This document summarizes a research paper that investigates the effect of process parameters on TIG welding of aluminum alloy 65032. The researchers used Response Surface Methodology to determine the optimal welding speed, current, and gas flow rate to maximize tensile strength and elongation. Central composite design was used to conduct experiments. Mathematical models were developed from the results to study the effect of parameters on strength and elongation. Optimization was performed to find the optimum welding conditions. Confirmation tests validated the optimum parameter settings.
Optimization of tungsten inert gas welding on 6063 aluminum alloy on taguchi ...RSIS International
In this paper, the Taguchi method is used for the
Optimization of Tungsten Inert Gas Welding on 6063
Aluminum Alloy. The Taguchi method L27 is used to
optimize the pulsed TIG welding process parameters of 6063
aluminum alloy weldments for maximizing the mechanical
properties. Analysis of Variance is used to find the impact of
individual factors. Then the optimal parameters of the TIG
welding process is determined and the experimental results
illustrate the proposed approach.
A review on TIG welding for optimizing process parameters on dissimilar jointsIJERA Editor
Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG) is relatively high strength welding technique. This technique are mostly used in fabrication and other industries to join the either similar or dissimilar materials. In particular, it can be used to join high-quality strength of metal and alloys.In this paper we discuss abouttheTungsten Inert Gas welding of joining heat treatableof stainless steel and mild steel.These welded joints have higher tensile strength to weight ratio and finer micro structure. Tungsten Inert Gas Weldingofdissimilar material such as stainless steel and mild steel have the potential to hold good mechanical and metallurgical properties.
This document reviews various welding techniques. It begins by introducing welding as a process for joining materials like metals through melting and discusses some common welding techniques like shielded metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding, and flux-cored arc welding. The document then reviews literature on optimizing welding parameters and their effects on weld properties. Specifically, it looks at research optimizing parameters for gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding and submerged arc welding. The document describes the methodology for conducting experiments on gas metal arc welding and gas tungsten arc welding of austenitic stainless steel to analyze properties like hardness, strength and corrosion resistance under varied welding conditions.
Parametric Optimization on MIG Welded EN8 Material Joints by using Taguchi Me...ijsrd.com
Welding is a manufacturing process, which is carried out for joining of metals. By MIG Welding it is possible to weld in all positions. Optimization of the parameter will be carried out by Taguchi method. We will use EN-8 material which is more use in Automobile parts. EN8 plate with dimensions 250mm x 125mm x 6mm with V- Groove 650.Where the input parameters are welding current, Wire feed and gas flow rate and output parameters are tensile strength and Hardness.
Parametric study of surface roughness in turning of az31 b mg alloy under dif...Imran Sarker
A study comprising of different surface roughness parameters of AZ31B Mg alloy was done in this experiment successfully. The study was done by turning AZ31B Mg alloy under varied feed, depth and cooling condition i.e., dry, conventional flood, MQL. Different amount of surface roughness was measured by the service of a roughness tester. The collected data from the turning operation were used to analyze and get desirable results on behalf of low surface roughness. The analysis was done by means of Taguchi method and the following results were shown:
The experimentation shows that, the cutting speed has insignificant impact on the studied surface roughness parameters.
Feed rate has significant influence over the surface roughness parameters. It expressed itself as the most dominant control factor to determine a better surface roughness parameter.
Depth of cut has insignificant influence over the surface roughness parameter and it has less effect on the roughness parameters compared to feed rate.
In cutting condition, MQL emerged as the major cooling condition compared to other two conditions which are dry and flood condition.
The future study can be conducted on the investigation of tool wear and chip morphology in turning of Mg AZ31B alloy under dry, flood and MQL conditions.
The document describes research to optimize metal inert gas (MIG) welding process parameters to control angular distortion, measured as deck height, during fabrication of earthmoving equipment. Experiments were conducted using a fractional factorial design to examine the effects of welding speed, current, and voltage on deck height. Response surface methodology was used to develop mathematical models relating the process parameters to deck height. Analysis of variance identified that current and the interaction of current and voltage significantly affected deck height. The models were validated and found to predict deck heights within acceptable limits.
