordinary portrayal of emotions
· Hardships in commencing and sustaining of various activities
Cognitive symptoms:
In this set of symptoms, it varies from one given an individual to the other. To certain people, the symptoms are observable as being delicate in nature. On the other hand, the symptoms prove to be extra severe (Weiberger et al., 2011). In such situations, the affected persons are capable of recognizing alterations in either the facets of thinking and imagination, as well as to variations in their memory. Examples of symptoms ...
Folks with schizophrenia may hear voices that are not there. Some may be convinced that other folks are reading their thoughts, controlling how they think, or plotting against them. This can distress patients severely and persistently, making them withdrawn and frantic.
Folks with schizophrenia may hear voices that are not there. Some may be convinced that other folks are reading their thoughts, controlling how they think, or plotting against them. This can distress patients severely and persistently, making them withdrawn and frantic.
How much do we really understand about Schizophrenia and to what extent is so...Pırıl Erel
This essay analyses what the mental disorder Schizophrenia (SZ) is, examining in detail medical research such as; symptoms and behaviour of patients, how to identify this mental disorder what type of treatment is available. Furthermore it will explore society’s behaviour towards this disorder and scrutinising the question ‘To what extent are we responsible for the nurture and care of vulnerable individuals?’
Today Schizophrenia awareness week starts. (From 22 May 2022 to 28th May 2022). Theme for this year is "Connecting with Hope". I have tried my best to cover everything about schizophrenia a type of severe mental illness.
A minimum of 100 words each and References Response (#1 – 6) KEEP .docxevonnehoggarth79783
A minimum of 100 words each and References Response (#1 – 6) KEEP RESPONSE WITH ANSWER EACH ANSWER NEED TO HAVE A SCHOLARY SOURCE with a Hyperlink
Make sure the Responses includes the Following: (a) an understanding of the weekly content as supported by a scholarly resource, (b) the provision of a probing question. (c) stay on topic
1. I like how you mentioned how people can have an attitude towards these people because they have the inability to do things like others. This is true because people with this disorder might not be able to do normal things we do everyday. When someone cant do these normal things, society looks at them in a weird way. Society doesn't know how to accept these kind of people in their life yet because they do not understand what it is. I like your idea about including them in everyday activities so they do not feel left out. What can you do to help others understand a little more about this disease and to show them these people are not dangerous?
2. Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder in which personal, social, and occupational functioning deteriorate as a result of unusual perceptions, odd thoughts, disturbed emotions, and motor abnormalities. Years ago it e the label was at times assigned to anyone who acted unpredictably or strangely (Comer, 2020). The symptoms can be grouped into three categories: positive symptoms Below (excesses of thought, emotion, and behavior), negative symptoms (deficits of thought, emotion, and behavior), and psychomotor symptoms (unusual movements or gestures). Hallucinations are another huge thing that a person with schizophrenia deals with which are the experiencing of sights, sounds, smells, and other perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli. These can happen for a number of reasons like constant migraines to deprivation. This can normally begin noticeable between the person’s late teens and mid- thirties. Along with the impulse control and speech issues, this disorder can make one feel lost. Behind years of research on studying this disorder, this is mainly a biological disorder, and many people will see this disorder and label the people as "Crazy" when it can be implemented by a dysfunctional brain circuit. This disorder should be taken more seriously by people, especially when someone suffering from it can put themselves or others in danger. The most important thing is paying attention to someones triggers.
3. Many people hold negative attitudes toward people with schizophrenia. They are seen as people who fail to conform to normal behaviors. People with schizophrenia display a decrease in speech and speech content, display less anger, sadness, joy, no facial expression, and may take extreme forms. With 85-85 percent of people with schizophrenia, they are not dangerous, these people are simply just misunderstood. However, bias exists because most people do not understand schizophrenia. They have watched the movies with people being told to kill someone by the.
The cornerstone of someone’s mental health is how they think, feel, and behave. Mental health specialists can help people with disorders like addiction, bipolar disorder, depression, and anxiety.
The cornerstone of someone's mental health is how they think, feel, and behave. Mental health specialists can help people with disorders like addiction, bipolar disorder, depression, and anxiety.
Mental health can have an effect on daily life, interpersonal connections, and physical health.
This connection, nevertheless, also functions the opposite way around. Personal circumstances, social ties, and physical ailments can all have an impact on mental illness. Maintaining
Impulse-control disorders (ICDs) are psychological disorders characterized by the repeated inability to refrain from performing a particular action that is harmful either to oneself or others.
The individual fails to resist performing a potentially harmful act and it is usually accompanied by a sense of tension or arousal before committing the act and a sense of relief or pleasure when it is committed.
The hallmark in describing any of the ICDs is a tendency to gratify an immediate desire or impulse regardless of the consequences to one's self or to others.
Elementary CurriculaBoth articles highlight the fact that middle.docxtoltonkendal
Elementary Curricula
Both articles highlight the fact that middle-class students seem to benefit more from summer reading programs than their lower-SES peers. While we would hope that summer reading programs would have the same positive impact on all students, this information did not totally surprise me. Differences in funding, materials, and ability to recruit enough high-quality teachers for summer programs could be more difficult in lower-socioeconomic areas. In addition, the articles did not dive into other factors in the students’ lives that may be contributing to their performance such as attendance, how well-rested they are, trauma they have experiences that impacts their ability to focus during instruction, and the impact of being taught by a teacher who the students may not know or have a relationship with. Additionally, there could be a mismatch between the instructional practices and the specific needs of the students. Even though summer reading programs are only for a short time, I would challenge teachers to put energy into getting to know the students and building trust with them. This is a key foundation that is needed for learning to take place.
In challenging teachers during summer program and the regular school year to ”break out of the mold” to create better outcomes for students classified with low SES, in addition to building relationships with students, I would encourage them to build connections with their families. This may involve thinking outside the box and leaving their comfort zone. It could entail holding a parent-teacher conference off campus, closer to their home or in their community. It could also include providing resources and instructional videos to parents so they can help support their children at home. There are many parents who want to support their children academically, but they do not know how and may be uncomfortable asking the teacher for assistance. In addition, I would urge teachers to capitalize on the strengths and interests of their students to engage them in learning activities and provide them with opportunities to shine. We do not have to, and should not, be satisfied with the idea that low SES students will automatically not be able to perform. These students are capable of learning and growth just as much as any other student. I think data from test scores that demonstrate a gap between the performance of students classified as economically disadvantaged and not economically disadvantaged has led some people to hold the belief that students classified as low SES will not perform well. I think the way that school “report card” grades are published also perpetuates this belief, as it shows the test scores, but does not provide an explanation of or include any solutions for the many larger societal factors that contribute to those scores including high teacher turn over, lack of resources, child trauma, lack of sleep, lack of nutrition, crime & safety, and education level of parents.
It w.
Elementary Statistics (MATH220)
Assignment:
Statistical Project & Presentation
Purpose:
The purpose of this project is to supplement lecture material by having the students to do a case study on collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data.
***The best way to understand something is to experience it for yourself.
Guideline for Analyzing Data and Writing a Report
Below is a general outline of the topics that should be included in your report.
1.
Introduction.
State the topic of your study.
2.
Define Population.
Define the population that you intend for your study to represent.
3.
Define Variable.
Define clearly the variable that you obtained during your data collection; this should include information on how the variable is measured and what possible values this variable has.
4.
Data Collection.
Describe your data collection process, including your data source, your sampling strategy, and what steps you took to avoid bias.
5.
Study Design.
Describe the procedures you followed to analyze your data.
6.
Results: Descriptive Statistics.
Give the relevant descriptive statistics for the sample you collected.
7.
Results: Statistical Analysis.
Describe the results of your statistical analysis.
8.
Findings.
Interpret the results of your analysis in the context of your original research question. Was your hypothesis supported by your statistical analyses? Explain.
9.
Discussion.
What conclusions, if any, do you believe you can draw as a result of your study? If the results were not what you expected, what factors might explain your results? What did you learn from the project about the population you studied? What did you learn about the research variable? What did you learn about the specific statistical test you conducted?
.
Elements of Religious Traditions PaperWritea 700- to 1,050-word .docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Religious Traditions Paper
Write
a 700- to 1,050-word paper that does the following:
Describes these basic components of religious traditions and their relationship to the sacred
:
What a religious tradition says—its teachings, texts, doctrine, stories, myths, and others
What a religious tradition does—worship, prayer, pilgrimage, ritual, and so forth
How a religious tradition organizes—leadership, relationships among members, and so forth
Identifies key critical issues in the study of religion.
Includes specific examples from the various religious traditions described in the Week One readings that honor the sacred—such as rituals of the Igbo to mark life events, the vision quest as a common ritual in many Native American societies, or the influence of the shaman as a leader. You may also include examples from your own religious tradition or another religious tradition with which you are familiar.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines
.
Elements of MusicPitch- relative highness or lowness that we .docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Music
Pitch- relative highness or lowness that we hear in a sound.
Tone- sound that has a definite pitch.
(For example striking a bat against a ball does not produce a D# but striking a D#
on a piano does)
Dynamics- the degree of loudness or softness in music
pp pianissimo /very soft
p piano /soft
mp mezzo-piano /medium-soft
mf mezzo-forte /medium-loud
f forte /loud
ff fortissimo /very loud
When dynamics are altered in a piece of music, they are termed as follows:
decrescendo/ diminuendo gradually softer
crescendo gradually louder
Timbre/Tone Color- the character or quality of a sound.
dark, bright, mellow, cool, metallic, rich, brilliant, thin, etc.
Rhythm- a) the flow (or pattern) of music through time. b) the particular arrangement of
note lengths in a piece of music.
Syncopation- An accent placed on a beat where it is not normally expected.
Beat- the steady pulse in a piece of music.
Downbeat- the first or stressed beat of a measure.
Meter- the pattern in which beats are organized within a piece of music.
Examples:
3/4= three beats per measure
4/4= four beats per measure
6/8= six beats per measure
*In some musics, meter is not present- this is termed non-metric.
(Ex: Chant, some 20th century genres, world musics).
Melody- a series of single notes that add up to a recognizable whole.
*A melodic line has a shape -it ascends and descends in a series of continuous pitches.
Sequence- a repetition of a pattern at a higher or lower pitch.
Phrase- A short unit of music within a melodic line.
Cadence- The rest at the end of a musical phrase. Think of this as a musical period at the
end of a sentence.
Harmony- A) How chords are constructed and how they follow each other. B) The
relationship of tones when sounded in a group.
Chord- a combination of three or more tones sounded at once.
Consonance- a stable tone combination in a chord
Dissonance- and unstable tone combination in a chord; usually, an expected
and stable resolution will follow.
Tonic- a) the main key of a piece of music. b) the first note of a scale
Key- the central tone or scale in a piece of music.
(example: A major, b minor)
Modulation- a shift from one key to another within the same piece of music.
Texture- layering of musical sounds or instruments within a piece of music.
Monophonic- single, unaccompanied melodic line.
Homophonic- a melody with an accompaniment of chords.
Polyphonic- th.
More Related Content
Similar to Running head SCHIZOPHRENIA MENTAL DISORDER .docx
How much do we really understand about Schizophrenia and to what extent is so...Pırıl Erel
This essay analyses what the mental disorder Schizophrenia (SZ) is, examining in detail medical research such as; symptoms and behaviour of patients, how to identify this mental disorder what type of treatment is available. Furthermore it will explore society’s behaviour towards this disorder and scrutinising the question ‘To what extent are we responsible for the nurture and care of vulnerable individuals?’
