This document provides information about T-tail aircraft configurations. It defines a T-tail as having horizontal control surfaces mounted to the top of the vertical stabilizer, resembling the letter T. T-tails are common on gliders and airliners with rear-mounted engines. Advantages include smoother airflow and better pitch control. Disadvantages include potential susceptibility to deep stalls and reduced low-speed control for some aircraft. Examples of planes using T-tails are listed.

1. GENERAL AVIATION:
T-TAIL
MALAYSIAN AVIATION
TRAINING ACADEMY

2. Crew
• Amir Bin Nazri
• Afiq Zulhelmi Bin Yusman
• Badrul Amin Bin Mohd Fadzir
• Muhammad Fitri Bin Mohd Fauzi
• Nik Danial Aiman Bin Nik Rahiman
• Muhammad Aidin Fitri Bin Muhammad Tahir
T-Tail

3. Example

4. T-Tail
 A T-tail is an empennage configuration in which
the horizontal surfaces (tailplane and elevators)
are mounted to the top of the vertical stabilizer.
 looks like the capital letter T when viewed from
the front or back, hence the name.
 horizontal control surfaces are mounted to the
fuselage at the base of the vertical stabilizer.
 T-tail is especially popular
on gliders.

6. Advantage
 The tailplane surfaces are kept well out of the
airflow behind the wing, giving smoother
flow, more predictable design
characteristics, and better pitch control.
 It can operating at low speed, where clean
airflow is required for control.
 T-tail configuration also allows high
performance aerodynamics and excellent
glide ratio as the empennage is not affected
by wing slipstream.

7.  The T-tail arrangement is also commonly
found on airliners with rear-mounted engines,
including trijets. The Douglas DC-9,
Bombardier CRJ200, Embraer ERJ 145,
Boeing 717, Boeing 727, Fokker 100, Vickers
VC-10, Hawker Siddeley Trident, BAC 1-11,
Tu-134, Tu-154, Il-62, and McDonnell Douglas
MD-80, McDonnell Douglas MD-90

8. Disadvantage
• The T-tail aircraft may be
Susceptible to a deep stall.
• In a deep stall, the airflow
over the horizontal tail is blanketed by the disturbed
airflow from the wings and fuselage.
• In these circumstances, elevator or stabilator
control could be diminished, making it difficult to
recover from the stall.

9.  Due to a lack of airflow over the elevator from
a forward mounted engine (piston or
turboprop), low speed control is reduced and
low speed operation is more difficult for
aircraft not designed for low speed operation.

10. Boeing 717
Boeing 727

11. Bac 1-11
Bombardier CRJ200

12. Embraer ERJ 145
Fokker

13. Hawker
Il-62

14. McDonnell Douglas MD-80
McDonnell Douglas MD-90

15. TC-JAA_Mc_Donnell_Douglas_DC-9
Trijet

16. Tu-154
Tu-134

17. Vickers VC-10

18. Video

19. 
(^^)
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