Effect of welding parameter on micro hardness of synergic mig welding ofIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the effect of welding parameters on the microhardness of gas metal arc welds on 304L austenitic stainless steel. Bead-on-plate welds were produced using various gas flow rates, voltages, wire feed rates, and travel speeds. Knoop microhardness measurements were taken across the weld bead and base material. The maximum microhardness values were found in the heat-affected zone due to its finer grain size and higher pearlite content compared to the weld zone and base metal. Increasing the current and voltage resulted in a mixed spray and short circuiting metal transfer mode and improved weld bead appearance.
Optimization of Electrical Discharge Machining Process Parameters using SCM42...IOSRJMCE
This document summarizes research that used response surface methodology to optimize the electrical discharge machining (EDM) process parameters when machining SCM420 low alloy steel. The researchers investigated the effects of peak current, pulse on time, and gap voltage on material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra). They conducted experiments according to a central composite design and analyzed the results to develop mathematical models relating the process parameters to the output responses. The analysis found that peak current had the greatest influence on both MRR and Ra, with MRR increasing and Ra decreasing at higher peak current levels. Optimal values for the process parameters to achieve high MRR and low Ra were determined to be a peak current of 22 amps, pulse
Optimization of tungsten inert gas welding on 6063 aluminum alloy on taguchi ...RSIS International
In this paper, the Taguchi method is used for the
Optimization of Tungsten Inert Gas Welding on 6063
Aluminum Alloy. The Taguchi method L27 is used to
optimize the pulsed TIG welding process parameters of 6063
aluminum alloy weldments for maximizing the mechanical
properties. Analysis of Variance is used to find the impact of
individual factors. Then the optimal parameters of the TIG
welding process is determined and the experimental results
illustrate the proposed approach.
A review on TIG welding for optimizing process parameters on dissimilar jointsIJERA Editor
Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG) is relatively high strength welding technique. This technique are mostly used in fabrication and other industries to join the either similar or dissimilar materials. In particular, it can be used to join high-quality strength of metal and alloys.In this paper we discuss abouttheTungsten Inert Gas welding of joining heat treatableof stainless steel and mild steel.These welded joints have higher tensile strength to weight ratio and finer micro structure. Tungsten Inert Gas Weldingofdissimilar material such as stainless steel and mild steel have the potential to hold good mechanical and metallurgical properties.
This document reviews various welding techniques. It begins by introducing welding as a process for joining materials like metals through melting and discusses some common welding techniques like shielded metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding, and flux-cored arc welding. The document then reviews literature on optimizing welding parameters and their effects on weld properties. Specifically, it looks at research optimizing parameters for gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding and submerged arc welding. The document describes the methodology for conducting experiments on gas metal arc welding and gas tungsten arc welding of austenitic stainless steel to analyze properties like hardness, strength and corrosion resistance under varied welding conditions.
Parametric Optimization on MIG Welded EN8 Material Joints by using Taguchi Me...ijsrd.com
Welding is a manufacturing process, which is carried out for joining of metals. By MIG Welding it is possible to weld in all positions. Optimization of the parameter will be carried out by Taguchi method. We will use EN-8 material which is more use in Automobile parts. EN8 plate with dimensions 250mm x 125mm x 6mm with V- Groove 650.Where the input parameters are welding current, Wire feed and gas flow rate and output parameters are tensile strength and Hardness.
Parametric study of surface roughness in turning of az31 b mg alloy under dif...Imran Sarker
A study comprising of different surface roughness parameters of AZ31B Mg alloy was done in this experiment successfully. The study was done by turning AZ31B Mg alloy under varied feed, depth and cooling condition i.e., dry, conventional flood, MQL. Different amount of surface roughness was measured by the service of a roughness tester. The collected data from the turning operation were used to analyze and get desirable results on behalf of low surface roughness. The analysis was done by means of Taguchi method and the following results were shown:
The experimentation shows that, the cutting speed has insignificant impact on the studied surface roughness parameters.