Today Schizophrenia awareness week starts. (From 22 May 2022 to 28th May 2022). Theme for this year is "Connecting with Hope". I have tried my best to cover everything about schizophrenia a type of severe mental illness.
A minimum of 100 words each and References Response (#1 – 6) KEEP .docxevonnehoggarth79783
A minimum of 100 words each and References Response (#1 – 6) KEEP RESPONSE WITH ANSWER EACH ANSWER NEED TO HAVE A SCHOLARY SOURCE with a Hyperlink
Make sure the Responses includes the Following: (a) an understanding of the weekly content as supported by a scholarly resource, (b) the provision of a probing question. (c) stay on topic
1. I like how you mentioned how people can have an attitude towards these people because they have the inability to do things like others. This is true because people with this disorder might not be able to do normal things we do everyday. When someone cant do these normal things, society looks at them in a weird way. Society doesn't know how to accept these kind of people in their life yet because they do not understand what it is. I like your idea about including them in everyday activities so they do not feel left out. What can you do to help others understand a little more about this disease and to show them these people are not dangerous?
2. Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder in which personal, social, and occupational functioning deteriorate as a result of unusual perceptions, odd thoughts, disturbed emotions, and motor abnormalities. Years ago it e the label was at times assigned to anyone who acted unpredictably or strangely (Comer, 2020). The symptoms can be grouped into three categories: positive symptoms Below (excesses of thought, emotion, and behavior), negative symptoms (deficits of thought, emotion, and behavior), and psychomotor symptoms (unusual movements or gestures). Hallucinations are another huge thing that a person with schizophrenia deals with which are the experiencing of sights, sounds, smells, and other perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli. These can happen for a number of reasons like constant migraines to deprivation. This can normally begin noticeable between the person’s late teens and mid- thirties. Along with the impulse control and speech issues, this disorder can make one feel lost. Behind years of research on studying this disorder, this is mainly a biological disorder, and many people will see this disorder and label the people as "Crazy" when it can be implemented by a dysfunctional brain circuit. This disorder should be taken more seriously by people, especially when someone suffering from it can put themselves or others in danger. The most important thing is paying attention to someones triggers.
3. Many people hold negative attitudes toward people with schizophrenia. They are seen as people who fail to conform to normal behaviors. People with schizophrenia display a decrease in speech and speech content, display less anger, sadness, joy, no facial expression, and may take extreme forms. With 85-85 percent of people with schizophrenia, they are not dangerous, these people are simply just misunderstood. However, bias exists because most people do not understand schizophrenia. They have watched the movies with people being told to kill someone by the.
The cornerstone of someone’s mental health is how they think, feel, and behave. Mental health specialists can help people with disorders like addiction, bipolar disorder, depression, and anxiety.
The cornerstone of someone's mental health is how they think, feel, and behave. Mental health specialists can help people with disorders like addiction, bipolar disorder, depression, and anxiety.
Mental health can have an effect on daily life, interpersonal connections, and physical health.
This connection, nevertheless, also functions the opposite way around. Personal circumstances, social ties, and physical ailments can all have an impact on mental illness. Maintaining
Impulse-control disorders (ICDs) are psychological disorders characterized by the repeated inability to refrain from performing a particular action that is harmful either to oneself or others.
The individual fails to resist performing a potentially harmful act and it is usually accompanied by a sense of tension or arousal before committing the act and a sense of relief or pleasure when it is committed.
The hallmark in describing any of the ICDs is a tendency to gratify an immediate desire or impulse regardless of the consequences to one's self or to others.
Similar to Running head SCHIZOPHRENIA MENTAL DISORDER .docx (18)
Elementary CurriculaBoth articles highlight the fact that middle.docxtoltonkendal
Elementary Curricula
Both articles highlight the fact that middle-class students seem to benefit more from summer reading programs than their lower-SES peers. While we would hope that summer reading programs would have the same positive impact on all students, this information did not totally surprise me. Differences in funding, materials, and ability to recruit enough high-quality teachers for summer programs could be more difficult in lower-socioeconomic areas. In addition, the articles did not dive into other factors in the students’ lives that may be contributing to their performance such as attendance, how well-rested they are, trauma they have experiences that impacts their ability to focus during instruction, and the impact of being taught by a teacher who the students may not know or have a relationship with. Additionally, there could be a mismatch between the instructional practices and the specific needs of the students. Even though summer reading programs are only for a short time, I would challenge teachers to put energy into getting to know the students and building trust with them. This is a key foundation that is needed for learning to take place.
In challenging teachers during summer program and the regular school year to ”break out of the mold” to create better outcomes for students classified with low SES, in addition to building relationships with students, I would encourage them to build connections with their families. This may involve thinking outside the box and leaving their comfort zone. It could entail holding a parent-teacher conference off campus, closer to their home or in their community. It could also include providing resources and instructional videos to parents so they can help support their children at home. There are many parents who want to support their children academically, but they do not know how and may be uncomfortable asking the teacher for assistance. In addition, I would urge teachers to capitalize on the strengths and interests of their students to engage them in learning activities and provide them with opportunities to shine. We do not have to, and should not, be satisfied with the idea that low SES students will automatically not be able to perform. These students are capable of learning and growth just as much as any other student. I think data from test scores that demonstrate a gap between the performance of students classified as economically disadvantaged and not economically disadvantaged has led some people to hold the belief that students classified as low SES will not perform well. I think the way that school “report card” grades are published also perpetuates this belief, as it shows the test scores, but does not provide an explanation of or include any solutions for the many larger societal factors that contribute to those scores including high teacher turn over, lack of resources, child trauma, lack of sleep, lack of nutrition, crime & safety, and education level of parents.
It w.
Elementary Statistics (MATH220)
Assignment:
Statistical Project & Presentation
Purpose:
The purpose of this project is to supplement lecture material by having the students to do a case study on collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data.
***The best way to understand something is to experience it for yourself.
Guideline for Analyzing Data and Writing a Report
Below is a general outline of the topics that should be included in your report.
1.
Introduction.
State the topic of your study.
2.
Define Population.
Define the population that you intend for your study to represent.
3.
Define Variable.
Define clearly the variable that you obtained during your data collection; this should include information on how the variable is measured and what possible values this variable has.
4.
Data Collection.
Describe your data collection process, including your data source, your sampling strategy, and what steps you took to avoid bias.
5.
Study Design.
Describe the procedures you followed to analyze your data.
6.
Results: Descriptive Statistics.
Give the relevant descriptive statistics for the sample you collected.
7.
Results: Statistical Analysis.
Describe the results of your statistical analysis.
8.
Findings.
Interpret the results of your analysis in the context of your original research question. Was your hypothesis supported by your statistical analyses? Explain.
9.
Discussion.
What conclusions, if any, do you believe you can draw as a result of your study? If the results were not what you expected, what factors might explain your results? What did you learn from the project about the population you studied? What did you learn about the research variable? What did you learn about the specific statistical test you conducted?
.
Elements of Religious Traditions PaperWritea 700- to 1,050-word .docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Religious Traditions Paper
Write
a 700- to 1,050-word paper that does the following:
Describes these basic components of religious traditions and their relationship to the sacred
:
What a religious tradition says—its teachings, texts, doctrine, stories, myths, and others
What a religious tradition does—worship, prayer, pilgrimage, ritual, and so forth
How a religious tradition organizes—leadership, relationships among members, and so forth
Identifies key critical issues in the study of religion.
Includes specific examples from the various religious traditions described in the Week One readings that honor the sacred—such as rituals of the Igbo to mark life events, the vision quest as a common ritual in many Native American societies, or the influence of the shaman as a leader. You may also include examples from your own religious tradition or another religious tradition with which you are familiar.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines
.
Elements of MusicPitch- relative highness or lowness that we .docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Music
Pitch- relative highness or lowness that we hear in a sound.
Tone- sound that has a definite pitch.
(For example striking a bat against a ball does not produce a D# but striking a D#
on a piano does)
Dynamics- the degree of loudness or softness in music
pp pianissimo /very soft
p piano /soft
mp mezzo-piano /medium-soft
mf mezzo-forte /medium-loud
f forte /loud
ff fortissimo /very loud
When dynamics are altered in a piece of music, they are termed as follows:
decrescendo/ diminuendo gradually softer
crescendo gradually louder
Timbre/Tone Color- the character or quality of a sound.
dark, bright, mellow, cool, metallic, rich, brilliant, thin, etc.
Rhythm- a) the flow (or pattern) of music through time. b) the particular arrangement of
note lengths in a piece of music.
Syncopation- An accent placed on a beat where it is not normally expected.
Beat- the steady pulse in a piece of music.
Downbeat- the first or stressed beat of a measure.
Meter- the pattern in which beats are organized within a piece of music.
Examples:
3/4= three beats per measure
4/4= four beats per measure
6/8= six beats per measure
*In some musics, meter is not present- this is termed non-metric.
(Ex: Chant, some 20th century genres, world musics).
Melody- a series of single notes that add up to a recognizable whole.
*A melodic line has a shape -it ascends and descends in a series of continuous pitches.
Sequence- a repetition of a pattern at a higher or lower pitch.
Phrase- A short unit of music within a melodic line.
Cadence- The rest at the end of a musical phrase. Think of this as a musical period at the
end of a sentence.
Harmony- A) How chords are constructed and how they follow each other. B) The
relationship of tones when sounded in a group.
Chord- a combination of three or more tones sounded at once.
Consonance- a stable tone combination in a chord
Dissonance- and unstable tone combination in a chord; usually, an expected
and stable resolution will follow.
Tonic- a) the main key of a piece of music. b) the first note of a scale
Key- the central tone or scale in a piece of music.
(example: A major, b minor)
Modulation- a shift from one key to another within the same piece of music.
Texture- layering of musical sounds or instruments within a piece of music.
Monophonic- single, unaccompanied melodic line.
Homophonic- a melody with an accompaniment of chords.
Polyphonic- th.
Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children AssociatedWith the Fl.docxtoltonkendal
Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children Associated
With the Flint Drinking Water Crisis: A Spatial
Analysis of Risk and Public Health Response
Mona Hanna-Attisha, MD, MPH, Jenny LaChance, MS, Richard Casey Sadler, PhD, and Allison Champney Schnepp, MD
Objectives. We analyzed differences in pediatric elevated blood lead level incidence
before and after Flint, Michigan, introduced a more corrosive water source into an aging
water system without adequate corrosion control.
Methods. We reviewed blood lead levels for children younger than 5 years before
(2013) and after (2015) water source change in Greater Flint, Michigan. We assessed the
percentage of elevated blood lead levels in both time periods, and identified geo-
graphical locations through spatial analysis.
Results. Incidence of elevated blood lead levels increased from 2.4% to 4.9% (P < .05)
after water source change, and neighborhoods with the highest water lead levels ex-
perienced a 6.6% increase. No significant change was seen outside the city. Geospatial
analysis identified disadvantaged neighborhoods as having the greatest elevated blood
lead level increases and informed response prioritization during the now-declared public
health emergency.
Conclusions. The percentage of children with elevated blood lead levels increased
after water source change, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbor-
hoods. Water is a growing source of childhood lead exposure because of aging infra-
structure. (Am J Public Health. 2016;106:283–290. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.303003)
See also Rosner, p. 200.
