Module 2 Physic - Quick Note (CAT A1)
•Download as DOCX, PDF•
11 likes•820 views
This document covers various physics concepts including units of measurement, properties of matter, forces and motion, heat and temperature conversions. It defines important terms like density, power, strain, and specific gravity. Key concepts about atoms are described such as atomic number, mass number, isotopes, ionization, and the structure of the nucleus.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Shell Energy Balance
Mujeeb UR Rahman is a chemical engineering student at Mehran University of Engineering & Technology in Pakistan who can be found on SlideShare, ResearchGate, and Academia. The document provides an example of calculating the voltage required to cause a 10°C temperature rise in a copper wire heated by an electric current. It then asks the reader to repeat the analysis assuming the heat flux at the wall is given by Newton's law of cooling using the known heat transfer coefficient and ambient air temperature. The solution proceeds similarly but uses Newton's law of cooling to determine the second integration constant and gives the final temperature profile in terms of the surface temperature and ambient air temperature.
Transport Phenomena
This document contains information about transport phenomena including:
1. An example of calculating the time it takes for a brass kettle to empty based on the mass flow rate out of the kettle.
2. An introduction to Mujeeb UR Rahman, a chemical engineering student, and examples of where he can be found online.
3. An example problem involving calculating the chlorine concentration in a swimming pool based on inputs and outputs of water.
Anschp19
This chapter discusses the thermal properties of gases and the gas laws. It introduces concepts like the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature and amount of gas based on the ideal gas law. Several sample problems demonstrate how to use the gas laws to calculate pressure, volume, temperature or amount of gas given initial and final states. The chapter also covers the mole concept and relationships between mass, moles and molecules for different gases.
Ch.10
This document contains information about the Carnot vapor cycle and the simple Rankine cycle. It defines the key processes in each cycle, compares ideal cycles to actual cycles, and provides examples of calculating efficiency, work, heat transfer, and other parameters for steady-flow Carnot and Rankine cycles using water as the working fluid. The document emphasizes that actual vapor power cycles involve friction, pressure drops, and heat losses not present in idealized cycles.
Topic 3 kft 131
This document provides examples and exercises related to the kinetic theory of gases. It begins with an example calculating the mean and most probable speeds of CO molecules at 100°C. It then provides formulas for various gas molecule speeds and kinetic energies. The exercises provide additional examples calculating gas properties like speeds, energies, and probability distributions using the kinetic theory equations.
Topic 1 kft 131
The document provides examples of solved problems involving ideal gas laws and gas stoichiometry calculations. The problems cover a range of concepts including determining gas pressures and volumes using the ideal gas equation under different temperature and pressure conditions, calculating mole fractions and partial pressures in gas mixtures, and stoichiometric calculations involving the production and reaction of different gases.
Anschp20
This document provides a summary of key concepts from Chapter 20 on thermodynamics in a physics textbook. It includes 28 sample problems and their solutions demonstrating applications of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The problems calculate changes in internal energy, heat, and work for various thermodynamic processes including isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, and isochoric processes. The document also defines and provides examples of calculating efficiency for heat engines operating between different temperature ranges based on the Carnot cycle.
Ch.4
This document discusses the boundary work done during various thermodynamic processes involving gases and liquids in closed systems. Several examples are provided to calculate the boundary work done during processes such as compression, expansion, heating and cooling of gases and liquids. The key steps involve using the ideal gas law, gas tables, process lines on P-V and T-s diagrams to determine initial and final states, and then integrating the work equation between these states. EES software is also used in one example to plot the variation of work with pressure for a constant-pressure heating process of R-134a refrigerant.
Recommended
Shell Energy Balance
Mujeeb UR Rahman is a chemical engineering student at Mehran University of Engineering & Technology in Pakistan who can be found on SlideShare, ResearchGate, and Academia. The document provides an example of calculating the voltage required to cause a 10°C temperature rise in a copper wire heated by an electric current. It then asks the reader to repeat the analysis assuming the heat flux at the wall is given by Newton's law of cooling using the known heat transfer coefficient and ambient air temperature. The solution proceeds similarly but uses Newton's law of cooling to determine the second integration constant and gives the final temperature profile in terms of the surface temperature and ambient air temperature.
Transport Phenomena
This document contains information about transport phenomena including:
1. An example of calculating the time it takes for a brass kettle to empty based on the mass flow rate out of the kettle.
2. An introduction to Mujeeb UR Rahman, a chemical engineering student, and examples of where he can be found online.
3. An example problem involving calculating the chlorine concentration in a swimming pool based on inputs and outputs of water.
Anschp19
This chapter discusses the thermal properties of gases and the gas laws. It introduces concepts like the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature and amount of gas based on the ideal gas law. Several sample problems demonstrate how to use the gas laws to calculate pressure, volume, temperature or amount of gas given initial and final states. The chapter also covers the mole concept and relationships between mass, moles and molecules for different gases.
