The document provides an overview of network fundamentals including basic concepts in communication, network structures and topologies, transmission mediums such as twisted pair cables, coaxial cable, and optical fibers, and network protocols. It describes essential components for communication including a message, transmitter, transmission medium, receiver, and destination. Common network topologies like bus, star, ring and variations are explained. Characteristics of different cabling options are also outlined.
Difference between Routing & Routed ProtocolNetwax Lab
A routing protocol is different and is only used
between routers. It makes possible for routers to
build and maintain routing tables.
A routed protocol is a protocol by which data can
be routed.
This presentation provides an brief introduction about Bluetooth Low Energy. This also covers the basic protocol layers of bluetooth low energy. Also discusses about the ble device discovery, service discovery, connection establishment, connection termination, etc.
Difference between Routing & Routed ProtocolNetwax Lab
A routing protocol is different and is only used
between routers. It makes possible for routers to
build and maintain routing tables.
A routed protocol is a protocol by which data can
be routed.
This presentation provides an brief introduction about Bluetooth Low Energy. This also covers the basic protocol layers of bluetooth low energy. Also discusses about the ble device discovery, service discovery, connection establishment, connection termination, etc.
The layout pattern of the interconnections between computers in a network is called network topology. ... Network topology is illustrated by showing these nodes and their connections using cables. There are a number of different types of network topologies, including point-to-point, bus, star, ring, mesh, tree and hybrid.
this ppt is useful for both b.e/b.tech students as well as for mca students. in this ppt u will find different types of security issues in manet and their countermeasures.
Motivation for a specialized MAC (Hidden and exposed terminals, Near and far terminals), SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, Wireless LAN/(IEEE 802.11)
Mobile Network Layer: IP and Mobile IP Network Layers, Packet Delivery and Handover Management, Location Management, Registration, Tunneling and Encapsulation, Route Optimization, DHCP
1. An introduction of LAN.
2. An introduction of VLAN.
3. Properties of VLAN.
4. Types of VLAN.
5. VLAN Identification Method
6. VLAN Trunking Protocol.
7. Inter-VLAN routing.
The layout pattern of the interconnections between computers in a network is called network topology. ... Network topology is illustrated by showing these nodes and their connections using cables. There are a number of different types of network topologies, including point-to-point, bus, star, ring, mesh, tree and hybrid.
this ppt is useful for both b.e/b.tech students as well as for mca students. in this ppt u will find different types of security issues in manet and their countermeasures.
Motivation for a specialized MAC (Hidden and exposed terminals, Near and far terminals), SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, Wireless LAN/(IEEE 802.11)
Mobile Network Layer: IP and Mobile IP Network Layers, Packet Delivery and Handover Management, Location Management, Registration, Tunneling and Encapsulation, Route Optimization, DHCP
1. An introduction of LAN.
2. An introduction of VLAN.
3. Properties of VLAN.
4. Types of VLAN.
5. VLAN Identification Method
6. VLAN Trunking Protocol.
7. Inter-VLAN routing.
The layout pattern of the interconnections between devices in a network is called network topology.
There are a number of different types of network topologies, including point-to-point, bus, star, ring, mesh, tree and hybrid.
Network media is the actual path over which an electrical signal travels as it moves from one component to another.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
7. Data Communication Tasks Routing Delivery Error Feedback Network MGT Flow Control Signal Distortion Bit Error Network MGT Error Detection & Correction Nature and Timing of Signal Security Exchange Management Signal Begins & Ends Messsage Formatting Synchronization Repeater/Amplifier; Propagation; Interoperable Recovery Signal Generation Router / Server / Media Control / Protocol Routing Interfacing Multiplexing Capacity Congestion Control Addressing Data System Utilization
27. Categories of Twisted Pairs Cabling System Specs describe cable Material, type of Connectors, and Junction blocks to Conform to a category 100 Mbps 20 Mbps 16 Mbps 4 Mbps Less than 1 Mbps Maximum data rate Usual application Category 100 Mbps TPDDI 155 Mbps asynchronous transfer mode (certify 100 Mhz signal) CAT 5 Used in 16Mbps Token Ring Otherwise not used much CAT 4 Voice and data on 10BASE-T Ethernet (certify 16Mhz signal) CAT 3 Mainly used in the IBM Cabling System for token ring networks CAT 2 analog voice (plain old telephone service) Integrated Services Digital Network Basic Rate Interface in ISDN Doorbell wiring CAT 1
60. ISO/OSI Reference Model (2) How to transmit signal; coding Hardware means of sending and receiving data on a carrier Two party communication: Ethernet Routing and Forwarding Address: IP End-to-end control & error checking (ensure complete data transfer): TCP Establish/manage connection ASCII Text, Sound (syntax layer) File Transfer, Email, Remote Login
61.
