F.W. Taylor's scientific management theory proposed four principles: 1) replacing rule-of-thumb work methods with standardized tasks based on a scientific study of motions, 2) selecting workers based on capability and training them, 3) cooperating with workers to ensure tasks are performed efficiently and harmoniously, and 4) using differential rates to motivate workers. Taylor advocated for techniques like functional foremanship, standardization, work study including method study and fatigue study, and a differential wage system to increase worker productivity. His theory focused on maximizing efficiency in production through applying scientific principles to management.