Ch.10
This document contains information about the Carnot vapor cycle and the simple Rankine cycle. It defines the key processes in each cycle, compares ideal cycles to actual cycles, and provides examples of calculating efficiency, work, heat transfer, and other parameters for steady-flow Carnot and Rankine cycles using water as the working fluid. The document emphasizes that actual vapor power cycles involve friction, pressure drops, and heat losses not present in idealized cycles.
Topic 3 kft 131
This document provides examples and exercises related to the kinetic theory of gases. It begins with an example calculating the mean and most probable speeds of CO molecules at 100°C. It then provides formulas for various gas molecule speeds and kinetic energies. The exercises provide additional examples calculating gas properties like speeds, energies, and probability distributions using the kinetic theory equations.
Topic 1 kft 131
The document provides examples of solved problems involving ideal gas laws and gas stoichiometry calculations. The problems cover a range of concepts including determining gas pressures and volumes using the ideal gas equation under different temperature and pressure conditions, calculating mole fractions and partial pressures in gas mixtures, and stoichiometric calculations involving the production and reaction of different gases.
Anschp20
This document provides a summary of key concepts from Chapter 20 on thermodynamics in a physics textbook. It includes 28 sample problems and their solutions demonstrating applications of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The problems calculate changes in internal energy, heat, and work for various thermodynamic processes including isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, and isochoric processes. The document also defines and provides examples of calculating efficiency for heat engines operating between different temperature ranges based on the Carnot cycle.
Ch.4
This document discusses the boundary work done during various thermodynamic processes involving gases and liquids in closed systems. Several examples are provided to calculate the boundary work done during processes such as compression, expansion, heating and cooling of gases and liquids. The key steps involve using the ideal gas law, gas tables, process lines on P-V and T-s diagrams to determine initial and final states, and then integrating the work equation between these states. EES software is also used in one example to plot the variation of work with pressure for a constant-pressure heating process of R-134a refrigerant.
13 nuclear reactions
This document discusses isotopes and nuclear reactions. It defines isotopes as atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. It also describes how atomic mass is calculated based on isotope abundances. The document then discusses four types of nuclear reactions: fusion, fission, alpha decay, and beta decay. It provides examples of writing balanced nuclear equations and calculating half-life. Artificial transmutation and uses of nuclear technology like reactors and weapons are also summarized.
Ch.12
The document discusses thermodynamic property relations for ideal gases. It provides examples of calculating changes in pressure (dP) given changes in temperature (dT) or specific volume (dv) using the ideal gas law. The examples show that for air and helium, a 1% increase in both T and v results in no net change in pressure (dP=0). The document also examines using partial derivatives to determine slopes of lines on temperature-volume and temperature-pressure diagrams for ideal gases and the van der Waals equation of state.
Ch.17
1) Sound is a small pressure wave that travels through a medium and requires a medium, unlike light which can travel through a vacuum.
2) The speed of sound in a medium depends on the properties of that medium and changes as those properties change, such as temperature.
3) The speed of sound is highest in gases with a high kR value, such as helium, and increases with increasing temperature in all gases.
193815597 the-de broglie-equation
homework help,online homework help,online tutors,online tutoring,research paper help,do my homework,
https://www.homeworkping.com/
Ch.8
The document discusses exergy, which is a measure of work potential. It provides explanations of concepts such as reversible work, irreversibility, and second-law efficiency. Several examples are given to illustrate how to calculate exergy, irreversibility, and second-law efficiency for systems involving heat transfer, work, and multiple states.
Origin of Universe (Twin)
1) The document proposes a theory of fundamental constants (F.C.) to explain the origin and evolution of the universe without violating conservation of mass-energy.
2) It suggests the universe began as a critical mass in 0D space and 1D imaginary time, which then evolved into higher dimensions governed by the factor Ω.
3) The theory links various F.C. like the Planck length, charge, and mass of particles. It argues this explains phenomena like the curvature and acceleration of the universe without need for concepts like inflation or dark energy.
Thermodynamics Hw#2
This document contains the instructions and problems for a homework assignment in a thermodynamics course. It provides details on formatting solutions, calculating work done during a gas compression process using P-V diagrams and analytically, determining final temperature in a closed system after gases mix, calculating work done during isothermal and polytropic compression processes, determining heat transfer through a wall and by radiation, and calculating energy and cost savings from improved water heater insulation. Students are to show all work and approximate answers to one significant figure.
Uslides2
This document summarizes key concepts in physics related to motion, forces, energy, and sound waves. It covers Newton's laws of motion, definitions of speed, velocity, and acceleration. It also discusses gravitational force, momentum, work, power, heat transfer, and the properties of sound waves including wavelength, frequency, and how the velocity of sound varies with temperature. Key figures discussed include Aristotle, Galileo, Newton, and their contributions to the study and understanding of motion and force.
E-book-phy1
The document provides detailed solutions to 15 physics problems. For problem 1, the summary finds the distance travelled, velocity, kinetic energy, and work done by a force acting on a particle at rest for a time t. For problem 2, the summary states the potential and electric field at the center of 4 equal point charges arranged in a square configuration. For problem 15, the summary states that a charged ball moving from a point with potential 500 V to a point at 0 V will have an initial velocity of 0.206 m/s.
