Future Programming Languages

The Future of
Programming Languages

Alcides Fonseca
Também lança búzios
e cura mau olhado.

Monday, November 14, 11

Disclaimer

These opinions are my own and may not
reﬂect future events.


Roadmap


Roadmap
Why is language X successful?


Roadmap

Systems


Roadmap

Systems

Java.Next


Roadmap

Systems

Java.Next

Browser


Roadmap

Systems

Java.Next

Browser

Parallel


Roadmap

Systems

Java.Next

Browser

Parallel

DSL


Roadmap

Systems

Java.Next

Browser

Parallel

DSL

Esoteric


Why is language X
successful?


Why is language X
successful?
• Portability (C, Java, Python, ...)


Why is language X
successful?

• Abstraction and Simplicity (Java, Python)


Why is language X
successful?


• Killer app/framework (Ruby)


Why is language X
successful?



• Batteries Included (Python, Matlab)


Why is language X
successful?




• Tooling (VB, Java)


Why is language X
successful?




• Tooling (VB, Java)

• Company Support (VB, C#, ABAP)


Systems


Rust


Rust

•No null


Rust

•No null
•Closures


Rust

•No null
•Closures
•Blocks


Rust

•No null
•Closures
•Blocks
•Generics w/ Type Inference


Rust

•No null
•Closures
•Blocks
•Generics w/ Type Inference
•Crates


Plaid


Plaid

•Lambdas


Plaid

•Lambdas
•Closures


Plaid

•Lambdas
•Closures
•Access Permissions


Plaid

•Lambdas
•Closures
• immutable, unique, full


Plaid

•Lambdas
•Closures
• immutable, unique, full
•Pattern Matching


Rust vs Plaid


Rust vs Plaid
Research-level


Rust vs Plaid
Company-supported Research-level


Rust vs Plaid
C/LLVM


Rust vs Plaid
C/LLVM JVM


Rust vs Plaid
C/LLVM JVM
Verbose on permissions


Rust vs Plaid
C/LLVM JVM
Limited on permissions Verbose on permissions


Rust vs Plaid
C/LLVM JVM
Crates


Rust vs Plaid
C/LLVM JVM
Crates

Rust vs C


Java.next()


ATM


ATM
• JRuby


ATM
• JRuby
• Mirah (Duby)


ATM
• JRuby
• Mirah (Duby)
• Gosu


ATM
• JRuby
• Mirah (Duby)
• Gosu
• Scala


Kotlin
By Jetbrains


Kotlin
• Reiﬁed Generics
By Jetbrains


Kotlin
By Jetbrains
• Nullables


Kotlin
By Jetbrains
• Nullables
• Type Inference


Kotlin
By Jetbrains
• Nullables
• Type Inference
• Pattern Matching


Kotlin
By Jetbrains
• Nullables
• Type Inference
• Extension Functions


Kotlin
By Jetbrains
• Nullables
• Type Inference
Only with support from other
IDEs


Xtend
By Eclipse


Xtend
By Eclipse

• Multi dispatch (visitor)


Xtend
By Eclipse

• Multi dispatch (visitor)

Only with a great framework


Ceylon
By Redhat


Ceylon
By Redhat
• Syntax similar to Java


Ceylon
By Redhat
• Tree-like DSLs


Ceylon
By Redhat
• Tree-like DSLs
• Better macro/annotations


Ceylon
By Redhat
• Tree-like DSLs
• Better macro/annotations

No chance


Java.next conclusions


• Java.next needs good tooling


• There are too many choices


• They are all similar



Java 8



Java 8 Scala for niches


Browser


Harmony


Dart
By Google


Dart vs Harmony


Dart vs Harmony
• Tooling


Dart vs Harmony
• Tooling
• Other browsers


Dart vs Harmony
• Tooling
• Other browsers
• Complex projects


Dart vs Harmony
• Tooling
• Other browsers
• Fast operations


Dart vs Harmony
• Tooling
• Other browsers
• Fast operations
Language heterogeneity