In April 2014, the postindustrial city ofFlint, Michigan, under state-appointed
emergency management, changed its water
supply from Detroit-supplied Lake Huron
water to the Flint River as a temporary
measure, awaiting a new pipeline to Lake
Huron in 2016. Intended to save money, the
change in source water severed a half-
century relationship with the Detroit Water
and Sewage Department. Shortly after the
switch to Flint River water, residents voiced
concerns regarding water color, taste, and
odor, and various health complaints in-
cluding skin rashes.1 Bacteria, including
Escherichia coli, were detected in the distri-
bution system, resulting in Safe Drinking
Water Act violations.2 Additional disinfec-
tion to control bacteria spurred formation of
disinfection byproducts including total tri-
halomethanes, resulting in Safe Drinking
Water Act violations for trihalomethane
levels.2
Water from the Detroit Water and
Sewage Department had very low corrosivity
for lead as indicated by low chloride, low
chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio, and presence
of an orthophosphate corrosion inhibitor.3,4
By contrast, Flint River water had high
chloride, high chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio,
and no corrosion inhibitor.5 Switching
from Detroit’s Lake Huron to Flint River
water created a perfect storm for lead leach-
ing into drinking water.6 The aging Flint
water distribution system contains a hig.
Elements of the Communication ProcessIn Chapter One, we learne.docxtoltonkendal
Elements of the Communication Process
In Chapter One, we learned communication is the process of creating or sharing meaning in informal conversation, group interaction, or public speaking. To understand how the process works, we described the essential elements in the process.
For the following interaction, identify the contexts, participants, channels. message, interference (noise), and feedback.
"Maria and Damien are meandering through the park, talking and drinking bottled water. Damien finishes his bottle, replaces the lid, and tosses the bottle into the bushes at the side of the path. Maria, who has been listening to Damien talk, comes to a stop, puts her hand on her hips, stares at Damien, and says angrily, " I can't believe what you just did! Damien blushes, averts his gaze, and mumbles, "Sorry, I'll get it- I just wasn't thinking." As the tension drains from Maria's face. she gives her head a playful toss, smiles, and says, Well, just see that it doesn't happen again.
1. Contexts
a. Physical
b. Social
c. Historical
d. Psychological
2. Participants
3. Channels
4. Message
5. Interference (Noise)
6. Feedback
.
Elements of Music #1 Handout1. Rhythm the flow of music in te.docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Music #1 Handout
1. Rhythm
the flow of music in terms of time
2. Beat
the pulse that recurs regularly in music
3. Meter
the regular pattern of stressed and unstressed beats
4. Tempo
the speed of the beats in a piece of music
5. Polyrhythm
two or more rhythm patterns occurring simultaneously
6. Pitch
the perceived highness or lowness of a musical sound
7. Melody
a series of consecutive pitches that form a cohesive musical entity
8. Counterpoint
two or more independent lines with melodic character occurring at the same time
9. Harmony
the simultaneous sounds of several pitches, usually in accompanying a melody
10. Dynamics
the amount of loudness in music
11. Timbre
tone quality or tone color in music
12. Form
the pattern or plan of a musical work
Framework for Improving
Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity
Version 1.1
National Institute of Standards and Technology
April 16, 2018
April 16, 2018 Cybersecurity Framework Version 1.1
This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.CSWP.04162018 ii
No t e t o Rea d er s o n t h e U p d a t e
Version 1.1 of this Cybersecurity Framework refines, clarifies, and enhances Version 1.0, which
was issued in February 2014. It incorporates comments received on the two drafts of Version 1.1.
Version 1.1 is intended to be implemented by first-time and current Framework users. Current
users should be able to implement Version 1.1 with minimal or no disruption; compatibility with
Version 1.0 has been an explicit objective.
The following table summarizes the changes made between Version 1.0 and Version 1.1.
Table NTR-1 - Summary of changes between Framework Version 1.0 and Version 1.1.
Update Description of Update
Clarified that terms like
“compliance” can be
confusing and mean
something very different
to various Framework
stakeholders
Added clarity that the Framework has utility as a structure and
language for organizing and expressing compliance with an
organization’s own cybersecurity requirements. However, the
variety of ways in which the Framework can be used by an
organization means that phrases like “compliance with the
Framework” can be confusing.
A new section on self-
assessment
Added Section 4.0 Self-Assessing Cybersecurity Risk with the
Framework to explain how the Framework can be used by
organizations to understand and assess their cybersecurity risk,
including the use of measurements.
Greatly expanded
explanation of using
Framework for Cyber
Supply Chain Risk
Management purposes
An expanded Section 3.3 Communicating Cybersecurity
Requirements with Stakeholders helps users better understand
Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM), while a new
Section 3.4 Buying Decisions highlights use of the Framework
in understanding risk associated with commercial off-the-shelf
products and services. Additional Cyber SCRM criteria we.
Elements of Music Report InstrumentsFor the assignment on the el.docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Music Report Instruments
For the assignment on the elements of music, students will write a report with a minimum of 300 words.
Students must select one element of music that they consider to be the most important element:
Melody
Rhythm
Harmony
Form
When writing the report, be sure you address the following questions:
Why did you select this element from among all the rest?
Do you think that all kinds of music could exist without your selected element? Elaborate on your view.
Describe a piece of music that highlights the use of your selected element.
I encourage students do research on their element of music in order to get ideas for their reports. All reports must be original works!
Do not quote any source or anybody’s thoughts. Quotes are not permitted in this Instruments Report. I am interested in your own personal thoughts, opinions, and the material you have learned from your research.
.
Elements of GenreAfter watching three of the five .docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Genre
After watching three of the five movie clips listed in the
Multimedia
section, above, describe how they fit into a specific genre (or subgenre) as explained in the text. What elements of the film are characteristic of that genre? How does it fulfill the expectations of that genre? How does it play against these expectations?
Your initial post should be at least 150 words in length. Support your claims with examples from required material(s) and/or other scholarly resources, and properly cite any references.
.
Elements of DesignDuring the process of envisioning and designing .docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Design
During the process of envisioning and designing a film, the director, production designer, and art director (in collaboration with the cinematographer) are concerned with several major spatial and temporal elements. These design elements punctuate and underscore the movement of figures within the frame, including the following: setting, lighting, costuming, makeup, and hairstyles. Choose a scene from movieclips.com. In a three to five page paper, (excluding the cover and reference pages) analyze the mise-en-scène.
Respond to the following prompts with at least one paragraph per bulleted topic:
Identify the names of the artists involved in the film’s production: the director, the production designer, and the art director. Describe in separate paragraphs each artist’s role in the overall design process. Conduct additional research if necessary, citing your book, film, and other external sources correctly in APA format.
Explain how the artists utilize lighting in the scene. How does the lighting affect our emotional understanding of certain characters? What sort of mood does the lighting evoke? How does lighting impact the overall story the filmmaker is attempting to tell?
Describe the setting, including the time period, location, and culture in which the film takes place.
Explain what costuming can tell us about a character. In what ways can costuming be used to reflect elements of the film's plot?
Explain how hairstyle and makeup can help tell the story. What might hairstyle and makeup reveal about the characters?
Discuss your opinion regarding the mise-en-scène. Do the elements appear to work together in a harmonious way? Does the scene seem discordant? Do you think the design elements are congruent with the filmmaker’s vision for the scene?
.
Elements of Critical Thinking [WLOs 2, 3, 4] [CLOs 2, 3, 4]P.docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Critical Thinking [WLOs: 2, 3, 4] [CLOs: 2, 3, 4]
Prepare:
Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum, in preparation for discussing the importance of critical thinking skills,
Read the articles
Common Misconceptions of Critical Thinking
Combating Fake News in the Digital Age
6 Critical Thinking Skills You Need to Master Now (Links to an external site.)
Teaching and Learning in a Post-Truth world: It’s Time for Schools to Upgrade and Reinvest in Media Literacy Lessons
Critical Thinking and the Challenges of Internet (Links to an external site.)
Watch the videos
Fake News: Part 1 (Links to an external site.)
Critical Thinking
(Links to an external site.)
Review the resources
Critical Thinking Skills (Links to an external site.)
Valuable Intellectual Traits (Links to an external site.)
Critical Thinking Web (Links to an external site.)
Reflect:
Reflect on the characteristics of a critical thinker. Critical thinking gets you involved in a dialogue with the ideas you read from others in this class. To be a critical thinker, you need to be able to summarize, analyze, hypothesize, and evaluate new information that you encounter.
Write:
For this discussion, you will address the following prompts. Keep in mind that the article or video you’ve chosen should not be about critical thinking, but should be about someone making a statement, claim, or argument related to your Final Paper topic. One source should demonstrate good critical thinking skills and the other source should demonstrate the lack or absence of critical thinking skills. Personal examples should not be used.
Explain at least five elements of critical thinking that you found in the reading material.
Search the Internet, media, or the Ashford University Library, and find an example in which good critical thinking skills are being demonstrated by the author or speaker. Summarize the content and explain why you think it demonstrates good critical thinking skills.
Search the Internet, media, or the Ashford University Library, and find an example in which the author or speaker lacks good critical thinking skills. Summarize the content and explain why you think it demonstrates the absence of good, critical thinking skills.
Your initial post should be at least 250 words in length, which should include a thorough response to each prompt. You are required to provide in-text citations of applicable required reading materials and/or any other outside sources you use to support your claims. Provide full reference entries of all sources cited at the end of your response. Please use correct APA format when writing in-text citations (see
In-Text Citation Helper (Links to an external site.)
) and references (see
Formatting Your References List (Links to an external site.)
).
Reflecting on General Education and Career [WLOs: 2, 3, 4] [CLOs: 2, 3, 4]
Prepare:
Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum, read the articles
Teaching Writing S.
Elements of DesignDuring the process of envisioning and design.docxtoltonkendal
Elements of Design
During the process of envisioning and designing a film, the director, production designer, and art director (in collaboration with the cinematographer) are concerned with several major spatial and temporal elements. These design elements punctuate and underscore the movement of figures within the frame, including the following: setting, lighting, costuming, makeup, and hairstyles. Choose a scene from movieclips.com. In a three to five page paper, (excluding the cover and reference pages) analyze the mise-en-scène.
Respond to the following prompts with at least one paragraph per bulleted topic:
Identify the names of the artists involved in the film’s production: the director, the production designer, and the art director. Describe in separate paragraphs each artist’s role in the overall design process. Conduct additional research if necessary, citing your book, film, and other external sources correctly in APA format.
Explain how the artists utilize lighting in the scene. How does the lighting affect our emotional understanding of certain characters? What sort of mood does the lighting evoke? How does lighting impact the overall story the filmmaker is attempting to tell?
Describe the setting, including the time period, location, and culture in which the film takes place.
Explain what costuming can tell us about a character. In what ways can costuming be used to reflect elements of the film's plot?
Explain how hairstyle and makeup can help tell the story. What might hairstyle and makeup reveal about the characters?
Discuss your opinion regarding the mise-en-scène. Do the elements appear to work together in a harmonious way? Does the scene seem discordant? Do you think the design elements are congruent with the filmmaker’s vision for the scene?
.
Elements of a contact due 16 OctRead the Case Campbell Soup Co. v..docxtoltonkendal
Elements of a contact due 16 Oct
Read the Case Campbell Soup Co. v. Wentz in the text. Answer the following questions:
1. What were the terms of the contract between Campbell and the Wentzes?
2. Did the Wentzes perform under the contract?
3. Did the court find specific performance to be an adequate legal remedy in this case?
4. Why did the court refuse to help Campbell in enforcing its legal contract?
5. How could Campbell change its contract in the future so as to avoid the unconsionability problem?
Facts:
Per
a
written
contract
between
Campbell
Soup
Company
(a
New
Jersey
company)
and
the
Wentzes
(carrot
farmers
in
Pennsylvania),
the
Wentzes
would
deliver
to
Campbell
all
the
Chantenay
red
cored
carrots
to
be
grown
on
the
Wentz
farm
during
the
1947
season.