A010410103
This document summarizes research on the superconducting behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). It first discusses how the transition temperature (Tc) determines a material's superconductivity and how electron-phonon interactions can induce superconductivity in CNTs due to their curvature. The document then presents a theoretical model for CNT resistivity incorporating relaxation time, Fermi velocity, and coulomb interaction. Experimental results showing superconductivity in CNT ropes/bundles at temperatures up to 15K are discussed. The conclusion is that managing electron-electron interaction to increase Fermi velocity can decrease resistivity and lead to superconductivity at low temperatures.
IB Chemistry on Energetics, Enthalpy Change and Thermodynamics
1. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from hot to cold bodies due to a temperature difference. Heat is not a form of energy but rather energy transfer, while temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles.
2. At the same temperature, different gases have the same average kinetic energy per particle despite differences in mass. Heavier particles move slower than lighter particles at the same temperature.
3. The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a substance depends on its specific heat capacity and mass. Substances with higher specific heat capacity require more heat to change their temperature.
Et ii --assignment_1.
This document contains 13 questions regarding thermodynamic cycles and processes. It asks the student to analyze ideal Rankine, reheat Rankine, regenerative Rankine, and cogeneration power cycles on T-s diagrams. Several questions involve determining efficiency, work output, heat input, mass flow rates and other key parameters for various steam power plants operating on these cycles. The student is asked to show cycle processes on diagrams and calculate values like thermal efficiency, turbine output, steam quality and mass flow rates.
Anschp17
This document summarizes key concepts about the quantity of heat from a physics textbook chapter. It provides 28 example problems calculating heat required or lost for various substances and phase changes. Some key examples involve calculating:
- Heat required to change iron's temperature from 250C to 1400C (359 kJ)
- Equilibrium temperature when 1.3 kg copper at 2000C is added to 2 kg water at 200C (30.3C)
- Heat needed to convert 2 kg ice at -250C to steam at 1000C (6.13 MJ)
- Grams of steam at 1000C needed for equilibrium at 500C when mixed with 200g water at 200C (10.2 g)
Universe (Twin)
This document proposes a theory of fundamental constants (F.C. Theory) to explain the origin and evolution of the universe:
1) It suggests that in the beginning there was nothing, until God created quanta of imaginary time (iTq) and 0-D space for critical mass (Mc) without violating mass-energy conservation.
2) The theory defines how the universe evolved from 0-D to higher dimensions based on a factor Ω, relating total density to critical density. It explains why our universe has 3 spatial dimensions and 1 time dimension.
3) Key constants like the quanta of imaginary space (iξq), Planck's constant (h), speed of light
Ch05
Diffusion is the mass transport of atoms in solids by atomic motion. There are two main mechanisms: vacancy diffusion, where atoms exchange with vacancies in the lattice, and interstitial diffusion, where smaller atoms diffuse between lattice sites. The rate of diffusion depends on factors like temperature, activation energy, and the concentration gradient. Fick's laws can be used to calculate the flux of diffusing atoms and model diffusion processes. Controlling diffusion is important for applications like alloy processing and semiconductor doping.
AFMC Physics 2000
This document contains a 50 question physics exam with multiple choice answers for each question. The questions cover topics including forces, motion, energy, electricity, optics, heat, and properties of matter. The exam tests understanding of fundamental physics concepts as well as problem solving abilities.
02 chapter 11 thermodynamics
Here are the key steps to solve this problem:
1) Mass of coke = Volume x Density = 335 ml x 1 g/ml = 335 g
2) Temperature change = Room temperature (assume 70°F) - Coke temperature (35°F) = 70°F - 35°F = 35°F
3) Heat required to change temperature of coke = Mass x Heat capacity x Temperature change
= 335 g x 1 cal/g°C x 35°F/°C
= 335 x 1 x 35 = 11,725 cal
4) Convert calories to Joules: 11,725 cal x 4184 J/cal = 49,000 J
So the number
Phys 4190 lec (3)
The document discusses the particle-wave duality in physics. It covers several key topics:
1) Early debates on the nature of light as either particles or waves, including experiments by Newton, Huygens, and Young.
2) Planck's work introducing the constant h and quantizing energy, laying foundations for quantum physics.
3) Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect supporting light behaving as particles called "light quanta".
4) De Broglie's hypothesis that all fundamental objects have both particle and wave properties, represented by his famous equation relating momentum and wavelength.
Ch.16
The document discusses chemical and phase equilibrium, including:
1) Equilibrium constants can be expressed in terms of partial pressures, Gibbs free energy, or mole numbers.
2) Reactions at equilibrium will not be affected by changes in total pressure but can be influenced by temperature changes.
3) Adding an inert gas to a reaction at equilibrium will increase the total pressure but not change the equilibrium composition.
IB Chemistry Ideal Gas Equation, Kinetic Theory and RMM determination of gas
The document discusses kinetic theory of gases and its assumptions. It explains Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve which shows the distribution of molecular speeds at a given temperature. Higher temperatures result in a wider range of molecular energies. It also discusses gas laws like Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law and how they relate to the ideal gas equation. Methods to determine relative molecular mass using the ideal gas equation are also presented.
