The document provides an overview of acidifiers used in pharmaceutical inorganic chemistry, detailing their types, preparation methods, properties, and applications. It categorizes acidifiers into gastric, urinary, and systemic types, describing their role in adjusting acidity levels in various body fluids. Additionally, it includes specific preparations for dilute hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride, including their assays, uses, and storage conditions.

1. PT 103 PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY(THEORY)
KUNAL DATTA
UNIT III : Gastrointestinal Agents
Acidifiers

2. Acidifiers

3. • Acidifiers or Acidifying Reagents are the
drugs which are able to increase the acidity
temporarily in GIT.
• In another words Acidifiers are inorganic
chemicals that either produce or become
acid.
• These chemicals increase the level of gastric
acid in the stomach when ingested, thus
decreasing the stomach pH.
• Systemic acidifiers given via injection
reduces the alkali accumulation in the body
and useful in reducing metabolic alkalosis.

4. Types Of Acidifiers
Mainly there are three types of acidifiers:
1.Gastric Acidifiers
2.Urinary Acidifiers
3.Systemic Acidifiers

5. Gastric Acidifiers
• Used in controlling acidic pH in stomach.

6. Urinary Acidifiers
• Used in controlling acidic pH in urine.

7. Systemic Acidifiers
• Used in controlling acidic pH of all parts of the
body.

8. Dilute Hydrochloric acid

9. Preparation
• It is prepared by adding 274 g of concentrated HCl
slowly into 726 g of purified water.
• Pungent odour
• Colorless liquid
• Fuming
• It reacts with metals and release hydrogen gas.

10. Assay
• Acid base titration reaction.
• An accurate amount about 4 g of HCl dissolved in
40 ml of water and titrated against 1 N NaOH
using methyl orange as an indicator.
• Neutralization reaction takes place.
• Methyl orange is yellow in alkali medium and it
changes to red in acid medium.

11. Uses
• It is used as an acidifier.

12. Storage
• It is stored in well closed containers.

13. Dose
• 0.6 to 8 ml

14. Ammonium Chloride

15. Preparation
• Ammonium chloride is prepared by commercial
method.
• Neutralization of Ammonia with HCl yields
Ammonium Chloride.
• The purification is done by sublimation process.

16. Properties
• Appearance :White solid, hygroscopic
• Odor: Odourless
• Taste: Cooling saline
• Density: 1.5274 g/cm3
• Melting point: 338 degree C (decomposes, sublimes)
• Solubility: free soluble in water and glycerol,
Sparingly soluble in alcohol.

17. Assay
• Acid base titration reaction.
• Dissolve 1.000 g of Ammonium chloride in 20 ml of
water and add a mixture of 5 ml of formaldehyde
solution, with few drops of phenolphthalein solution.
After 1 min to 2 min, titrate slowly with 1M sodium
hydroxide.
• Neutralization reaction takes place.
• End point is the appearance of pale permanent pink
color.

18. Assay
• Indicator is colorless in acid and pink in alkaline
medium.

19. Uses
 Ammonium chloride is used as an expectorant in cough
medicine.
 Ammonium salts are an irritant to the gastric mucosa and
may induce nausea and vomiting.
 Ammonium chloride is used as a systemic acidifying agent
in treatment of severe metabolic alkalosis.
 The main application of ammonium chloride is as a
nitrogen source in fertilizers.
 Ammonium chloride is used as a flux in preparing metals
to be tin coated, galvanized or soldered.

20. Storage
• It is stored in highly closed
containers.

21. Dose
1 to 2 gm (As systemic acidifier)
0.3 to 0.5 gm (Expectorant)

22. THANK YOU