The
contract
price
for
the
carrots
was
$30
per
ton.
The
contract
between
Campbell
Soup
and
all
sellers
of
carrots
was
drafted
by
Campbell
and
it
had
a
provision
that
prohibited
farmers/sellers
from
selling
their
carrots
to
anyone
else,
except
those
carrots
that
were
rejected
by
Campbell.
The
contract
also
had
a
liquidated
damages
provision
of
$50
per
ton
if
the
seller
breached,
but
it
had
no
similar
provision
in
the
event
Campbell
breached.
The
contract
not
only
allowed
Campbell
to
reject
nonconforming
carrots,
but
gave
Campbell
the
right
to
determine
who
could
buy
the
carrots
it
had
rejected.
The
Wentzes
harvested
100
tons
of
carrots,
but
because
the
market
price
at
the
time
of
harvesting
was
$90
per
ton
for
these
rare
carrots,
the
Wentzes
refused
to
deliver
them
to
Campbell
and
sold
62
tons
of
their
carrots
to
a
farmer
who
sold
some
of
those
carrots
to
Campbell.
Campbell
sued
the
Wentzes,
asking
for
the
court's
order
to
stop
further
sale
of
the
contracted
carrots
to
others
and
to
compel
specific
performance
of
the
contract.
The
trial
court
ruled
for
the
Wentzes
and
Campbell
appealed.
Issues:
Is
specific
performance
an
appropriate
legal
remedy
in
this
case
or
is
the
contract
unconscionable?
Discussion:
In
January
1948,
it
was
virtually
impossible
to
obtain
Chantenay
carrots
in
the
open
market.
Campbell
used
Chantenay
carrots
(which
are
easier
to
process
for
soup
making
than
other
carrots)
in
large
quantities
and
furnishes
the
seeds
to
farmers
with
whom
it
contracts.
Campbell
contracted
for
carrots
long
ahead,
and
farmers
entered
into
the
contract
willingly.
If
the
facts
of
this
case
were
this
simple,
specific
performance
should
have
been
granted.
However,
the
problem
is
with
the
contract
itself,
which
was
one-sided.
According
to
the
appellate
court,
the
most
direct
example
of
unconscionability
was
the
provision
that,
under
certain
.
Elements for analyzing mise en sceneIdentify the components of.docxtoltonkendal
Elements for analyzing mise en scene
Identify the components of the shot, but explaining the meaning or significance behind those components and connecting the shot to the themes of the film
1. Dominant: Where is the eye attracted first? Why?
2. Lighting key: High key? Low key? High contrast? Some combination of these?
3. Shot and camera proxemics: What type of shot? How far away is the camera from the action?
4. Angle: Is the viewer (through the eye of the camera) looking up or down on the subject? Or is the camera neutral (eye level)?
5. Color values: What is the dominant color? Are there contrasting foils? Is there color symbolism?
6. Lens/filter/stock: How do these distort or comment on the
photographed materials?
7. Subsidiary contrasts: What are the main eye-stops after taking in the dominant?
8. Density: How much visual information is packed into the image? Is the texture stark, moderate, or highly detailed?
9. Composition: How is the two-dimensional space segmented and organized? What is the underlying design?
10. Form: Open or closed? Does the image suggest a window that arbitrarily isolates a fragment of the scene? Or a proscenium arch, in which the visual elements are carefully arranged and held in balance?
11. Framing: Tight or loose? Do characters have little to no room to move, or can they move freely without impediments?
12. Depth: On how many planes is the image composed? Does the background or foreground comment in any way on the midground?
13. Character placement: What part of the framed space do the characters occupy? Center? Top? Bottom? Edges? Why?
14. Staging positions: Which way do the characters look vis-à-vis the camera?
15. Character proxemics: How much space is between the
characters?
What are the 4 distinct formal elements that make up a film's mise en scene?
• staging of the action
• physical setting and decor
• the manner in which these materials are framed
• the manner in which they are photographed
.
Elements in the same row have the same number of () levelsWhi.docxtoltonkendal
Elements in the same row have the same number of (*) levels
Which elements in B O U L A N would be in the same family? Which would have the same number of energy levels? Highest mass? Lowest mass?
Which is more reactive? Uranium or Lithium
Will elements B and U lose electrons in a chemical reactor?
Will elements B and U form positive or negative ions?
Thanks so much (:
.
ELEG 421 Control Systems Transient and Steady State .docxtoltonkendal
ELEG 421
Control Systems
Transient and Steady State
Response Analyses
Dr. Ashraf A. Zaher
American University of Kuwait
College of Arts and Science
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Layout
2
Objectives
This chapter introduces the analysis of the time response of different
control systems under different scenarios. Only first and second order
systems will be considered in details using analytical and numerical
methods. Extension to higher order systems will be developed. Both
transient and steady state responses will be evaluated. Stability analysis
will be analyzed for different kinds of feedback, while investigating the
effect of both proportional and derivative control actions on the
performance of the closed-loop system. Finally systems types and
steady state errors will be calculated for unity feedback.
Outcomes
By the end of this chapter, students will be able to:
evaluate both transient/steady state responses for control systems,
analyze the stability of closed-loop LTI systems,
investigate the effect of P and I control actions on performance, and
understand dominant dynamics of higher order systems.
Dr. Ashraf Zaher
Introduction
3
Test signals
Transient response
Steady state response
Analytical techniques, and
Numerical (simulation) techniques.
Stability (definition and analysis methods),
Relative stability, and
Effect of P/I control actions on stability and performance.
Summary of the used systems:
First order systems,
Second order systems, and
Higher order systems.
Dr. Ashraf Zaher
Test Signals
4 Dr. Ashraf Zaher
Impulse function:
Used to simulate shock inputs,
Laplace transform: 1.
Step function:
Used to simulate sudden disturbances,
Laplace transform: 1/s.
Ramp function:
Used to simulate gradually changing inputs,
Laplace transform: 1/s2.
Sinusoidal function(s):
Used to test response to a certain frequency,
Laplace transform: s/(s2+ω2) for cos(ωt) and ω/(s2+ω2) for sin(ωt).
White noise function:
Used to simulate random noise,
It is a stochastic signal that is easier to deal with in the time domain.
Total response:
C(s) = R(s)*TF(s) = Ctr(s) + Css(s) → c(t) = ctr(t) + css(t)
Fundamentals
5 Dr. Ashraf Zaher
Definitions:
Zeros (Z) of the TF
Poles (P) of the TF
Transient Response (Natural)
Steady State Response (Forced)
Total Response
Limits:
Initial values
Final values
Systems (?Zs):
First order (one P)
Second order (two Ps)
Higher order!
More:
Stability and relative stability
Steady state errors (unity feedback)
First Order Systems
6 Dr. Ashraf Zaher
TF:
T: time constant
Unit Step Response:
1
1
)(
)(
+
=
TssR
sC
)/1(
11
1
1
1
11
)(
TssTs
T
sTss
sC
+
−=
+
−=
+
=
Ttetc /1)( −−=
632.01)( 1 =−== −eTtc
T
e
Tdt
tdc Tt
t
11)( /
0
== −
=
01)0( 0 =−== etc
11)( =−=∞= −∞etc
First Order Systems.
Element 010 ASSIGNMENT 3000 WORDS (100)Task Individual assign.docxtoltonkendal
Element 010 ASSIGNMENT: 3000 WORDS (100%)
Task: Individual assignment (3000 words)
Weighting: 100%
Assessment Case Study:
Greenland Garden Centre
[1]
Jon Smith spread his arms widely as he surveyed his garden centre.
‘Of course the whole market for leisure products and services, especially garden-related products, has been expanding over the last few years. Even so, we have been particularly successful. Partly this is because we are conveniently located, but it is also because we have developed a reputation for excellent service. Customers like coming to us for advice. We have also been successful in attracting some of the ‘personality gardeners’ from television to make special appearances. My main ambition now is to fully develop all of our twelve hectares to make the centre a place people will want to visit in its own right. I envisage the centre developing into almost a mini gardening theme park with special gardens, beautiful grounds and special events.’
Greenland is a large village situated in the Cotswolds, a popular tourist area of the UK. It has an interesting range of shops and restaurants, mainly catering for the tourist trade. About half a mile outside the village is the Greenland Garden Centre. The garden centre is served by a good network of main roads but is inaccessible by public transport.
Growth over the last five years has been dramatic and the garden centre now sells many other goods as well as gardening requisites. It also has a restaurant. It is open seven days a week, only closing on Christmas Day. Its opening hours are Monday– Saturday 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. and Sunday 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. all year round.
Outside the centre
The centre has a large car park which can accommodate about 350 cars. Outside the entrance a map indicates the various areas in the garden centre. Most customers walk round the grounds before making their purchases. The length of time people spend in the centre varies but, according to a recent study, averages 53 minutes during the week and 73 minutes at weekends.
The same study shows the extent to which the number of customers arriving at the garden centre varies depending on the time of year, day of the week, and time of day. There are two peaks in customer numbers, one during the late spring/early summer period and another in the build up to Christmas, as Greenland puts on particularly good Christmas displays.
Indoor sales area
The range of goods has increased dramatically over the past few years and now includes items such as:
pets and aquatics
seeds
fertilisers
indoor pots and plants
gardening equipment
garden lighting
conservatory-style furniture
outdoor clothing
picture gallery
books and toys
delicatessen
wine
kitchen equipment
soft furnishing
outdoor eating equipment
gifts, stationery, cards, aromatherapy products
freshly cut flowers
dried flowers.
Outside sales area
In the open air and in large glasshouses there is a complete range of plants, shrubs and trees. Gre.
ELEG 320L – Signals & Systems Laboratory Dr. Jibran Khan Yous.docxtoltonkendal
ELEG 320L – Signals & Systems Laboratory /Dr. Jibran Khan Yousafzai Lab 4
1
LAB 4: CONVOLUTION
Background & Concepts
Convolution is denoted by:
𝑦[𝑛] = 𝑥[𝑛] ∗ ℎ[𝑛]
Your book has described the "flip and shift" method for performing convolution. First, we
set up two signals 𝑥[𝑘] and ℎ[𝑘]:
Flip one of the signals, say ℎ[𝑘], to form ℎ[−𝑘]:
ELEG 320L – Signals & Systems Laboratory /Dr. Jibran Khan Yousafzai Lab 4
2
Shift ℎ[−𝑘] by n to form ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]. For each value of 𝑛, form 𝑦[𝑛] by multiplying and
summing all the element of the product of𝑥[𝑘]ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘], −∞ < 𝑘 < ∞. The figure
below shows an example of the calculation of𝑦[1]. The top panel shows𝑥[𝑘]. The
middle panel showsℎ[1 − 𝑘]. The lower panel shows𝑥[𝑘]𝑦[1 − 𝑘]. Note that this is a
sequence on a 𝑘 axis. The sum of the lower sequence over all k gives 𝑦[1] = 2.