Feed rate has significant influence over the surface roughness parameters. It expressed itself as the most dominant control factor to determine a better surface roughness parameter.
Depth of cut has insignificant influence over the surface roughness parameter and it has less effect on the roughness parameters compared to feed rate.
In cutting condition, MQL emerged as the major cooling condition compared to other two conditions which are dry and flood condition.
The future study can be conducted on the investigation of tool wear and chip morphology in turning of Mg AZ31B alloy under dry, flood and MQL conditions.
The document describes research to optimize metal inert gas (MIG) welding process parameters to control angular distortion, measured as deck height, during fabrication of earthmoving equipment. Experiments were conducted using a fractional factorial design to examine the effects of welding speed, current, and voltage on deck height. Response surface methodology was used to develop mathematical models relating the process parameters to deck height. Analysis of variance identified that current and the interaction of current and voltage significantly affected deck height. The models were validated and found to predict deck heights within acceptable limits.
Effect of welding parameter on micro hardness of synergic mig welding ofIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the effect of welding parameters on the microhardness of gas metal arc welds on 304L austenitic stainless steel. Bead-on-plate welds were produced using various gas flow rates, voltages, wire feed rates, and travel speeds. Knoop microhardness measurements were taken across the weld bead and base material. The maximum microhardness values were found in the heat-affected zone due to its finer grain size and higher pearlite content compared to the weld zone and base metal. Increasing the current and voltage resulted in a mixed spray and short circuiting metal transfer mode and improved weld bead appearance.
Optimization of Electrical Discharge Machining Process Parameters using SCM42...IOSRJMCE
This document summarizes research that used response surface methodology to optimize the electrical discharge machining (EDM) process parameters when machining SCM420 low alloy steel. The researchers investigated the effects of peak current, pulse on time, and gap voltage on material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra). They conducted experiments according to a central composite design and analyzed the results to develop mathematical models relating the process parameters to the output responses. The analysis found that peak current had the greatest influence on both MRR and Ra, with MRR increasing and Ra decreasing at higher peak current levels. Optimal values for the process parameters to achieve high MRR and low Ra were determined to be a peak current of 22 amps, pulse
Flank wear measurement of al based metal matrix composite materials (mmc)Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study that measured flank wear on different cutting tool materials when machining an aluminum-silicon metal matrix composite (MMC) containing 5% silicon carbide particulate (SiCp) by volume. A range of cutting speeds and feed rates were used. The best performance was achieved using a titanium-coated carbide insert, which experienced lower flank wear than uncoated or aluminum oxide-coated carbide tools as the cutting speed increased. In general, higher cutting speeds led to faster tool wear across all tool materials tested.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Review Study of Investigation on Titanium Alloy Coatings for Wear Resistanc...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review study investigating titanium alloy coatings deposited via physical vapor deposition (PVD) for improved wear resistance. PVD was identified as a cost-effective coating method that provides benefits like superior wear and corrosion resistance as well as low friction. The coatings were deposited on mild steel substrates for pump shaft applications. Characterization techniques like X-ray diffraction and ball-on-disc testing were used to analyze the coatings. The literature review discussed various coating materials, deposition methods, and experimental factors related to evaluating PVD coatings for wear resistance.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
WEDM process parameter optimization for newly developed hybrid Al(SiC + Gr + ...ROEVER GROUPS
This document summarizes an experimental study that optimized wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) parameters for machining a hybrid Al/(SiC + Gr + Fe2O3) metal matrix composite (MMC). Taguchi methods were used to design the experiment using an L27 orthogonal array to investigate the effects of six machining parameters (peak current, pulse-on time, pulse-off time, wire tension, feed rate, and voltage gap) on surface roughness. The experiments found that pulse-on time, current, and off-time significantly affected surface roughness, and confirmatory tests showed that using the optimized parameter combination improved the surface finish.