ESAUnit2.ppt
This document discusses key concepts in physics related to motion, forces, energy, and sound. It covers Aristotle and Galileo's early contributions, followed by Newton's laws of motion and universal law of gravitation. Key topics include linear and circular motion, forces, work, energy, heat transfer, and properties of sound waves like frequency, wavelength, and the Doppler effect. Equations for acceleration, velocity, forces, energy, heat, and sound are provided alongside examples to illustrate their application.
Physical constants
This document lists many physical constants used in mechanics, molecular physics, electricity and optics, magnetics, atomic and nuclear physics, and some off-system units of measurement. It includes constants like the speed of light, gravitational constant, Boltzmann's constant, elementary charge, mass of the electron, permeability of vacuum, Planck's constant, Bohr radius, and conversions between units like years, atmospheres, bars, and ergs. The constants provide fundamental information used across several fields of physics.
More Related Content
What's hot
13 nuclear reactions
This document discusses isotopes and nuclear reactions. It defines isotopes as atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. It also describes how atomic mass is calculated based on isotope abundances. The document then discusses four types of nuclear reactions: fusion, fission, alpha decay, and beta decay. It provides examples of writing balanced nuclear equations and calculating half-life. Artificial transmutation and uses of nuclear technology like reactors and weapons are also summarized.
Ch.12
The document discusses thermodynamic property relations for ideal gases. It provides examples of calculating changes in pressure (dP) given changes in temperature (dT) or specific volume (dv) using the ideal gas law. The examples show that for air and helium, a 1% increase in both T and v results in no net change in pressure (dP=0). The document also examines using partial derivatives to determine slopes of lines on temperature-volume and temperature-pressure diagrams for ideal gases and the van der Waals equation of state.
Ch.17
1) Sound is a small pressure wave that travels through a medium and requires a medium, unlike light which can travel through a vacuum.
2) The speed of sound in a medium depends on the properties of that medium and changes as those properties change, such as temperature.
3) The speed of sound is highest in gases with a high kR value, such as helium, and increases with increasing temperature in all gases.
193815597 the-de broglie-equation
homework help,online homework help,online tutors,online tutoring,research paper help,do my homework,
https://www.homeworkping.com/
Ch.8
The document discusses exergy, which is a measure of work potential. It provides explanations of concepts such as reversible work, irreversibility, and second-law efficiency. Several examples are given to illustrate how to calculate exergy, irreversibility, and second-law efficiency for systems involving heat transfer, work, and multiple states.
Origin of Universe (Twin)
1) The document proposes a theory of fundamental constants (F.C.) to explain the origin and evolution of the universe without violating conservation of mass-energy.
2) It suggests the universe began as a critical mass in 0D space and 1D imaginary time, which then evolved into higher dimensions governed by the factor Ω.
3) The theory links various F.C. like the Planck length, charge, and mass of particles. It argues this explains phenomena like the curvature and acceleration of the universe without need for concepts like inflation or dark energy.
Thermodynamics Hw#2
This document contains the instructions and problems for a homework assignment in a thermodynamics course. It provides details on formatting solutions, calculating work done during a gas compression process using P-V diagrams and analytically, determining final temperature in a closed system after gases mix, calculating work done during isothermal and polytropic compression processes, determining heat transfer through a wall and by radiation, and calculating energy and cost savings from improved water heater insulation. Students are to show all work and approximate answers to one significant figure.
Uslides2
This document summarizes key concepts in physics related to motion, forces, energy, and sound waves. It covers Newton's laws of motion, definitions of speed, velocity, and acceleration. It also discusses gravitational force, momentum, work, power, heat transfer, and the properties of sound waves including wavelength, frequency, and how the velocity of sound varies with temperature. Key figures discussed include Aristotle, Galileo, Newton, and their contributions to the study and understanding of motion and force.
E-book-phy1
The document provides detailed solutions to 15 physics problems. For problem 1, the summary finds the distance travelled, velocity, kinetic energy, and work done by a force acting on a particle at rest for a time t. For problem 2, the summary states the potential and electric field at the center of 4 equal point charges arranged in a square configuration. For problem 15, the summary states that a charged ball moving from a point with potential 500 V to a point at 0 V will have an initial velocity of 0.206 m/s.
A010410103
This document summarizes research on the superconducting behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). It first discusses how the transition temperature (Tc) determines a material's superconductivity and how electron-phonon interactions can induce superconductivity in CNTs due to their curvature. The document then presents a theoretical model for CNT resistivity incorporating relaxation time, Fermi velocity, and coulomb interaction. Experimental results showing superconductivity in CNT ropes/bundles at temperatures up to 15K are discussed. The conclusion is that managing electron-electron interaction to increase Fermi velocity can decrease resistivity and lead to superconductivity at low temperatures.
