IS A PRESENTATION

1. Principles of Management

2. WELCOME TO MY PRESENTATION

3. Presented by:
Malaika Rehman
Ahsan khan
Bilal Habib
Insha Zafar
Ahtisham ud Din

4. Management Thinker:
Frederick Winslow Taylor

5. INTRODUCTION
Frederick Winslow Taylor
 Born on march 20, 1856, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
 Study 2 years in France and Germany.
 In 1978, at Midvale Steel started work as labour
 Give the idea higher production and creation.
 Known as the father of scientific management and industrial
engineering.

6. Cont…
 Taylor summed up his efficiency techniques in his book- THE
PRINCIPLE OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT in 1911.
 In 2001, academy of management voted The most influent
management book of 20th century.
 Died on march 21, 1915, Philadelphia ,USA.

7. MANAGEMENT THEORY BY TAYLOR
 Analyzing the work- one best way to do it .
 He is remembered for developing time and motion study .
 He would break a job into parts and measure each of 100th of a
minute .
 The effort of his disciples [most notably H.L.GANTT] made the
industry to implement these ideas.

8. Scientific Management
 Scientific management [also called Taylorism or the taylor system ]
is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes
workflows , improving labour productivity .
 Scientific management focus on worker and machine relationship.

9. PRINCIPLES

10. Science not rule of thumb
 Rule of thumb decisions are based on personal
judgements of the manager
 Taylor insisted upon scientific method for
every small work
 Standard required time and standard output
should be defined
 Help in saving time and human energy

11. Harmony not Discord
 There should be a link between the
employees and the management
 Help in minimizing conflicts
 Help in creating healthy work enviroment
 Both should realize both are important

12. COOPERATION, NOT INDIVIDUVALISM
 This principle is the extension of second principle.
 Competition must be replaced by cooperation . Both should realise
that they need each other .
 Workers should be rewarded for their suggestions.
 According to him there should be an almost be an almost equal
division of work and responsibility between workers and
management.

14. DEVELOPMENT OF EACH AND EVERY PERSON
TO HIS OR HER GREATEST EFFICIENCY AND
PROSPERITY
 Industrial efficiency depends on individual competencies.
 Worker training was essential also to develop workers.
 Taylor was of the view that the concern of efficiency could be built
in right in the process of employee selection.

15. TECHNIQUES
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

16. Techniques of Scientific Management
1. Functional Foremanship
2. Standardization
3. Method Study
4. Time Study
5. Fatigue Study
6. Motion Study
7. Differential Piece Wage System

17. Functional Foremanship
 Taylor advocated separation of planning and execution function . This concept
was extended to the lowest level of shop floor.
 Under factory manager there was a planning incharge and production incharge.
 Under planning incharge there are instruction card clerk , route clerk ,time and
cost clerk , disciplination.
 Under production incharge there are speedboss, gangboss, repairboss,
inspector.
 Foreman should have qualities of intelligence, honesty, good health etc . As
these all qualities cannot be seen in person they were given posts depending
upon his/her capabilities.

19. Standardization
 It implies the physical attitude of products should be such that it
meets the requirements and needs of customers.
 Taylor advocated that tools and equipments as well as working
condition should be standradized to achive standard output from
workers.
 Standardization is a means of achieving ecnomics of production.
 Standard performance are established for workers at all levels.

20. Method Study
 Different methods to perform a task
 Minimize the cost and maximize the efficiency

21. Time Study
 It is technique which enables the manager to ascertain standard time
taken for performing a specified job .
 This technique is based on the study of an average worker having
reasonable skill and ability .
 Average worker is selected and assigned the job and then with the help
of a stop watch, time is ascertained for performing that particular job .

22. Fatigue Study
 There is always need a Rest interval
 Decided with the help of scientific approach
 Average time of fatigue is calculated

23. Motion Study
 In this study , movement of body and limbs required to perform a job are closely
observed .
 In other words, it refers to the study of movement of an operator on machine
involved in a particular task.
 The purpose of motion study is to eliminate useless motions and determine the best
way of doing the job .
 Motion study increase the efficiency and produvctivity of workers by cutting down all
wasteful motions.

24. DIFFERENTIAL PIECE WAGE
SYSTEM
 This tech wage payment is based on efficiency of
worker.
 The efficient workers are paid more wages than
inefficient one.
 This system is a source of incentive to workers who
improving their efficiency in order to get more wages
 It also encourages inefficient workers to improve their
performance and achieve their standards.

25. CRITICISM OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
 His principles were mostly confined to production management .
He ignored other functional areas of mangagement like finance,
marketing, personal and accounting .
 His functional foremanship violates the principle of unity of
command.