Mechanism of Fracture in Friction Stir Processed Aluminium AlloyDr. Amarjeet Singh
Aluminium alloys are used for important
applications in reducing the weight of the component and
structure particularly associated with transport, marine,
and aerospace fields. Grain refinement by scandium (Sc)
addition can eliminate the casting defects and increase the
resistance to hot tearing for high strength aluminium alloys.
FSP for cast aluminium alloys have been focused and it has
great advantages including solid state microstructural
evolution, altering mechanical properties by optimizing
process parameters. These parameters are tool rotational
speeds (720, and 1000 rpm), traverse speeds (80, and 70
mm/min), and axial compressive force at 15 kN, etc. The
mechanical properties had been evaluated on FSPed
aluminium alloy with different microstructural conditions.
Fracture properties of aluminium alloys are very important
for industrial applications. Tensile and fracture toughness
properties were correlated to microstructural and
fractographic features of the aluminium alloys need to
explore their essential failure mechanisms.
Modeling and optimization of EDM Process Parameters on Machining of Inconel ...ROEVER GROUPS
This document summarizes a research paper that models and optimizes electrical discharge machining (EDM) process parameters for machining Inconel 686. The researchers conducted experiments with four controllable input parameters (spark current, pulse on time, duty cycle, voltage) using a face-centered central composite design. They analyzed the effects of the parameters on material removal rate, tool wear rate, and surface roughness using analysis of variance. Models were developed that showed the parameters significantly affected the output characteristics. The models had high R-squared values and adequate precision above 4, indicating good predictability and design adequacy.
IRJET- Investigation on Dissimilar Metal Welding of Stainless Steel 316 L and...IRJET Journal
The document investigates dissimilar metal welding of stainless steel 316L and mild steel A-2062 using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Sixteen samples were prepared with variations in welding speed, current, and gas pressure based on a Taguchi experimental design. Tensile testing found ultimate tensile strengths ranging from 394 to 454 MPa. Microhardness was slightly higher than the base materials in the weld zone and heat-affected zone. Microstructure analysis was conducted on samples with the highest ultimate tensile strength, highest heat input, and lowest heat input. The depth of penetration averaged 5.8484 mm and bead width averaged 4.8243 mm across samples.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of process parameters on machining EN31 steel using electrical discharge machining (EDM). Experiments were conducted using different tool materials (copper, aluminum, and EN24), supply currents, flushing pressures, and pulse-on times. The experiments analyzed their influence on surface roughness, material removal rate, tool wear rate, and taper. The results of this study can help optimize the EDM process for machining EN31 steel.
This document summarizes an investigation into the effects of machining parameters on the surface finish and material removal rate when machining an aluminum-copper alloy (AL6351) using wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). The study uses Taguchi's design of experiments method to analyze the effects of pulse on-time, pulse off-time, and peak current. Sixteen experiments were conducted and the material removal rate and surface roughness were measured. The results were analyzed using ANOVA to determine the most significant parameters for improving surface finish and removal rate. The goal of the research was to optimize the WEDM process for machining AL6351 alloy.
This document presents a study comparing laser cutting and plasma cutting of mild steel E350 material. The study aims to select the best cutting technology and investigate the effects of process parameters on output responses. Laser power, cutting speed, and gas pressure were varied as input parameters, while surface roughness, kerf, taper, and heat affected zone were measured as output responses. Experiments were conducted according to a Taguchi L27 design of experiments. Analysis of variance found that all input parameters significantly affected the output responses. Laser cutting produced lower surface roughness and taper compared to plasma cutting for the material. Optimal parameters for laser cutting of mild steel were identified.
The document presents a study that aims to optimize welding variables and predict weld bead geometry in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. Experiments were conducted using a central composite design to study the relationship between input process parameters (current, speed, angle, distance, pinch) and output parameters (bead width, height, depth, dilution). Mathematical models were developed using regression analysis. A neural network was then used to predict welding outputs, and a simulated annealing algorithm was applied to optimize the process parameters to achieve optimum dilution.