We repeat this shifting, multiplication and summing for all values of 𝑛 to get the
complete sequence 𝑦[𝑛]:
ELEG 320L – Signals & Systems Laboratory /Dr. Jibran Khan Yousafzai Lab 4
3
The conv Command
conv(x,h) performs a 1-D convolution of vectors 𝑥 and ℎ. The resulting vector 𝑦
has length length(𝑦) = length(𝑥) + length(ℎ) − 1. Imagine vector 𝑥 as being
stationary and the flipped version of ℎ is slid from left to right. Note that conv(x,h) =
conv(h,x). An example of the convolution of two signals and plotting the result is
below:
>> x = [0.5 0.5 0.5]; %define input signal x[n]
>> h = [3.0 2.0 1.0]; %unit-pulse response h[n]
>> y = conv(x,h); %compute output y[n] via convolution
>> n = 0:(length(y)-1); %for plotting y[n]
>> stem(n,y) % plot y[n]
>> grid;
>> xlabel('n');
>> ylabel('y[n]');
>> title('Output of System via Convolution');
ELEG 320L – Signals & Systems Laboratory /Dr. Jibran Khan Yousafzai Lab 4
4
Deconvolution
The command [q,r] = deconv(v,u), deconvolves vector u out of vector v, using long
division. The quotient is returned in vector q and the remainder in vector r such that
v = conv(u,q)+r. If u and v are vectors of polynomial coefficients, convolving them is
equivalent to multiplying the two polynomials, and deconvolution is polynomial
division. The result of dividing v by u is quotient q and remainder r. An examples is
below:
If
>> u = [1 2 3 4];
>> v = [10 20 30];
The convolution is:
>> c = conv(u,v)
c =
10 40 100 160 170 120
Use deconvolution to recover v.
>> [q,r] = deconv(c,u)
q =
10 20 30
r =
0 0 0 0 0 0
This gives a quotient equal to v and a zero remainder.
Structures
Structures in Matlab are just like structures in C. They are basically containers that
allow one
Electronic Media PresentationChoose two of the following.docxtoltonkendal
Electronic Media Presentation
Choose
two of the following types of electronic media:
Radio
Sound recording
Motion pictures
Broadcast television
Research
the history of the media types your team selected. Include the following information in your presentation:
Introduction
Notable founders and parent organizations of your electronic media types
Notable historical dates
Dates of mergers with other radio stations, record production companies, motion picture companies, or television networks to form a large media conglomerate
Date the media types launched their websites, became active on the Internet, or became active in social media integration
Identify past, present, and future challenges confronting these types of media. How has the digital era affected them? Which types are best suited to adapt to the future? Explain why
How do these challenges affect advertising in these organizations--outside companies advertising--and advertising for these media--companies promoting themselves to others? What are innovative advertising strategies these media have engaged in?
What are two similarities and two differences between the two media types?
Conclusion
Present your Electronic Media Presentation.
These are 10- to 12-slideMicrosoft
®
PowerPoint
®
presentations with notes.
.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
1. Running head: SCHIZOPHRENIA MENTAL DISORDER
1
SCHIZOPHRENIA MENTAL DISORDER
2
Schizophrenia Mental Disorder
Student’s Name
Course Name
Instructor’s Name
University Affiliation
Schizophrenia Mental Disorder
Introduction
Schizophrenia is a type of psychological illness. It is a chronic
and unembellished mental disorder that mainly distresses an
individual’s thinking, norms as well as to their extent of
sensation. According to modern day research, reports indicates
that persons who have schizophrenia might appear as if they
have misplaced touch with realism. However, much it is not
collective as in comparison with the other mental disorders, its
symptoms seem to be much disabling in nature (Miller, 2012).
An example is a reduction of a person’s pleasure in their daily
undertakings. It raises the question; what can a man do in the
absence of desire and affection in all their doings? From the
information as already mentioned above, this paper takes turn
2. providing an enhanced analysis of the mental disorder disease –
Schizophrenia.
Signs and Symptoms
In close to all the reported cases, signs and symptoms of
schizophrenia often start from ages ranging between 16 and 30.
There are however fewer cases that the disease has
identification among the children. In this paper, it classifies the
symptoms and signs into three categories. They include the
positive, negative, as well as to the cognitive symptoms as
illustrated below.
Positive signs:
In this category, they have a regard for psychotic norms. It
means that it is hard to depict the signs commonly in people
who are living a healthy lifestyle. However, the given
individuals might tend to part ways with their connectivity with
different components of reality. The symptoms might include: -
· Delusions
· Agitated movements of the body in a disorderly manner
· Hallucinations
· Unfamiliar perspective of thinking entailing disorderly
thoughts and imaginations
Negative symptoms:
In this set, symptoms have a closer affiliation with
disturbances to both the common behaviors as well as to
particular emotions (Mueser, 2011). The symptoms comprise of:
-
· Condensed level of speaking
· Reduction in the extent of both pleasure and feelings in a
person’s everyday life undertakings
· Decline on the voice tone as well as the ordinary portrayal of
emotions
· Hardships in commencing and sustaining of various activities
Cognitive symptoms:
In this set of symptoms, it varies from one given an individual
to the other. To certain people, the symptoms are observable as
3. being delicate in nature. On the other hand, the symptoms prove
to be extra severe (Weiberger et al., 2011). In such situations,
the affected persons are capable of recognizing alterations in
either the facets of thinking and imagination, as well as to
variations in their memory. Examples of symptoms in this
category includes: -
· Distress in concentration as well as to paying of attention
· Inability to make use of a given information as soon as it is
obtained by the particular individuals
· Inability to make just functioning of the information obtained.
For example, an individual does a different function from that
which was expected
What are the reasons behind the occurrence of schizophrenia?
From the time of its inception up to the moment, there has never
been a fruitful result on the exact causes of the mental disorder.
Nevertheless, the majority of qualified researchers in the
medical field have a strong belief that its roots span around
both the environmental as well as to the genetic factors. There
are certain components in our everyday life that might cause an
individual to have exposure to develop schizophrenia. On the
other hand, physicians also believe that certain scenarios might
steer the condition of acquiring the disease. Below are examples
of the possible causes of schizophrenia mental disorder
(Traynor, 2005).
Environment:
Researchers and physicians have a strong belief that
environment is a strong contribution to schizophrenia disease. It
involves the enhanced affiliations amid the genes as well as to
the aspects of a person’s environment. Through this, it opens up
ways for the development of the mental disorder disease.
Examples of the given environmental factors might include;
· Psychosocial characteristics
· Difficulties in the process of conceiving
· Exposure to viruses
· Malnutrition extremes of an infant prior to birth
4. Unlike brain chemistry and structure:
About recent studies conducted on the brain, research indicates
a possible cause of schizophrenia disease if there takes place
alteration if the brain components. It includes inequality in the
multifaceted and unified chemical activities of the mind. It
particular, it involves the neurotransmitters that are known to be
the facets of the brain that enhances communication in the
brain, glutamate as well as o dopamine. Frequent and consistent
movement of the given components of the brain possibly results
to a gradual development of schizophrenia disease. Also, there
are also speculations from various researches that points out to
the elaboration of illness as a result of complications with the
brain during the initial stages of development of a fetus. At the
same time, it is also important to note that during the stages of
puberty, the human brain undergoes significant alterations.
Through the given changes, the chances are high that there
might be the development of psychotic symptoms particularly to
the given individuals exposed to either variation in the brain as
well to changes in their genetic structure (Wilczynski, 2012).
Genetics:
For a much extended period of time, scientists have a firm
belief that schizophrenia disease runs in the blood of families.
It is contrary to the array of persons who have developed the
mental disorder even though in their bloodline, no single person
has shown any signs or diagnosis of the disease before. Even
though not a single gene can lead to the development of the
disease, numerous dissimilar genes might heighten the chances
of development of the mental disorder. It means that genetic
data is not at a position of determining the prospective
individuals who might develop the disease in the future.
Regardless of the given inability of using genes to determine
the pattern of schizophrenia in persons, physicians still have a
belief that it runs in the families who share a common blood.
For this reason, the merging of various genes together is still
not a guarantee that one would develop the disease. However,
there is much likelihood that it might accelerate development of
5. the disease.
Still, under genetics, there is evidence contributing to the fact
that this type of mental disorder is inherited. Numerous studies
have been conducted on twins to determine the extent of
inheritance of this disease. There is the sharing of similar genes
by identical twins. Suppose one twin develops schizophrenia
disease, the other one has more likelihood of developing the
disease. Chances are often 1 in every two chances. Even if the
twins are brought up separately, the likelihood of developing
the disease are still high (Traynor, 2005).
Pregnancy and birth complications:
During pregnancies as well as to complications during birth,
there are chances that such persons might develop the mental
disorder. Complications in birth might include reduced weight
on the woman, early labor pains as well as to deficiency in the
level of oxygen during conceiving.
Stress:
Stress has a consideration of being one of the top triggers of
schizophrenia disease in humans. It includes stressful
happenings like the constant losing of loved ones. Other
Examples of stressful events include loss of job, marriage
breakups, and persistent racial discrimination. It is important to
note that the given constraints do not cause schizophrenia, but
instead, they are stimulants towards triggering occurrence of the
disorder.
Drug abuse:
Even though the use of narcotics does not guarantee the
development of the disease, but they act as aspects that heighten
chances of development of the given disease. It is closely
related to trigger issues as they stimulate the development of
the disease. It, therefore, means that over consumption of drugs
highly relates to the condition. An example of the given drugs
includes abuse of cocaine, cannabis, and amphetamines. The
above drugs are delicate to persons who are susceptible. In most
of the situations, over the use of the given drugs might lead to
relapse especially in the group of individuals who are
6. recovering from a similar situation before.
Distinct Persons Affected with the Disorder
According to research, the mental disorder is thought to be
present in one out of every one hundred individuals. Due to the
hardships in recognizing the signs and symptoms, most of the
people continue to live a normal life minus having a familiarity
that indeed, they are affected by the given disease. However, its
diagnosis occurs between the ages ranging between 15 and 35.
It does not have a particular consideration but instead, it affects
both the men and the women equally (Wilczynski, 2012). Also,
no legit test has been established in measuring this kind of
mental disorder. On the other hand, it can as well be diagnosed
after a comprehensive assessment by a physician or a mental
health care expert. If this disease is recovered earlier enough,
there are chances that it can be treated.
Risk Factors
According to modern day research, there several factors that
pave the way for the development of schizophrenia disease.
Even though the prices causes of the illness has not yet been
found, certain underlying factors accelerate the development of
illness (Templeman et al., 2011). They include the combination
of the environmental, genetic, physical as well as to the
psychological facets. The above conditions are examples of the
components that can steer the development of the disease.
Taking the environment as an example, it involves the enhanced
affiliations amid the genes as well as to the aspects of a
person’s environment. Through this, it opens up ways for the
development of the mental disorder disease. Examples of the
given environmental factors might include an individual’s
exposure to viruses. Examples of factors that heightens the
prospects of schizophrenia development include: -
Treatments and Therapies: In most of the situations this type of
mental disorder undergoes treatment with a grouping of therapy
and medication suitable to each and every individual. Examples
include antipsychotic medicines as well as to CBT(Cognitive
7. Behavioral Therapy). In the recent cases, victims suffering from
this type of mental disorder do receive assistance from
community-based programs including CMHT (community
mental health team).
Through this, they get to receive daily support as well as to
treatment. In the outcome of individual therapies, sure people
recover from schizophrenia. However, they still face relapses if
the symptoms return (Qaseem et al., 2012). To reduce
demoralization of individuals from treatment, consistent
assistance and encouragements help the given individuals
understand more concerning schizophrenia mental disease.
Treatment of Schizophrenia
There are no correct procedures already established to cure
schizophrenia. However, physicians focus on doing away with
the symptoms through various treatments including therapies as
already mentioned above. Among the different treatments
consists of:
· Antipsychotics: - It is a kind of daily medication involving the
consumption of prescribed drugs that can be either in the form
of a pill or liquid form. In certain situations, the antipsychotics
medications involve injections that are specified either once or
twice each and every month. However, research indicates a
trend in which part of the victims often undergo side effects
whenever they commence the given medications. The good news
is that the side effects does not last for a long period of time as
they soon fade away thereby making the individuals adhere
positively towards the medications (Lugterberg et al., 2009).