62.
63.
64.
65. Associated TCP/IP Protocols & Services SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) and PPP (Point to Point Protocol) encapsulate the IP packets so that they can be sent over a dial up phone connection to an access provider’s modem. SLIP/ PPP Provides meaningful names like achilles.mycorp.com for computers to replace numerical addresses like 123.45.67.89. Stands for the Domain Name System. DNS Used to remotely manage network devices. Stands for the Simple Network Management Protocol. SNMP A remote terminal emulation protocol that enables clients to log on to remote hosts on the network. Telnet This protocol, the core of the World Wide Web, facilitates retrieval and transfer of hypertext (mixed media) documents. Stands for the HyperText Transfer protocol HTTP
Editor's Notes
This is intended to be a very general overview of the concepts in computer networking and communication.
Potential topics: TCP/IP and the Internet TCP and UDP Gateway and Routing Protocols Telnet and FTP TCP/IP Configuration TCP/IP and Networks Domain Name Service Network File System
Transmitter: modem Transmission system: public telephone network Receiver: modem Destination: server
Transmitter: modem Transmission system: public telephone network Receiver: modem Destination: server
Network - A group of computers connected together in a way that allows information to be exchanged between the computers. Node - Anything that is connected to the network. While a node is typically a computer, it can also be something like a printer or CD-ROM tower. Segment - Any portion of a network that is separated, by a switch, bridge or router, from other parts of the network. Backbone - The main cabling of a network that all of the segments connect to. Typically, the backbone is capable of carrying more information than the individual segments. For example, each segment may have a transfer rate of 10 Mbps (megabits per second: 1 million bits a second), while the backbone may operate at 100 Mbps. Topology - The way that each node is physically connected to the network.
Backbone example: E.g. each segment may have a transfer rate of 10Mbps (megabits per second or 1 million bits a second) while the backbone may operate at 100Mbps
Similar to a bus network, rings have nodes daisy chained, but the end of the network in a ring topology comes back around to the first node, creating a complete circuit. Each node takes a turn sending and receiving information through the use of a token. The token along with any data is sent from the first node to the second node which extracts the data addressed to it and adds any data it wishes to send. Then second node passes the token and data to the third node, etc. until ti comes back around to the first node again. Only the node with the token is allowed to send data . All other nodes must wait for the token to come to them.
A hub does not perform any type of filtering or routing of the data. A hub is a junction that joins all the different nodes together.
A hub does not perform any type of filtering or routing of the data. A hub is a junction that joins all the different nodes together.
Baud – don’t use; a single state change can involve more than a single bit of data
we will talk about network cables next
CAT 5 is currently under consideration to be incorporated into the Gigabit Ethernet specification for short distance wiring. While longer connections using Gigabit Ethernet use optical fiber, the goal is to leverage the CAT 5 twisted-pair wiring most organizations already have in place for connections out to the desktop.
Use of optical fibers over ; Optical fiber (or "fiber optic") refers to the medium and the technology associated with the transmission of information as light pulses along a glass or plastic wire or fiber. Optical fiber carries much more information than conventional copper wire and is in general not subject to electromagnetic interference and the need to retransmit signals. Most telephone company long-distance lines are now of optical fiber. Transmission on optical fiber wire requires repeater at distance intervals. The glass fiber requires more protection within an outer cable than copper. For these reasons and because the installation of any new wiring is labor-intensive, few communities yet have optical fiber wires or cables from the phone company's branch office to local customers (known as local loop). single mode fiber fiber is used for longer distances; multimode fiber fiber is used for shorter distances.