IB Chemistry on Energetics, Enthalpy Change and Thermodynamics
1. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from hot to cold bodies due to a temperature difference. Heat is not a form of energy but rather energy transfer, while temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles.
2. At the same temperature, different gases have the same average kinetic energy per particle despite differences in mass. Heavier particles move slower than lighter particles at the same temperature.
3. The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a substance depends on its specific heat capacity and mass. Substances with higher specific heat capacity require more heat to change their temperature.
Et ii --assignment_1.
This document contains 13 questions regarding thermodynamic cycles and processes. It asks the student to analyze ideal Rankine, reheat Rankine, regenerative Rankine, and cogeneration power cycles on T-s diagrams. Several questions involve determining efficiency, work output, heat input, mass flow rates and other key parameters for various steam power plants operating on these cycles. The student is asked to show cycle processes on diagrams and calculate values like thermal efficiency, turbine output, steam quality and mass flow rates.
Anschp17
This document summarizes key concepts about the quantity of heat from a physics textbook chapter. It provides 28 example problems calculating heat required or lost for various substances and phase changes. Some key examples involve calculating:
- Heat required to change iron's temperature from 250C to 1400C (359 kJ)
- Equilibrium temperature when 1.3 kg copper at 2000C is added to 2 kg water at 200C (30.3C)
- Heat needed to convert 2 kg ice at -250C to steam at 1000C (6.13 MJ)
- Grams of steam at 1000C needed for equilibrium at 500C when mixed with 200g water at 200C (10.2 g)
Universe (Twin)
This document proposes a theory of fundamental constants (F.C. Theory) to explain the origin and evolution of the universe:
1) It suggests that in the beginning there was nothing, until God created quanta of imaginary time (iTq) and 0-D space for critical mass (Mc) without violating mass-energy conservation.
2) The theory defines how the universe evolved from 0-D to higher dimensions based on a factor Ω, relating total density to critical density. It explains why our universe has 3 spatial dimensions and 1 time dimension.
3) Key constants like the quanta of imaginary space (iξq), Planck's constant (h), speed of light
Ch05
Diffusion is the mass transport of atoms in solids by atomic motion. There are two main mechanisms: vacancy diffusion, where atoms exchange with vacancies in the lattice, and interstitial diffusion, where smaller atoms diffuse between lattice sites. The rate of diffusion depends on factors like temperature, activation energy, and the concentration gradient. Fick's laws can be used to calculate the flux of diffusing atoms and model diffusion processes. Controlling diffusion is important for applications like alloy processing and semiconductor doping.
AFMC Physics 2000
This document contains a 50 question physics exam with multiple choice answers for each question. The questions cover topics including forces, motion, energy, electricity, optics, heat, and properties of matter. The exam tests understanding of fundamental physics concepts as well as problem solving abilities.
02 chapter 11 thermodynamics
Here are the key steps to solve this problem:
1) Mass of coke = Volume x Density = 335 ml x 1 g/ml = 335 g
2) Temperature change = Room temperature (assume 70°F) - Coke temperature (35°F) = 70°F - 35°F = 35°F
3) Heat required to change temperature of coke = Mass x Heat capacity x Temperature change
= 335 g x 1 cal/g°C x 35°F/°C
= 335 x 1 x 35 = 11,725 cal
4) Convert calories to Joules: 11,725 cal x 4184 J/cal = 49,000 J
So the number
Phys 4190 lec (3)
The document discusses the particle-wave duality in physics. It covers several key topics:
1) Early debates on the nature of light as either particles or waves, including experiments by Newton, Huygens, and Young.
2) Planck's work introducing the constant h and quantizing energy, laying foundations for quantum physics.
3) Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect supporting light behaving as particles called "light quanta".
4) De Broglie's hypothesis that all fundamental objects have both particle and wave properties, represented by his famous equation relating momentum and wavelength.
Ch.16
The document discusses chemical and phase equilibrium, including:
1) Equilibrium constants can be expressed in terms of partial pressures, Gibbs free energy, or mole numbers.
2) Reactions at equilibrium will not be affected by changes in total pressure but can be influenced by temperature changes.
3) Adding an inert gas to a reaction at equilibrium will increase the total pressure but not change the equilibrium composition.
IB Chemistry Ideal Gas Equation, Kinetic Theory and RMM determination of gas
The document discusses kinetic theory of gases and its assumptions. It explains Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve which shows the distribution of molecular speeds at a given temperature. Higher temperatures result in a wider range of molecular energies. It also discusses gas laws like Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law and how they relate to the ideal gas equation. Methods to determine relative molecular mass using the ideal gas equation are also presented.
What's hot (20)
IB Chemistry on Energetics, Enthalpy Change and Thermodynamics
IB Chemistry on Energetics, Enthalpy Change and Thermodynamics
IB Chemistry Ideal Gas Equation, Kinetic Theory and RMM determination of gas
IB Chemistry Ideal Gas Equation, Kinetic Theory and RMM determination of gas
Similar to Module 2 Physic - Quick Note (CAT A1)
ESAUnit2.ppt
This document discusses key concepts in physics related to motion, forces, energy, and sound. It covers Aristotle and Galileo's early contributions, followed by Newton's laws of motion and universal law of gravitation. Key topics include linear and circular motion, forces, work, energy, heat transfer, and properties of sound waves like frequency, wavelength, and the Doppler effect. Equations for acceleration, velocity, forces, energy, heat, and sound are provided alongside examples to illustrate their application.