For this reasons, we find that close collaboration between the
doctors and the patients is essential in determining the rightful
combination of medication in reference to the dosage.
· Psychosocial Treatments: - It is a kind of fruitful medication
program to the patients. It is because, it commences as soon as
the physician as well as to the given patient develops a
treatment plan. It generally involves the ability to gain
knowledge concerning their symptoms as well as to the
8. drawbacks that have resulted as a result of the development of
schizophrenia mental disorder within them. Through getting
used to the new life system they undertake, they stand a chance
of bouncing back to the society as normal; individuals just like
other people. It has also been proven that the victims who
regularly participate in this kind of initiative hardly faces any
relapses in the coming times.
· Coordinated specialty care (CSC): - In this kind of treatment,
it mainly involve the overall incorporation of the prescribed
medications, involvement of the family, case management,
psychosocial therapies as well as to educational programs that
mainly aims minimizing of the severe symptoms of
schizophrenia while at the same time enlightening the quality of
life of an individual (Kung, 2005).
Living with schizophrenia
Living with schizophrenia mainly involve a comprehensive
management of the directed medications of the doctors. An
individual has to be profound with the fact that there are no
precise medications of curing the mental disorder. However,
there are higher chances of minimizing any form of relapses.
Through effective management, the given interventions include;
· Earlier recognition of the signs of any given syndrome in the
body
· It follows suit with communicating with a doctor concerning
any malicious symptoms either present or cropping up in the
body
· An individual should therefore adhere to the medications as
prescribed by the given physician
· It is always important to communicate with the family
members and close friends concerning the situation as it is
helpful in terms of therapy involvements as well as to
consultations
How to assist an individual with schizophrenia
Because of lack of rightful medicine to cure this given type of
9. mental order disease, the best strategy is to offer care and
support to the persons suffering from the disease. At the same
time, it is always difficult to either make judgments or retort to
an individual who consistently keep on acting strange as well as
establishing faulty statements (Adopted from Institute of
Medicine, 2011). Caregivers should always have it in mind that
schizophrenia mental disorder is entirely biological in nature. In
order to give much care and love to the persons suffering from
this kind of mental disorder, below are certain factors that need
to be put into consideration.
They include:
· Helping them get attached to any support group in the area
· Ensure that they get involved in treatment sessions while at
the same time making them stick to the treatment program
· Always ensure to understand that they are suffering from a
disease that is biological in nature
· Always be respectful and show love, passion and compassion
to your loved ones suffering from the disorder
Is it helpful to join a clinical Study?
As far schizophrenia mental disorder is concerned, participation
in a clinical study is of great importance to any individual
suffering from this given type of disease. In the moment that the
given individuals join the clinical trials, they get to learn more
concerning updates on treatment therapies. One of the primary
objectives of a clinical trial in reference schizophrenia is that it
defines the relevance of any particular program brought to the
table (Gilmour et al., 2011).
Misconceptions about schizophrenia
Split personality: Most of the people who do not believe that the
disease is biological in nature, often presume that victims
suffering from the disease undergo a form of split personality.
For example, they tend to act orderly in certain scenarios while
at the same time, they act weird in other instances. Basically, it
is not true in nature.
Violent behavior: It is also an example of a misconception
related to the mental disorder. Most of the people associate this
10. type of disease with severe violent activities. However, this is
contrary to the realism of the persons affected with the disease.
The victims are ever peaceful and jovial with one another in the
society. As we all know, violent behaviors are associated with
persons who constantly abuse drugs. For the given reasons, we
classify thus as a misconception.
Conclusion
Schizophrenia mental disorder is a relative disease just
like any other biological ailments. Any given individual
suffering from its effects has a right of being treated fairly in
the community. It mainly involves attendance of therapies as
well as to adhering to medical treatments. Through this, it will
prevent any occurrence of a possible relapse by the victim. This
paper is a perfect example of an outline that is effective in
understanding more concerning schizophrenia mental disorder.
References
Gilmour, J., Harrison, C., Asadi L., Cohen, M. H., & Vohra, S.,
11. (2011). Complementary and Alternative Medicine practitioners'
standard of care: Responsibilities to patients and parents.
Pediatrics. Supplement, 4(128), S200-S205. Retrieved
fromhttp://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/128/Suppleme
nt_4/S200.full.pdf
Institute of Medicine. (2011). Clinical practice guidelines we
can trust. National Academies Press. Washington, DC National
Academies, 1-2. Retrieved
fromhttp://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2011/Cl
inical-Practice-Guidelines-We-Can-
Trust/Clinical%20Practice%20Guidelines%202011%20Insert.pd
f
Kung, C. C. (2005). Defining a standard of care in the practice
of acupuncture. American Journal of Law & Medicine, 31(1)
117-130. Retrieved from the EBSCOhost database.
Lugteberg, M., Burgers, J. S., Westert, G. P. (2009). Effects of
evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on quality of care: a
systematic review. Qual Saf Health Care, 18, 385-392.
Miller, R., & Mason, S. E. (2012). Diagnosis Schizophrenia: A
comprehensive resource for patients, families, and helping
professionals. New York: Columbia University Press.
Mueser, K. T., & Jeste, D. V. (2011). Clinical handbook of
schizophrenia. New York: Guilford Press.
Qaseem, A., Forland, F., Macbeth, F., Ollenschlager, G.,
Phillips, S., & van der Wees, P. (2012). Guidelines
international network: toward international standards for
clinical practice guidelines. Annals of Internal Medicine,
156(7), 525-531. Retrieved from the EBSCOhost database.
Templeman K., & Robinson A. (2011). Integrative medicine
models in contemporary primary health care. Complement Ther
Med, 19(2) 84-92. Retrieved from the EBSCOhost database.
Traynor, K. (2005). Report urges scientific standards for
alternative medicine. American Journal of Health-System
Pharmacy, 62(6), 562. Retrieved from the EBSCOhost
database.
Weinberger, D. R., & Harrison, P. (2010). Schizophrenia. New
12. York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Wilczynski, S. M. (2012). Risk and strategic decision-making
in developing evidence-based practice guidelines. Education &
Treatment of Children, 35(2), 291-311. Retrieved from the
ProQuest database.
Header: Outline and Annotated Bibliography
11
A report on Schizophrenia treatment practices
Student’s name
Course
Instructor name
Date
Table of Contents
3Introduction
3Thesis statement
4Schizophrenia disease
13. 6Best treatment practices of schizophrenia disease
6Conventional medicinal treatment
8Complementary and alternative health therapies
9The integrative model of care
10Comparison
12Conclusion
14Annotated Bibliography
Introduction
Chronic diseases diagnosis and treatment is normally
complicated unlike other infections. In most cases, the chronic
diseases do not have standard practices for the treatment
process. Many physicians and health care normally adopts
various medical guidelines in diagnosis and treatment of these
chronic diseases. Consequently, these methods always result to
different outcomes among the patients. In many cases, chronic
diseases do not have established practices and guidelines and
thus leaves a huge room in which many practitioners follow
different paths. The outcome generated may be achieved with
huge clinical confidence and in some cases with moderate
clinical confidence. To eliminate some of the uncertainties in
treatment, there is vehement need to have standard and
harmonized guidelines that should be followed during the
treatment process of people with chronic diseases. Thesis
statement
In effort towards realization of the best practices for chronic
diseases, this paper seeks to establish the best practices for
Schizophrenia in particular. The study has analyzed the current
practices of treatment of the Schizophrenia diseases and the
possible outcomes. In consideration to this, the paper has
analyzed the prevalence rate, development of disease among
people and the quality of life in consideration to various
intervention programs for the disease. The paper provides in
depth investigation about the diseases through background
information search, through literature findings and
epidemiological statistics. Thereafter, the paper establishes a
14. model which describes the treatment practices of the disease.
Lastly, the paper provides recommendations on the best
practices on how the Schizophrenia disease would be treated.
Schizophrenia disease
Schizophrenia disease is a mental and severe chronic disorder
that impairs the judgment of a person. The disorder is
associated with loss touch with the common society.
Schizophrenia major symptoms may include the following but
not limited to unclear and confused thinking, hearing unreal
voices, reduced engagement with people (Lehman et al., 2014).
More often other mental problems that are likely to develop
include anxiety disorders, depressive illness and may also lead
to drug and substance abuse.
The development of the disorder is considered to be gradual.
Typically, it develops from childhood to young adulthood to
later stages of life. At childhood, the disease is caused by
genetic factors or environmental conditions. However, a distinct
cause of the disorder has not been established. Some of the
genetic factors associated with the disorder include gene
mutations and rare genetic variants. On the other hand, the
environmental factors that are associated with the disorder
include cannabis use, infections, poor nutrition during
pregnancy among others. The disorder may be a result of a
combination of two or more of the mentioned factors.
Like other mental conditions, the schizophrenia condition has
no standard diagnosis test. The physician carrying out the
diagnosis process must adhere to DSM-IV guideline of
diagnosis for mental conditions. For instance, it is hard to
diagnose the disease among children and young teenagers since
some of the problems associated with the condition such as bad
grades, sleeping irregularly and withdrawal from friends are
considered to be typical problems. A physical test is normally
done to rule out the possibility of other conditions such as
metabolic disorders, brain tumor and drug abuse. However, for a
15. person with the schizophrenia condition, that does not hold. A
patient has to undergo a six months surveillance on his/her mind
development about delusions, hallucinations, disorganized
speech, hyperactive behavior and coma-like sleep. A consistent
development of the above symptoms for the patient is a clear
indication of the disease and this can only lead to a vindication
that someone has the condition (Anderson et al., 2006).
As per the DSM-IV guidelines on people with schizophrenia
condition, the diagnosis of the condition is guaranteed by
consistent combination of positive, negative and cognitive
factors. The positive symptoms of a person include
hallucinations, delusions and racing thoughts. Moreover,
apathy, social withdrawal and disorganized thoughts and
memory problems are all indications of person with
schizophrenia disorder. Family history is also vital in
establishment of the condition among the patient.
The schizophrenia condition prevalence can’t be understated.
According to Anderson et al., (2006), it can be established that
about 0.3 to 0.7% of the people in the world are affected by the
disorder at any point in their lifetime. As reported by American
Psychiatric Association (2006), the disease is responsible for
about 16,000 deaths annually across the globe. In 2013, there
was an estimation of 23.6 million cases globally where more
males were considered to be prevalent as compared to women.
According to American medical agency, approximately 20% of
the patients do well and eventually recover completely. The
remaining 80% of the people are mainly affected by pother
social problems including homelessness, poverty and
unemployment. The major problems associated by this mental
disorder is high suicide rate which occur due to loss of hope for
majority of the patients.
The treatment and management of the schizophrenia condition
can be done through the conventional medicine methodology,
complementary and alternative health therapies in addition to
integrated approach methodology (Lehman et al., 2014). The
complimentary therapy used in treatment of the condition is
16. psychosocial and cognitive therapy. This alternative kind of
treatment is useful and consists of a scenario where a
psychotherapist tries to recover the consciousness of a person
with the condition. In most cases, psycho treatment involves
helping the affected patients to learn on how to cope and learn
in order to address the daily challenges in life. Through
cognitive therapy, it is easier to influence the person moods and
actions in order to adapt and attain the much needed health.
