1) The document discusses key issues in designing and deploying IoT applications, including identification of objects and services. Objects should have a unique identifier (OID) and network address (NAdr) to ensure uniqueness. 2) It outlines structural aspects of IoT like low power/cost requirements, limited device capabilities, and different traffic characteristics from traditional networks which are optimized for human communication. 3) Scalability, interoperability, security, privacy and an open architecture are also important considerations for IoT systems which may start small but need to efficiently support large-scale deployments across a range of applications and technologies.

1. Department
of
Information
Technology
Subject : Internet of Things (IOT) of BE
2012
Pattern

2. Unit 2 – Fundamental IoT
Mechanism & Key Technologies

3. Identification of IoT Objects & Services
• Number of key issues that come into play in
design & field deployment of IoT applications
• 1
st
issue is identification of objects & services
• There are various types of identifiers
with different purposes and practicality
• Identification codes can be classified as
– Object IDs (OIDs)
– Communication IDs

4. Identification of IoT Objects & Services
• It is desirable for all
– objects to have a permanent unique identifier, an OID
– End-point network locations and/or
intermediary-point network locations to have
unique network address (NAdr)
• Every object then has a tuple (OID, NAdr) which
is always unique
• Although the second entry of the tuple may
change with time, location, or situation

5. Structural Aspects of IoT
• Environment Characteristics
– Low power (with the requirement that they will
run potentially for years on batteries)
– Low cost (total device cost in single-digit rupees)
– Significantly more devices than in a LAN environment
– Severely limited code and RAM space
– Unobtrusive but very different user interface for
configuration (e.g. using gestures physical world)
– Requirement for simple wireless
communication technology

7. Structural Aspects of IoT
• Traffic Characteristics
– characteristics of IoT/M2M communication
is different from other types of networks or
applications
– For example, cellular mobile networks
are designed for human communication
– It involves interactive communication between
humans (voice, video), or data communication
involving humans (web browsing, file downloads,
and so on)

9. Structural Aspects of IoT
• Traffic Characteristics
– Cellular mobile networks are optimized for
traffic characteristics
– Communication takes place with certain length/
sessions and data volume i.e. frequency and
patterns (talk-listen, download-reading, etc.)

10. Structural Aspects of IoT
• Scalability
– some applications (e.g. smart grid, home
automation, etc) may start covering a small
geographic area or a small community of users
– Efficiency of a larger system should be better
than the efficiency of a smaller system
– The goal is to make sure that capabilities such as
addressing, communication, and service
discovery, among others, are delivered efficiently
in both small and large scale

12. Structural Aspects of IoT
• Interoperability
– Because of excess of applications, technology
suppliers & stakeholders, it is desirable to develop
and/or re-use a core set of common standards
– Existing standards may prove advantageous to a
rapid & cost-effective deployment of technology
– Product & service interoperability is of interest

13. Structural Aspects of IoT
• Security and Privacy
– When IoT relates to electric power distribution,
goods distribution, transport and traffic
management, e-health and other key applications
– It is critical to maintain system-wide
confidentiality, identity integrity & trustworthiness

14. Structural Aspects of IoT
• Open Architecture
– Goal is to support a wide range of applications
using a common infrastructure, preferably based
on service-oriented architecture (SOA) over an
open service platform