Physical constants
This document lists many physical constants used in mechanics, molecular physics, electricity and optics, magnetics, atomic and nuclear physics, and some off-system units of measurement. It includes constants like the speed of light, gravitational constant, Boltzmann's constant, elementary charge, mass of the electron, permeability of vacuum, Planck's constant, Bohr radius, and conversions between units like years, atmospheres, bars, and ergs. The constants provide fundamental information used across several fields of physics.
Thermodynamics-PART-1-updated.pptx
This document provides an overview of basic thermodynamics concepts including:
- Fluid properties such as density, specific gravity, specific weight, and viscosity.
- Laws of thermodynamics including conservation of energy and decreasing quality of energy.
- Equations for calculating density, specific gravity, specific weight, specific volume, and examples of problems solving for these properties.
Science-formulae.pdf
This document contains definitions and formulas from various areas of science. It defines key terms like matter, molecules, atoms, nuclei, and electronic configuration. It also covers topics such as materials, redox reactions, ions, and measurement units. Formulas are provided for concepts like energy, charge, momentum, frequency, and more. Laws of motion and formulas for moles, wavelength, and other scientific concepts are also listed.
System of Units
System of Units, SI, standard international, british, cgs, fps, temperature, pressure, gas constant, Boyle's law
Gen-Chem110-Ch01
This document provides an overview of key concepts in chemistry including:
- Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Common types of matter include elements, compounds, and mixtures.
- Energy is the ability to do work or transfer heat and exists in various forms like chemical, thermal, nuclear, and electrical.
- Chemical and physical properties can be used to describe matter. Chemical properties involve changes in composition while physical properties can be observed without composition changes.
- Important concepts in chemistry include the laws of conservation of mass and energy, the relationship between matter and energy described by Einstein's equation E=mc2, and endothermic and exothermic reactions. Measurements involve units, significant figures, and conversions between
Measurement.pptx
This document discusses measurement and the International System of Units (SI). It provides definitions for the seven base units of the SI system - meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela. It also discusses derived units such as area, volume, acceleration, force, and pressure which are calculated from combinations of the base units. Finally, it provides examples of unit conversions between the SI units and other common units.
Thermo problem set no. 1
This document contains 20 multiple choice problems related to mechanical engineering. The problems cover topics such as fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, heat transfer, and other mechanical engineering principles. They involve calculations related to things like tank volumes, pressure differences, flow rates, heat transfer between substances, and more. The questions provide relevant equations, known values, and ask the reader to determine unknown values or temperatures based on the given information.
Taks review obj 5 with answers
1) The document provides calculations for force (894 N), acceleration (9.93 m/s^2), kinetic energy (50J), velocity (10 m/s), momentum, work (22782.06 J), and power using various physics equations.
2) It identifies that the pairs of interacting objects in different scenarios involving a rocket are the rocket and exhaust gases, exhaust gases and air, and gravity, rocket exhaust, and friction.
3) It states that compression waves are most clearly seen in longitudinal waves like a slinky where the coils are close together.
AP Physics 1 Equations
This document provides equations, constants, and other information relevant to the Advanced Placement Physics 1 exam. It includes equations for mechanics, electricity, waves, geometry, and trigonometry. Constants are given for quantities like the speed of light, Coulomb's constant, and gravitational acceleration. Unit symbols and prefixes are defined. Values are provided for trigonometric functions of common angles.
Quantities, Units, Order of Magnitude, Estimations.pptx
1. The document discusses physical quantities and units in the International System of Units (SI), including base units like meters, kilograms, and seconds.
2. It describes scientific notation and prefixes like milli, centi, and kilo that are used to indicate multiples or fractions of units.
3. Examples are provided for estimating quantities by their order of magnitude rather than precise values, such as distances in the solar system or ages of astronomical objects.
Factoresdeconversion fisicoquimica
This document provides information on units in the International System of Units (SI) including units for length, mass, time, temperature, and amount of substance. It also lists derived units such as force, pressure, energy, and power. Conversion factors are given for length, mass, volume, force, pressure, energy, power, amount of substance, and temperature. The document also includes the universal gas constant and its values in various units as well as the standard acceleration of gravity in different units.
Factoresdeconversion 1935
This document provides tables of units and conversion factors for the International System of Units (SI) including length, mass, time, temperature, and other derived units like force, pressure, and energy. It lists common units like meters, kilograms, seconds as well as derived units with their definitions. Conversion factors are provided to convert between common units like centimeters to inches, kilograms to pounds, meters to feet. Conversion factors are also listed for temperature, energy, power, force, pressure, and amount of substance.