Through that, psychotherapy strains to achieve a sense of
control and pleasure in people live. The complimentary
treatment of psychotherapy is one of the most vital treatment in
additional to the conventional method of treatment.Best
treatment practices of schizophrenia disease
Treatment and management of schizophrenia disease takes place
in three mechanisms. Fist through the conventional medicinal
method. Second, through complimentary treatment methodology
and through integrative action methodology. From all the above
mechanisms, there are best practices that each methodology
applies. The mechanisms are believed to be the way forward for
the treatment of schizophrenia disorder. Conventional medicinal
treatment
Convectional medicinal treatment of schizophrenia entail
application of various drugs in the body in order to trigger a
reaction in the body. For the case of the schizophrenia disorder
the process entails use of various antibiotics and medicinal
programs in order to curb the disease. The major antibiotics
applied in curing the disorder include phenothiazines,
thioxanthenes, dibenzoxazepines and dihydroindolones. The
main action of these antibiotics is to block the dopamine D2
receptors in the brain thereby having a therapeutic activity in
the brain (Geddes & Bebbington, 2010). The drugs have been in
wide use for the treatment of this disorder. The following are
best practices in treatment of the disorder using the
conventional medical method.
17. In treatment of schizophrenia, there is a consideration of the
stage and phases. The phases of treatment are differentiated as
either acute or maintenance phase. During the acute phase the
treatment is characterized by high doses of antibiotics applied
in order to treat the psychotic symptoms. The maintenance
phase in treatment is characterized by reduced aggressive
treatment that seeks to establish a stable environment for the
patient. At this stage, a fair approach is taken in order to
prevent inter-episode symptoms.
Consistent application of medication is another aspect that must
be considered. Consistent application of medicine ensures that
no complication or side symptoms can erupt. Additionally,
consistency ensures that there is limited chance for relapse rate.
Through consistent drug application, the patient can be able to
establish whether there are development in the body concerning
the disease.
Physicians need to determine the side effects of each type of
medication for a certain kind of drug. For the first-generational
(conventional) drugs and second generational drugs, there is
notable difference between the two types of drugs on the side
effects. Optimal pharmacological treatment of the schizophrenia
calls for the understanding of the patients’ disorder and the
diverse pathological knowledge of the antipsychotic treatments
(American Psychiatric Association, 2006).
The use of scale to profile the level of the condition is highly
recommended. According to DSM- IV treatment guideline,
several approaches have been outlined on how to treat the
disorder based on the level of the disease of the patient
(Anderson et al., 2006). Using the scale provided by the DSM-
IV criterion, one can easily determine the level of
aggressiveness to be applied during the process of medication.
For instance, a person with the disorder at a high development
stage cannot be subjected in the same treatment with someone
of the disorder at the basic level. Complementary and
18. alternative health therapies
The most effective and widely used complimentary therapy in
treatment of schizophrenia entails psychosocial and cognitive
therapy. It has been found out that, the conventional method of
treatment is a good remedy to the positive effects such as
hallucinations and delusions but it is unable to curb cognitive
and negative symptoms of the disease. Some of the negative
symptoms which include apathy, low self-esteem and social
withdrawal in additional to cognitive symptoms such as memory
loss and lack of awareness can be best cured through
complementary and alternative therapy of psychosocial and
cognitive therapy.
Psychosocial interventions are aimed at long term realization of
one goals and prevention of related stresses for the individual.
In most cases, the psychosocial interventions are normally
carried out in individual and family basis. Some of the best
practices in psychosocial interventions include:
Individual psychotherapist must be established. A patient
recovery from some of the cognitive and negative effects
through counselling through a professional psycho expert
(Lehman et al., 2014). The patient and the expert must confide
with each other on major. The patient are helped on how to
improve on their cognitive life through various intervention
programs. The relationship with the counselors is meant to help
the patient strengthen the interpersonal skills while reducing
stresses.
Family treatment and education is key to realization of
cognitive purposes. The rationale for indicating that is because
hostile environment around the homestead can be fatal to the
patient. The family shall successfully deal with problems such
as stigma and discrimination commonly associated with the
disease (Harvey, 2011). Through good treatments from parents,
it can clear that the patient can have a good emotional
19. environment through which he/she can express fully without the
fear of discrimination.
Assertive community treatment must be enhanced. In assertive
community treatment, the patient is subjected to acceptance by
all members of the society, through this intervention, there is
job support, where the patient is accorded the comfort and
realization of his goals. Through the treatment, the intervention
seeks to eliminate major problems of awareness such as lack of
passion and goal for life. High self-esteem and cognition is
likely to build for such kind of patient. The integrative model of
care
The integrative model care of treatment consolidates both the
conventional method of treatment and the other psychosocial
interventions. The objective of integration of both models seeks
to obtain a remedy to both the negative symptoms and cognitive
symptoms as well as positive symptoms of schizophrenia
disorder. The best practices in integrative model of care for
patients with schizophrenia entails the following:
The doctor to patient relationship must be improved. The
process of treatment for this disorder depends hugely on the
relationship between the doctor and the patient. The doctor shall
be able to determine accurately the level as he/she carries out
the pharmacology practices towards solving the disorder.
Additionally, there is need to educate the patient about the
condition of the illness. The patient in major circumstances are
unable to develop in a healthy way through understanding about
their medical conditions. Doctors and other practitioners have to
establish mechanisms through which the patient has to develop
awareness about his condition in addition to awareness of the
disease.
In addition to psych treatment, the integrative model seeks to
establish selected antidepressants such as trazodone, fluoxetine
as additional intervention strategies for treatment of the disease.
The antidepressants are considered to be effective due to their
20. influence in reducing negative effects of schizophrenia such as
depression (Harvey, 2011). The strategy then must be used in
conjunction with antipsychotics treatment in order to curb the
disease. The positive and negative effects of schizophrenia are
taken into consideration
Support programs in the hospitals are always encouraged in
treatment of the patient. The patient must be in constant
connection with the counsellors and family to receive the
necessary support required in order to improve.
Comparison
All the models outlined above are aimed at ensuring good health
of patients with schizophrenia disease. The models are all
geared towards treatment of people with the disease. It can then
be deduced that
Treatment process incorporates a long term plan on how to
conduct various activities. Through the plan, antipsychotic,
psychosocial interventions and behavioral change are normally
established. Through the time, various observations can be made
and the necessary intervention can be made in case of relapses
and depression.
Additionally all the models consider different approaches for
different patients. Patients have the disorder at different levels
and this calls for different methods and different levels of
aggressiveness. For any kind of patient, a specialized treatment
must be taken into consideration depending on the intensity of
the symptoms.
All the models insist on the reduced intensity of schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia is a chronic disease that requires an intervention
and the main aims of the aforementioned models is to reduce the
symptoms of schizophrenia where positive, negative or
cognitive.
21. There are notable differences among the models provided. The
differences are outlined in objectives and the methodology in
which all the models establishes their practices. Some of the
notable differences include the following:
While the conventional pharmacology method entails use of
drugs (antibiotics) in treatment of the disorder, the other
complimentary method of treatment focus on the cognitive and
social environment towards realization of goals and self-seeking
mechanisms. Integrative approach seeks to consolidate the two
methodologies of treatment.
Furthermore, the main factor of consideration between the three
methods of treatment is different. While the first seeks to
establish a counter- effective method to the diseases symptoms
in the body through biological reactions, the second
complimentary approach seeks to establish a quality life for the
patient (Geddes & Bebbington, 2010). The quality and
perception of life in regards to the complimentary interventions
is believed to be at a higher position.
Additionally, the application of additional treatments such as
antidepressants in addition to antioxidants vitamins have been
advocated for in the integral method of treatment through which
various considerations such as non-responsive treatments are
considered. In an integral approach, all the practices are geared
towards a better life of a patient while curbing the effects of
schizophrenia disease. Conclusion
Based on the provided models, it is very clear that the treatment
of schizophrenia disease requires a redesign. The redesign of
the standards have been established to make sure the best
practices of the treatment are geared towards attain the best for
the patients.
Treatment of schizophrenia disorder must incorporate the
quality of life of the patient. The quality of life of patient can
be established when the antipsychotic treatment are applied in
moderation with the response of a patient. Aggressiveness of
application of the drugs must be done with moderation to avoid
22. extreme side effects of the drugs. The side effects that results
due to pharmacology treatment can lead to development of other
unhealthy conditions.
Differentiated treatments for patients. The schizophrenia
disorder is a disease which requires a differentiated approach
when in application for patients. The first-generational
(conventional) drugs and second –generation drugs are used
interchangeably according to the reaction of the patient towards
the drugs. Furthermore, the cognition help among the patients
should be differentiated in order to cover on the cognitive needs
of the patients.
Cognitive behavioral therapy and antipsychotic treatment should
go hand in hand. The embedment of this two types of treatment
for the patients allows treatment of all the positive, negative
and cognitive symptoms in an entire way. The process of
antibiotics treatment and the cognitive therapy must occur in the
same time. Hence, a patient should also facilitate a good
relationship with the doctor in order to allow good healing time.
In conclusion, treatment of schizophrenia disorder among
patients must establish best practices that has high clinical
confidence. Among them is a well and clear outlined diagnosis
process. Second, the process of antipsychotic treatment must be
taken into consideration about the acute and maintenance
phases. The difference in treatment for the two phases provides
a stability to the body. Additionally, treatment of schizophrenia
must incorporate cognition therapy which is a great utility as
compared with conventional pharmacology method. Lastly, the
process of treatment must conform to the scale provided by the
DSM-IV guideline for schizophrenia condition. Annotated
Bibliography
1. Lehman, A. F., Lieberman, J. A., Dixon, L. B., McGlashan,
T. H., Miller, A. L., Perkins, D. O., ... & Cook, I. (2014).
Practice guideline for the treatment of partients with
schizophrenia. American Journal of psychiatry, 161(2 SUPPL.).
23. This is a study paper which analyzes on the practical guidelines
in treatment of patients with schizophrenia. The study provides
a deep analysis of the various treatment approaches and the
impact they have in patient life development. It provides
various therapist scenarios for treatment of the disorder. The
paper further provides recommendations on the best way to
work with teams.
2. Geddes, J., Freemantle, N., Harrison, P., & Bebbington, P.
(2010). Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of
schizophrenia: systematic overview and meta-regression
analysis. Bmj, 321(7273), 1371-1376.
The paper is a research paper which is analytical. It evaluates
the impacts of antipsychotics treatment among the patients of
schizophrenia. The evaluation is carried out through a survey of
52 trials which then confirms that the antipsychotic treatment
effects lowering prevalence case of the disorder. The survey
justifies use of pharmacology methodology in treatment.
3. American Psychiatric Association. (2006). American
Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for the treatment of
psychiatric disorders: compendium 2006. American Psychiatric
Pub.
This is a journal that provides guideline on how the disorder
should be treated. The main consideration in the publication
points out about the need to have a strategic plan of treatment.
Additionally, it is pointed out that there is need to stick to the
plan until the disease is considered to have zero effects. It
advocates on the need to have an integrated model in treatment.
4. Harvey, P. D., & Keefe, R. S. (2011). Studies of cognitive
change in patients with schizophrenia following novel
antipsychotic treatment. American Journal of
Psychiatry, 158(2), 176-184.
24. The research establishes the purpose of cognitive therapy among
the patients. In the study, much is outlined about the purpose of
cognitive change while undertaking antipsychotic treatment.
The study provides deep information about the necessity of
having a combination of cognitive change in addition to
antipsychotic treatment.
5. Anderson, C. M., Hogarty, G. E., & Reiss, D. J. (2006).
Family treatment of adult schizophrenic patients: A psycho-
educational approach. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 6(3), 490-505.