Parallel languages


Fortress


Fortress

Wrong development approach


Parasail
for Phil in Philosopher_Index concurrent loop
const Left_Fork := Phil;
const Right_Fork := Phil mod Num_Phils + 1;
while True loop // Until overall timer terminates procedure
Display(Context.IO.Standard_Output,
"Philosopher " | Phil | " is thinkingn");
Delay(Clock, Next(Context.Random)); // Think
then
Pick_Up_Fork(Forks[Left_Fork], #is_left_fork);
||
Pick_Up_Fork(Forks[Right_Fork], #is_right_fork);
then
"Philosopher " | Phil | " is eatingn");
Delay(Clock, Next(Context.Random)); // Eat
then
Put_Down_Fork(Forks[Left_Fork]);
||
Put_Down_Fork(Forks[Right_Fork]);
end loop;
end loop;
end procedure Dinner_Party;


Parasail
for Phil in Philosopher_Index concurrent loop
const Left_Fork := Phil;
const Right_Fork := Phil mod Num_Phils + 1;
while True loop // Until overall timer terminates procedure
"Philosopher " | Phil | " is thinkingn");
Delay(Clock, Next(Context.Random)); // Think
then
Pick_Up_Fork(Forks[Left_Fork], #is_left_fork);
||
Pick_Up_Fork(Forks[Right_Fork], #is_right_fork);
then
"Philosopher " | Phil | " is eatingn");
Delay(Clock, Next(Context.Random)); // Eat
then
Put_Down_Fork(Forks[Left_Fork]);
||
Put_Down_Fork(Forks[Right_Fork]);
end loop;
end loop;
end procedure Dinner_Party; Syntax + Tooling


Æminium
val (immutable Integer >> immutable Integer) ->
immutable Integer fib =
fn (immutable Integer >> immutable Integer n) => {
match (n <= 2) {
case True {
1;
}
case False {
fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);
} outside/inside RW R
}
};
- unique unique

R full immutable

RW share pure


Æminium
val (immutable Integer >> immutable Integer) ->
immutable Integer fib =
fn (immutable Integer >> immutable Integer n) => {
match (n <= 2) {
case True {
1;
}
case False {
fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);
} outside/inside RW R
}
};
- unique unique

R full immutable
Hard to write RW share pure


DSLs


Opa
broadcast(author) =
do Network.broadcast({~author text=Dom.get_value(#entry)}, room)
Dom.clear_value(#entry)

start() =
author = Random.string(8)
<div id=#header><div id=#logo></></>
<div id=#conversation onready={_ -> Network.add_callback(user_update, room)}></>
<div id=#footer>
<input id=#entry onnewline={_ -> broadcast(author)} />
<div class="button" onclick={_ -> broadcast(author)}>Post</>
</>

server = Server.one_page_bundle("Chat", [@static_resource_directory("resources")],
["resources/css.css"], start)


Opa
broadcast(author) =
do Network.broadcast({~author text=Dom.get_value(#entry)}, room)
Dom.clear_value(#entry)

start() =
author = Random.string(8)
<div id=#header><div id=#logo></></>
<div id=#conversation onready={_ -> Network.add_callback(user_update, room)}></>
<div id=#footer>
<input id=#entry onnewline={_ -> broadcast(author)} />
<div class="button" onclick={_ -> broadcast(author)}>Post</>
</>

server = Server.one_page_bundle("Chat", [@static_resource_directory("resources")],
["resources/css.css"], start)

Hard to separate concerns


Frink
(6 years + 9 months)


Frink

tw[v0, alpha, h0 = 1 meter, hw = 10 fe
et, g=gravity] :=
{
   vy0 = v0 sin[alpha]
   radical = (2 g (h0 - hw) + vy0^2)

   if (radical < 0 mph^2)
      return["No solution"]

   radical = radical^(1/2)

   return [(vy0 - radical)/
g, (vy0 + radical)/g]
}


Frink

tw[v0, alpha, h0 = 1 meter, hw = 10 fe
et, g=gravity] :=
{
   vy0 = v0 sin[alpha]
   radical = (2 g (h0 - hw) + vy0^2)

   if (radical < 0 mph^2)
      return["No solution"]

   radical = radical^(1/2)

   return [(vy0 - radical)/
Best calculator ever!
g, (vy0 + radical)/g]
}


Magpie


Magpie
• Dynamic language (Similar to Mirah)


Magpie
• Multi-methods


Magpie
• Multi-methods
• Syntax extensions


Magpie
• Multi-methods
• Syntax extensions

Too dynamic


OMeta


OMeta

Great for DSLs


Esoteric


Wheeler


Wheeler

?!?!


Clay


Clay

Winner


C will not die
anytime soon.


Thank you

Alcides Fonseca
http://alcidesfonseca.com


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