1 University Physics 15th Edition.pdf
This document provides a table of contents for a physics textbook covering topics in mechanics, waves/acoustics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, optics, and modern physics. It includes 44 chapters organized into these core subject areas, as well as appendices with units conversions, mathematical relations, and other reference materials. The document highlights that the new 15th edition of the textbook aims to help students develop expert problem-solving skills through guided practice that connects worked examples in the text to related homework and exam problems. This is intended to address a common challenge where students focus on surface features of problems rather than recognizing the underlying principles.
Topic 4 kft 131
The document provides examples and exercises on collision theory and gas kinetics. It defines key terms like collision frequency, collision density, collision flux, and mean free path. It gives examples of calculating these values for different gases in various conditions. The exercises ask the reader to calculate collision properties for gases like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and others at different temperatures and pressures.
problemas resueltos
1. This document summarizes key concepts from a chapter on basic considerations in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. It defines concepts such as density, pressure, power, energy, mass flux, and flow rate using mathematical equations involving mass, length, time, and other fundamental units.
2. The document also discusses dimensional analysis and demonstrates how to determine the dimensions of physical quantities like force, viscosity, heat flux, and specific heat. Dimensional equations are derived and simplified to fundamental units.
3. Examples are provided for performing unit conversions between the English and SI systems. Problems are also presented and solved for determining values like density, pressure, and flow rates using the defined equations and given data.
Agroklimatologi 7
This document discusses concepts related to atmospheric climate including:
1. It provides equations for calculating barometric pressure, temperature, and density at different heights above sea level.
2. It explains concepts like water vapor pressure, absolute humidity, mixing ratio, specific humidity, and relative humidity. Formulas are given for calculating each of these.
3. An example calculation is shown that determines values like vapor pressure, dew point temperature, relative humidity, specific humidity, mixing ratio, and vapor pressure deficit based on measurements from a psychrometer.
Chapter 1(2)INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS
The document discusses fundamental units in classical mechanics and provides examples of physical quantities measured in SI units. It introduces the seven base units of the International System of Units (SI) - meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela. Derived units like newton, joule, watt, and ohm are also mentioned. Standard prefixes are defined to denote multiples of ten when measuring very large or small quantities.
Fc025 w5 seminar_solutions_2
1. The document provides solutions to 13 fluid mechanics questions involving calculations of weight, pressure, force, flow rate, and other fluid properties.
2. Key concepts covered include relationships between pressure, density, height, volume, force, weight, and flow measurements.
3. Various conversion factors are provided and used in the calculations such as between psi and kPa or ft and m.
Unitconversion table
1. The document provides conversions between common English and SI units for length, volume, mass, force, pressure, energy, temperature, and viscosity.
2. It also lists several important physical constants in SI units, such as standard temperature and pressure, gravitational acceleration, the gas constant, and material properties of air and water.
3. The conversions and constants are useful references for engineering and science applications involving unit conversions and thermodynamic calculations.
Similar to Module 2 Physic - Quick Note (CAT A1) (20)
Quantities, Units, Order of Magnitude, Estimations.pptx
Quantities, Units, Order of Magnitude, Estimations.pptx
More from Nik Danial Aiman
M7 Maintenance Practices essay (CAT A1)
The document provides information on various aircraft maintenance procedures and tasks. It discusses rivet replacement, component life control, additional maintenance like washing and painting, quality control inspections, interfacing maintenance with operations, certification and release procedures, storage procedures, modification processes, maintenance planning, abnormal events like heavy landings and lightning strikes, inspection procedures, corrosion control, jacking, towing, taxiing, and aircraft storage. The document serves as a reference for approved technicians to properly perform maintenance in accordance with regulations.
Mathematics c ircle
The document discusses formulas for calculating the area of a sector of a circle. It explains that the area of a sector is proportional to the central angle subtended, and provides the formula for calculating sector area given the radius and central angle. Examples are given for calculating sector area, radius given area and central angle, and central angle given radius and area. The document also provides the formula for calculating the area of a full circle.
Ga t tail
This document provides information about T-tail aircraft configurations. It defines a T-tail as having horizontal control surfaces mounted to the top of the vertical stabilizer, resembling the letter T. T-tails are common on gliders and airliners with rear-mounted engines. Advantages include smoother airflow and better pitch control. Disadvantages include potential susceptibility to deep stalls and reduced low-speed control for some aircraft. Examples of planes using T-tails are listed.
Control surface
Spoilers are located on the top portion of wings and can be used to slow aircraft during flight and descent by disturbing the airstream and increasing drag while decreasing lift. When landing, pilots will deploy the spoilers after touch down to kill lift and make braking more efficient on the ground. Spoilers on only one wing can also induce rolling motion during flight.
Spruce goose 2
1. The document is an assignment on various English terminology and concepts. It includes definitions of words like skim, scan, implicit, and sequence.
2. It also defines new words learned by the student like scrapped, financial, brief, enormous, and demanding. Examples are provided for each new word.
3. The summary recaps the key points about the development of the Spruce Goose plane from 1942-1977, including its innovative design, high costs, and eventual preservation in a museum.