The study seeks to elaborate on the importance of family
counselling in the process of treatment. The family is an
important unit towards realization of the better health for the
patient. The study elaborates how the education for the family is
important on how to handle the patient as part of the treatment
process. it shows the extent of influence in elimination of
stigma and discrimination
6. Marder, S. R., Essock, S. M., Miller, A. L., Buchanan, R. W.,
Casey, D. E., Davis, J. M., ... & Stroup, S. (2004). Physical
health monitoring of patients with schizophrenia. American
Journal of Psychiatry, 161(8), 1334-1349.
Considering the condition of schizophrenia has the tendency of
association with other illness, the study evaluates the impacts of
monitoring the health condition. The paper provides a
recommendation on the advantages of regular health monitoring
for the patients. The paper provides various mechanisms for
health monitoring in addition to the occurrence of monitoring
patients.
Running head: SCHIZOPHRENIA
1
25. Schizophrenia
HCS 495 Complementary & Alternative Health Capstone
Argenia L. McCray
Instructor: Erick Cervantes
October 1, 2016
- 1 -
[no notes on this page]
SCHIZOPHRENIA
2
I. Introduction/Abstract: This paper seeks to assess evidence-
based medicine when it
comes to treatment protocols, treatment guideline, and outcome
for schizophrenia. It also
intends to provide the perspective of contemporary and
alternative health (CAH),
conventional medicine (CM), and interactive medicine (IM) so
as determine new standards
for medical treatment.
A. Disease/Condition Definition – The condition in question is
26. schizophrenia.
According to contemporary and alternative health,
schizophrenia refers to a chronic
brain disorder. This medical condition brings about paranoia,
hallucination, breaking
from reality, and reduced ability when it comes to expressing
emotions or flat affect.
With regards to conventional medicine, schizophrenia is termed
as a serious disorder
that negatively impacts how an individual act, feels and think
(Elis, Caponigro, &
Kring, 2013). People who have this condition usually have
problems differentiating
what is imaginary and what is real. Such people are normally
withdrawn or
unresponsive, and they may experience problems when
expressing normal emotions in
social situations.
1. Schizophrenia is not a very common condition, but it can be
chronic and
serious. Throughout the globe, approximately percent of
population is diagnosed
with schizophrenia. About 3.2 million Americans have this
condition. This is 1.2
27. percent of the population. It is forecasted that 1.5 million
people around the world
will be diagnosed with schizophrenia this year alone. This
figure means that
100,000 people in the United States will be found with the
problem. “This
- 2 -
1
2
1. contemporary
complementary [Erick
Cervantes]
2. affect.
according to whom, this
needs a citation. [Erick
Cervantes]
SCHIZOPHRENIA
3
translates to 7.2 people per 1,000 or about 21,000 people within
28. a city of 3 million
who are likely to be suffering from schizophrenia” (Farrell et
al., 2015, p. 556).
2. During early stages of industrialization, the frequency of
schizophrenia
was very high, but this has now declined. Also, during its early
stages, it was
common among the upper class individuals, but this is now
different since it
affects even the common class. Schizophrenia has the ability to
affect a person
throughout his or her life. But many instances related to this
problem shows that it
is likely to occur during early adulthood. It is not common for
older adults and
children to develop schizophrenia, only in rear cases. Cases of
the condition now
increase in teen year, and it reaches a peak of vulnerability
between 16 and 25
years. A different pattern when it comes to the condition is
evident among men
and women. Women reach two peaks of vulnerability when it
comes to
developing this condition, that is, between 25 and 30 and
29. between 40 years while
men have a single peak, that is, between 18 and 25 years. The
ratio of male to
female with regard to this disease is 1.4 to 1. The median
lifetime morbid risk is
estimated to be 7.2 per one thousand persons (Elis et al., 2013).
There is a 2-3 fold
increased the risk of dying from this disease for people who are
suffering from it.
For all-cause mortality, the median standardized mortality ratio
is 2.6. The
differential gap in mortality has gone up over the past decades.
When a
comparison is done between immigrants and native-born,
immigrants have the
highest prevalence and incidence of schizophrenia.
3. There is small difference when one looks at the definitions of
both
contemporary and alternative health and contemporary
medicine. Contemporary
- 3 -
[no notes on this page]
30. SCHIZOPHRENIA
4
medicine defines schizophrenia in terms of behavior being
shown by a person
suffering from it. On other hand, contemporary and alternative
health looks at this
condition with regards to how it affects the brain and some of
its symptoms.
B. Assessment –So as to determine the best treatment approach
and outcome when it
comes to treatment of schizophrenia, library research will be
carried out on various
evidence-based medicine literatures that are available.
C. Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder that brings about
paranoia,
hallucination, breaking from reality, and reduced ability when it
comes to expressing
emotions. Some of the clinical care models that have been found
to treat this problem
are conventional medicine, contemporary and alternative health,
and integrative
medicine. However, there is a new model undergoing clinical
trials called
31. Glutamatergic theory
II. Review of The Evidence-Based Medicine
A. In Conventional Medical Care Model, schizophrenia is
properly treated through
medications together with psychosocial therapy. During times of
severe symptoms or
crisis period, hospitalization may be deemed necessary so as to
ensure basic hygiene,
adequate sleep, proper nutrition, and safety. Treatment is guided
by expert
schizophrenia psychiatrist. Commonly prescribed medication for
treating the condition
is antipsychotic medications. Some of the common
antipsychotic drugs are
Aripiprazole (Abilify), Clozapine (Clozaril), Asenapine
(Saphris), Lurasidone
(Latuda), Iloperidone (Fanapt), and Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
among others (Leucht et al.,
2013). They control symptom through controlling brain
neurotransmitters, such as
serotonin and dopamine. Medication is accompanied by
psychosocial interventions.
- 4 -
32. 1
2
3
1. available.
your research must address
both conventional and CAM
supported therapies and
interventions regarding
schizophrenia [Erick
Cervantes]
2. Glutamatergic theory
this is not a model, this is just
a novel approach to the
treatment of Schizophrenia.
[Erick Cervantes]
3. therapy.
what is the standard of care?
[Erick Cervantes]
33. SCHIZOPHRENIA
5
Some of these psychosocial interventions are individual
therapy, family therapy, social
skills training, and vocational rehabilitation together with
supported employment.
B. The CAH System makes use of a number of methods. There
is the use of
contemporary therapies. These are therapies that totally differ
from conventional
Western medicine. The therapies support and complement
conventional Western
medicine. They have been found to improve well-being and
enhance life. This is
because they have some effects when it comes to alleviating
mental stress. Some of
these contemporary therapies are Aromatherapy, mindfulness,
mirimiri, massage,
relaxation, exercise, yoga, hypnotherapy. The use of supplement
and medicinal or
herbal preparation also assist in treating schizophrenia
(Helgason & Sarris, 2013).
Some of supplements that have been found to be effective are
34. fish oil and vitamins. A
doctor should be contacted with regards to the use of some
supplements, herbal or
medicinal preparations.
C. Combined scientifically-based approach to treatment is used
in treating
schizophrenia when it comes to the integrative model of care.
Some of these methods
that are combined are proven conventional medicine,
pharmaceutical treatment, and
therapeutic practices (these are nutritional supplements,
lifestyle change, and herbal
remedies among others) so as to bring about maximum benefit
to a patient.
D. Conventional medicine majorly directs much attention to
dopamine since it is
arguing that dopaminergic dysfunction is among the major
symptoms. This means that
drugs are the major treatment substance (Farrell et al., 2015).
Psychosocial therapies
are given so as to deal with the side effects of drugs since the
drugs produce a number
of side effects to patients. Contemporary and alternative health
is very different from
35. - 5 -
1
2
3
4
1. employment.
Good job, you will need to be
sure to provide detail on
some of the interventions you
discuss here as well as used
by CAM providers. [Erick
Cervantes]
2. CAH
you will need to choose one
system only, this will help to
narrow your research. [Erick
Cervantes]
3. Aromatherapy,
36. mindfulness, mirimiri,
massage,
relaxation, exercise, yoga,
hypnotherapy.
please select a system of
medicine under the CAM
umbrella or a modality under
the same. [Erick Cervantes]
4. it
you have a lot information on
conventional approaches, you
must address a CAM system
with similar depth. [Erick
Cervantes]
SCHIZOPHRENIA
6
conventional medicine since it relies on traditional things and
substances. Things like
37. aromatherapy, mindfulness, mirimiri, massage, relaxation,
exercise, yoga,
hypnotherapy, supplements, and herbal or medicinal
preparations have been available
in the society for a long time and some of them were being used
even introduction of
conventional form of treatment. Integrative medicine, on the
other hand, makes use of
both conventional medicine and contemporary and alternative
health when it comes to
treating patients having schizophrenia.
Conclusion and New Models for Treatment
Schizophrenia refers to a chronic brain disorder that negatively
impacts how an individual act,
feels and think This medical condition brings about paranoia,
hallucination, breaking from
reality, and reduced ability when it comes to expressing
emotions or flat affect. This problem
affects both male and female. It is forecasted that 1.5 million
people around the world will be
diagnosed with schizophrenia this year alone. About 3.2 million
Americans have this condition.
This is 1.2 percent of the population. There are a number of
38. ways that are used to treat this
condition, among them conventional medicine, contemporary
and alternative treatment and
integrative medicine. All these methods have been proved to be
effective when it comes to
treating schizophrenia. Cases of the condition now increase in
teen year, and it reaches a peak of
vulnerability between 16 and 25 years. There is different pattern
in man and women, where
women reach two peaks of vulnerability when it comes to
developing this condition, that is,
between 25 and 30 and between 40 years while men have a
single peak, that is, between 18 and
25 years.
The glutamatergic theory is a new model that that opens a new
approach for potential treatment
of schizophrenia. This model is now entering its clinical trial.
There are similarities that have
- 6 -
[no notes on this page]
SCHIZOPHRENIA
7
39. been noted between schizophrenia and PCP psychosis. The
binding site for PCP is localized in
the ion channel that is created by NMDAR. The primary
excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
is glutamate that binds to non-NMDA and NMDA (for example
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-
methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) or metabotropic)
receptor. “Binding of PCP prevents
glutamate from activating NMDARs, which suggests that the
pathogenesis of schizophrenia may
be caused by dysfunction of NMDARs in particular or of the
glutamatergic system in general”
(Juraeva et al., 2014, p. 126).
- 7 -
[no notes on this page]
SCHIZOPHRENIA
8
III. References
Elis, O., Caponigro, J. M., & Kring, A. M. (2013). Psychosocial
treatments for negative
symptoms in schizophrenia: current practices and future
40. directions. Clinical psychology
review, 33(8), 914-928.
Farrell, M. S., Werge, T., Sklar, P., Owen, M. J., Ophoff, R. A.,
O'donovan, M. C., ... &
Sullivan, P. F. (2015). Evaluating historical candidate genes for
schizophrenia.
Molecular psychiatry, 20(5), 555-562.
Helgason, C., & Sarris, J. (2013). Mind-body medicine for
schizophrenia and psychotic
disorders: a review of the evidence. Clinical schizophrenia &
related psychoses, 7(3),
138-148.
Juraeva, D., Haenisch, B., Zapatka, M., Frank, J., Witt, S. H.,
Mühleisen, T. W., ... & Giegling, I.
(2014). Integrated pathway-based approach identifies
association between genomic
regions at CTCF and CACNB2 and schizophrenia. PLoS Genet,
10(6), e100-143.
Leucht, S., Cipriani, A., Spineli, L., Mavridis, D., Örey, D.,
Richter, F., ... & Kissling, W.
(2013). Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15
antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia:
a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. The Lancet, 382(9896),