Gagne's theory outlines five categories of learning outcomes - verbal information, intellectual skills, cognitive strategies, motor skills, and attitudes. Different types of instruction are needed for each category. The theory also describes nine events of instruction that should be followed to effectively facilitate different types of learning according to the five categories. These events include gaining attention, informing learners of objectives, stimulating recall of prior learning, presenting new material, providing guidance, eliciting performance, giving feedback, assessing performance, and enhancing retention and transfer.

1. GAGNE’S
CONDITIONS OF
LEARNING

2. Gagne’s Principles
1. Different instruction is required
for different learning outcomes.
Gagne named five categories of
learning: verbal information,
intellectual skills, cognitive strategies,
motor skills and attitudes.

3. Five Categories of Learning
Category of
Learning
Example of
Learning
Outcome
Principles of
Instructional
Verbal Information Stating previous learned
materials such as facts,
concepts, principles, and
procedures,
1. Provide meaningful
context of information
for encoding.
2. Provide elaborations,
imagery, or other
encoding cues.
3. Organize information
so that it can be
learned in chunks.

4. Five Categories of Learning
Intellectual Skills:
Discriminations,
Concrete Concepts,
Defined Concepts,
Rules, Higher Order
Rules
Discriminations:
Distinguishing objects,
features or symbols.
Concrete Concepts:
Identifying classes of
concrete objects, features
or events.
Defined Concepts:
Classifying new examples
of events or ideas by their
definition,
1. Provide varied
concrete example and
rules.
2. Provide opportunities
for interacting with
examples in different
ways.
3. Assess learners in new
situations.

5. Five Categories of Learning
Rules:
Applying a single
relationship to solve
a class of problems.
Order Rules:
Applying a new
combination of
rules to solve a
complex problem,

6. Five Categories of Learning
Cognitive Strategies Employing personal
ways to guide learning,
thinking, acting, and
feeling.
1. If the task-specific, it
describes the
strategy; if task is
general,
demonstrate the
strategy.
2. Provide
opportunities for
strategy specific
practice with support
and feedback.

7. Five Categories of Learning
Attitudes Choosing personal
actions based on
internal states of
understanding and
feeling.
1. Provide respected models
who enact positive behavior
and reinforce the model.
2. Learners enact the behavior
and provide reinforcement.

8. Five Categories of Learning
Motor Skills Executing
performances involving
the use of muscles.
1. Establish executive
subroutine for mental
rehearsal.
2. Arrange several
repetitions of skills
with correct
feedback.

9. Gagne’s Principles
2. Learning hierarchies define
what intellectual skills are to
be learned and a sequence of
instruction.
3. Events of learning operate on
the learner in ways that
constitute the conditions of
learning.

10. Gagne’s Principles
(1) Gaining attention (reception)
(2) Informing learners of the objective (expectancy)
(3) Stimulating recall of prior learning (retrieval)
(4) Presenting the stimulus (selective perception)
(5) Providing learning guidance (semantic encoding)
(6) Eliciting performance (responding)
(7) Providing feedback (reinforcement)
(8) Assessing performance (retrieval)
(9) Enhancing retention and transfer ( generalization)