Multimode has a larger core than single mode optical fiber
Starband.com DirectDuo DirectPC
In wireless LAN (WLAN) technology, 802.11 refers to a family of specifications developed by a working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ). There are three specifications in the family: 802.11, 802.11a, and 802.11b. All three of the above mentioned specifications use CSMA/CD carrier sense multiple access with collision detection ( CSMA/CD )as the path sharing protocol. If a source station has a data packet to send, the station checks the system to see if the path medium is busy. If the medium is not busy, the packet is sent; if the medium is busy, the station waits until the first moment that the medium becomes clear. Testing is done repeatedly by the source via a short test message called RTS (ready to send). The data packet is not transmitted until the destination station returns a confirmation message called CTS (clear to send). If two stations send at exactly the same time, CSMA/CD prevents the loss of data that might otherwise occur and provides a system for retrying. The 802.11 and 802.11b specifications apply to wireless Ethernet LANs, and operate at frequencies in the 2.4-GHz region of the radio spectrum. Data speeds are generally 1 Mbps or 2 Mbps for 802.11, and 5.5 Mbps or 11 Mbps for 802.11b, although speeds up to about 20 Mbps are realizable with 802.11b. The 802.11b standard is backward compatible with 802.11. The modulation used in 802.11 has historically been phase-shift keying ( PSK ). The modulation method selected for 802.11b is known as CCK (complementary code keying), which allows higher data speeds and is less susceptible to multipath-propagation interference. The 802.11a specification applies to wireless ATM systems and operates at radio frequencies between 5 GHz and 6 GHz. A modulation scheme known as OFDM (orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing) makes possible data speeds as high as 54 Mbps, but most commonly, communications takes place at 6 Mbps, 12 Mbps, or 24 Mbps.
Nowadays you see hubs with switches; but basically the hub is the place where data comes together while the switch determines how and where data is forwarded from the place where data comes together.
bridge In telecommunication networks, a bridge is a product that connects a local area network (LAN) to another local area network that uses the same protocol (for example, Ethernet or token ring). You can envision a bridge as being a device that decides whether a message from you to someone else is going to the local area network in your building or to someone on the local area network in the building across the street. A bridge examines each message on a LAN, "passing" those known to be within the same LAN, and forwarding those known to be on the other interconnected LAN (or LANs). In bridging networks, computer or node addresses have no specific relationship to location. For this reason, messages are sent out to every address on the network and accepted only by the intended destination node. Bridges learn which addresses are on which network and develop a learning table so that subsequent messages can be forwarded to the right network. Bridging networks are generally always interconnected local area networks since broadcasting every message to all possible destinations would flood a larger network with unnecessary traffic. For this reason, router networks such as the Internet use a scheme that assigns addresses to nodes so that a message or packet can be forwarded only in one general direction rather than forwarded in all directions. A bridge works at the data-link (physical network) level of a network, copying a data frame from one network to the next network along the communications path. A bridge is sometimes combined with a router in a product called a brouter.
The range for WAN transmission will vary: 56 Kb/s to 1.544 Mb/s
Communication path established between two
What is the third generation speed for ISDN?
http://www.informit.com/newsletter.asp?link=320 The 802.3 standards put down in writing what happens at the very basest level of network communication: that which actually travels through the wires and hardware.
Structure of protocols architecture: file transfer module contains all logic for file transfer applications (transmitting passwords, file commands, and file records). Need is to transmit the files and commands reliably. Some sorts of reliability are relevant to a variety of applications (e.g. e-mail, document transfer) Met by separate communication service modules that can be used by a variety of applications. Communication service modules assumes two computer systems are active and ready for data transfer, and keeps track of data being exchanged to assure delivery. A structured set of modules are used that implements the communication functions.
It is use to guide product implementors so that their products will consistently work with other products.
OSI divides telecommunication into seven layers. The layers are in two groups. The upper four layers are used whenever a message passes from or to a user. The lowest three layers (Up to network layer) are used when any message passes through the host computer. Message intended for this computer pass to the upper layers. Message destined for some other host are not passed up to the upper layers but are forwarded to another host. Physical layer: Bit stream through network at electrical/mechanical level
There are several higher layer application protocols that use TCP/IP to get to the internet. They include World Wide Web’s Hypertext Transfer Protocol; File Transfer Protocol (FTP); Telnet (Telnet) [ allow you to logion to remote computers], Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) These and other protocols are often packaged together as a suite. TCP keep track of the individual packets that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the internet