Mathematics circle
The document discusses formulas for calculating the area of a sector of a circle. It states that the area of a sector is proportional to the central angle subtended, and provides the formula to calculate sector area given the radius and central angle. Examples are given of finding the radius given the sector area and central angle, and calculating the area of a specific sector using the given radius and a diagram. Formulas for finding the area of a full circle and the circumference are also stated.
Recorder song collection
The document contains musical notation for several songs and requests that all G# notes be changed to F#. It includes snippets of notation for the songs "I Got a Feeling", "Waka Waka", "Shin Chan", and "Doraemon" with the G# notes that should be changed highlighted.
Sheikh muszaphar
This document provides biographical information about Malaysian astronaut Dato' Dr. Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor. It details his educational and professional background as a medical doctor, his selection for and training in the Angkasawan spaceflight program, his 2007 mission to the International Space Station where he conducted medical experiments, and his significance as an inspiration to the author. The author recounts meeting Dr. Sheikh Muszaphar and his family in 2008.
More from Nik Danial Aiman (13)
Recently uploaded
ISPM 15 Heat Treated Wood Stamps and why your shipping must have one
For International shipping and maritime laws all wood must contain the ISPM 15 Stamp. Here is how and why.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Computational Engineering IITH Presentation
This Presentation will give you a brief idea about what Computational Engineering at IIT Hyderabad has to offer.
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
LLM Fine Tuning with QLoRA Cassandra Lunch 4, presented by Anant
Slides for the 4th Presentation on LLM Fine-Tuning with QLoRA Presented by Anant, featuring DataStax Astra
Hematology Analyzer Machine - Complete Blood Count
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Recently uploaded (20)
Engineering Drawings Lecture Detail Drawings 2014.pdf
Engineering Drawings Lecture Detail Drawings 2014.pdf
ISPM 15 Heat Treated Wood Stamps and why your shipping must have one
ISPM 15 Heat Treated Wood Stamps and why your shipping must have one
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
LLM Fine Tuning with QLoRA Cassandra Lunch 4, presented by Anant
LLM Fine Tuning with QLoRA Cassandra Lunch 4, presented by Anant
Hematology Analyzer Machine - Complete Blood Count
Hematology Analyzer Machine - Complete Blood Count
john krisinger-the science and history of the alcoholic beverage.pptx
john krisinger-the science and history of the alcoholic beverage.pptx
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
Manufacturing Process of molasses based distillery ppt.pptx
Manufacturing Process of molasses based distillery ppt.pptx
Introduction to AI Safety (public presentation).pptx
Introduction to AI Safety (public presentation).pptx
Module 2 Physic - Quick Note (CAT A1)
- 1. Module 2 PHYSIC CAT A DCAM/ EASA Part 66
- 2. (1000kg/m) F=ma Acceleration= 𝑉2 –𝑉1 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 Strain= 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖 𝑜 𝑛 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ SpecificGravity= 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 Power= 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 (𝐽) 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 Density= 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 Gravity=9.8 Temperature BoilingPoint Freeze Absolute zero Celcius 100 0 -273 Kelvin 373 273 0 Fahrenheit 212 32 -460 ℃ = 5 9 (𝐹 − 32) ℉ = 9 5 𝐶 + 32 K = C+273 W=mg 1 Joule =1Nm Sea Level 14.7 Psi 10.13 millibar Electronpershell = 2n2 1kg = 2.2lbs (pound) 8 pint= 1 gallon= 4.55 litre 1 slug= 14.59kg Length = Metre Atom = smallest Mass = Kg Molecule = > atom Time = Second Current = Ampere Matter = Space + mass Scalar = magnitude (Time) Vector = Magnitude + Duration (velocity)
- 3. Electron Proton Neutron Nucleus/Nucleon AtomicNumber= ProtonNumber(Z) Mass Number = Proton + Neutron Or Nucleus (A) 2 Differentelement Mixture=Physical separated Compound= chemically separated Valence Electron=Electronon outerShell Nucleus=Proton + neutron (Nucleon) ISOTOPE -Same element/proton -DifferentnumberNeutron ↑ 𝑁𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 = ↑ 𝐴𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 IONIZATION Atomlose/gainelectron Anion=Atomreceive (-) Cation=AtomDonate (+) Mass Neutron(neutral) 1 Proton (+) 1 Electron (-) 1/1850 + MUST!! PROTON = ELECTRON 1 → 3 4 5 → 8 Donate Electron Receive Electron Covalent bond =Share Electron + IF VALENCEELECTRON Molecule Sticktogether Adhesive=Unlike molecule Cohesion=like molecule Name valence electron 1 Monovalent 2 Divalent 3 Trivalent 4 Tetravalent 5 Pentavalent 6 hexavalent Boiling or Evaporate Boiling =Whole Evaporate=surfaceonly Tension= Pull apart Torsion= Twist Shear= Slide overanother Compression=Force on eachother Bending Elastic= Returnto original Brittle = tendancytoshatter Ductile = Deformwithourbreaking Viscous= Deformsteadilyunderstress Archimedes Force equal to Weightof displacedfluid