Fungi are studied for several key reasons: (1) they play an important role in maintaining life on Earth; (2) they are extremely useful in industry and have great potential for future applications; and (3) as one of the oldest eukaryotic lifeforms, they serve as important model organisms for studying genetics.

1. fungal
genetics

2. Fungi are eukaryotes, just like animals and plants. Although they have the
same basic genetic structures as do animals and plants, there are some
differences arising from the fungal lifestyle that need special explanation,
which is one reason why they merit special study. There are other reasons
that make fungi worthy of investigation in their own right, however, which
we will explain in what follows. In summary, these reasons are: (1) the part
played by fungi in nature make them crucially important to the maintenance of
life on Earth; (2) they are enormously useful to us in industry right now, and
they have an enormous potential for us to exploit in the future;
and (3) as probably the oldest line of eukaryotes, they provide
us with easily studied model organisms.

3. Yeast are favorable organisms for study of
genetics phenomena
the yeast that has been most studied is
saccharomyces cerevisiae

4. Perfect yeast which can
reproduce both asexual by
budding
and sexual by ascospores

5. Haploid cells of S. cerevisiae
have 17 chromosomes

6. Yeast contain also plasmid

7. Many have two mating types
considered analogue to male
and female

8. Upon mating a diploid cell is
formed
can Graw vegetatively

9. It is believed to have been originally
isolated from the skin of grapes It is one
of the most intensively
studied eukaryotic model
organisms in molecular and cell biology,
much like Escherichia coli as the
model bacterium.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae

10. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first
eukaryotic genome to be completely sequenced.
The genome sequence was published in 1996 and
has been updated regularly in
the Saccharomyces Genome Database. Currently,
it is considered that the genome is composed of
12 156 677 base pairs and 6275 genes organized
on 16 chromosomes. The ability to culture this
yeast species as a haploid simplifies the isolation
of mutants and haploid–diploid hybrids.

11. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a small
single cell with a doubling time of
30 °C of 1.25–2 h and importantly
can be cultured easily.
Consequently, they permit the
rapid production and maintenance
of multiple strains at low cost
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been
developed as a model eukaryotic

12. production of fermented beverages and breads
Spoilage of foods and beverages
Processing food waste
Production of food ingredients as a probiotic
Production of industrial ethanol