The document discusses factors that influence wine quality, including site, climate, soil, and grape variety. It also describes the winemaking process, from harvest to bottling. Several white, red, and coloring grape varieties are mentioned. A wine's color comes from the grape skins. While some varieties like Chardonnay are used only for white wines, others may be blended to create red or white wines.

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1/ THE VINE AND THE INFLUENCE ON THE WINE QUALITY
The vine is not planted anywhere, it request some quality's criteria if you want to
obtain an optimal quality for berries.
These criteria are as followed:
THE SITE :
With a maritime, mountains, valley or plain influence, the site will be all the time choose for
his natural resources whose will allow to the vine to grow up with the best conditions.
THE CLIMATE :
Temperate climate are the more researched for the vine, because as for all plants, the
grafted vines have certain breakable things.
Best climates are these one with sun, acceptable season, with rain but not too much, with a
cold winter but not freeze-up during the spring.
Every year is not the same than the last one, the climate can change, the temperature can
be more cold, with less sun, with lot of freeze-up on the morning during the spring and the
wine is different than the last year. Each year is a different vintage, there is not two vintages
with the same characteristics.
THE SOIL :
The nature of the soil is an important element for the plantation of a quality's vineyard. The
resources of the vine are in the soil, this one gives to the vine and grapes an exclusive
typicity that you can not find elsewhere and the characters. Each soil has his exclusive
typicity.
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GENERALITIES ABOUT WINE

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There are not one best soil for the vine but there are better soil than others for the quality of
grapes.
THE PLANTED GRAPES VARIETIES :
The grape variety is the name of each specific variety of vine.
The grape variety is one of elements in the quality of the wine. It is chosen according to the
best adaptation between the soil and the climate.
THE WORK OF MEN
Intensive production in factories cannot be compared by the hard work of family owned
wineries taking much care about their vines.

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2/ THE VINIFICATION
It's the transformation of the juice into wine with different stage, each one is important.
THE HARVEST
At first, grapes are pick up with harvesters or harvesting machine, It's the harvest.
The season for the harvest is a crucial time for the winemaker, it's the result of one year of
work. If it's the nature who created the berry, it's the human with his knowledge who keep
the best of berries to elaborate wine.
THE ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
You fill up tanks with the grapes, and with a natural process, the sugar contents in the juice
transform itself into alcohol. The alcoholic fermentation is between 4 days to 7 days long.
THE MACERATION
This stage, after the alcoholic fermentation, allow to extract from berries the maximum of
aromas characteristics and permit to obtain the intensity of the color you want. Generally,
the maceration is 10 to 20 days long.
THE MATURING
It's the maturing of the wine, it's the last stage before the bottling. This maturing can be
done in tanks or in wooden barrels (oak wood). The maturing is 10 weeks to 24 months
long.
THE BOTTLING
One last operation is necessary before the bottling, it's the filtration. This process allow to
eliminate some impurities inside the wine.
It's very important that the wine is limpid, transparent, fluid.
After the filtration, the wine is directly bottled by a bottling machine.

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Then, bottles will be labeled, caped on, put in carton …….. and ready to delivery you.

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3/ THE DIFFERENT GRAPES VARIETIES
There are several grapes varieties in the world, there are classified in accordance with the
color of their skin.
THE WHITE GRAPES VARIETIES
These berries have a white pulp and a white skin.
Examples of white grapes varieties : SAUVIGNON, SEMILLON,
CHARDONNAY, RIESLING, …
THE RED GRAPES VARIETIES
These berries have a white pulp and a red skin.
Examples of red grapes varieties : CABERNET SAUVIGNON, MERLOT,
CABERNET FRANC, SHIRAZ, PINOT NOIR, …
THE COLOURING GRAPES VARIETIES
These berries have a red pulp and a red skin.
This grape variety is not used a lot, you can find it particularly in the South West of
France.
Example of colouring grape variety : Alicante Bouschet
THE WINE COLOR
It's the skin of the berry, which gives the color of the wine.
Generally a white grape variety is used to elaborate a white wine and a red grape variety is
used to elaborate red wine.
THE BLENDING OF GRAPES
Certain grapes varieties are used at 100% in the elaboration of wine, in this case the name
of the grape variety will be mostly on the label.
A red grape variety will not give all the time a red wine while a white grape variety will give
all the time white wine.
Examples: A wine issued of Merlot grape variety can not be only a red wine.

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A wine issued of Chardonnay grape variety can be only a white
wine.
The most of grapes varieties are used in blending, but in France you have to respect the
grapes varieties rule of your wine area.
But in all cases it's the winemaker who choose the % of each wine from different grapes
varieties he wants for his blending of wine. The winemaker choose according to his taste
and his affinity.
IMPORTANT : A rosé wine IS NOT ISSUED from the blending of a WHITE
WINE and RED WINE !!!

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A wine issued of Chardonnay grape variety can be only a white
wine.
The most of grapes varieties are used in blending, but in France you have to respect the
grapes varieties rule of your wine area.
But in all cases it's the winemaker who choose the % of each wine from different grapes
varieties he wants for his blending of wine. The winemaker choose according to his taste
and his affinity.
IMPORTANT : A rosé wine IS NOT ISSUED from the blending of a WHITE
WINE and RED WINE !!!