IRJET- Investigation of Nickel Aluminium Alloy by Electric Discharge Machine,...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on electric discharge machining (EDM) of nickel aluminum composites. It discusses how nickel aluminum composites were manufactured using sand casting. It then summarizes the methodology, parameters studied, and experiments conducted to investigate the effects of EDM process parameters like discharge current, pulse on/off time, and voltage gap on material removal rate, tool wear, and surface roughness when machining nickel aluminum composites. The document concludes that adding powder to the dielectric fluid can improve material removal rate and reduce surface roughness compared to conventional EDM without additives.
This document summarizes an experimental study on optimizing surface roughness and material removal rate during turning of AISI D2 steel. 27 experiments were conducted using a full factorial design varying cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Cutting speed had the greatest effect on surface roughness, while feed rate and depth of cut most influenced material removal rate. Analysis of variance found cutting speed contributed 79.8% to surface roughness. Grey relational analysis identified the optimal condition for low surface roughness as low feed rate, low depth of cut, and high cutting speed.
Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Austempered, Normalized and As-Weld Ca...IJAEMSJORNAL
More often than not, welded joints experience failure such as fracture which jeopardize their reliability and ergonomics when put in perspective. Attempting a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of welded joint through heat treatment could ensure joints stability and reduce the costs associated with constant repairs and replacements. In this study, the effects of heat treatments (austempering and normalization) on the mechanical properties of weldments were examined. The locally recycled steel sample was sourced from the Delta Steel Company Aladja, Delta State and the spectro-analysis was carried out on it. The test samples were machined as per properties for tests, fractured locally and were welded using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) with stainless steel electrode. They were then heat treated in electric furnaces. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and impact toughness) were determined and the microstructure examined using scanning electron microscope. They were also examined physically using hand lens. The result indicated that the austempered samples improved significantly in terms of its tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and ductility. It was also found that the untreated sample produced the greatest impact toughness. The result of the physical examination also suggested that heat treatment using oil based quenchant have the potential to inhibit rust at weld joints.
IRJET- Parametric Optimization of Tig Welding on SS 304 and MS using Tagu...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing TIG welding parameters for joining stainless steel 304 and mild steel using the Taguchi method. The parameters investigated were current, voltage, and gas flow rate. Specimens were welded based on an L9 orthogonal array. Tensile testing and hardness testing were conducted to evaluate weld strength and quality. Signal-to-noise ratios were calculated and ANOVA was used to determine the influence of each parameter. The results showed that current had the greatest influence on tensile strength, followed by gas flow rate, with voltage having the least influence. The optimal parameters for maximizing tensile strength were determined to be a current of 250A, voltage of 24V, and gas flow rate of 14 L/
STUDY OF RECAST LAYERS AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON AL-7075 METAL MATRIX COMPOSIT...ijmech
Demand for low weight to strength ratio for exclusive application in automobile and aerospace components created scope for advance studies on Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs). However, machining of MMCs challenges for conventional machining processes due to uneven hardness, matrix of composites and undesired tool life. Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of the unconventional material removal process, which offers alternatives for machining of MMCs because, being a non-contact process it can be machine excessive harder material, intricate shape with better surface finish and tool life. The evolved heat during EDM process and subsequent flushing of machined debris and rapidly resolidified layer is formed by the re-solidification of residual molten material on the machined surface during the EDM process leaves behind recast layers which is extremely hard and brittle. In the presents study optimization of process parameters to minimize the surface roughness of the rapidly resolidified layer of Al 7075 MMC while
machining using EDM process is carried out using the Taguchi tequniues. The gap current, pulse on-time and pulse off-time were considered as process parameters. The formation of resolidified layers is investigated in terms of the surface roughness as response variables inside the hole and near the hole while EDM drilling.
A review on Parametric Optimization of Submerged arc welding processIJSRD
Submerged arc welding is preferable more its inherent qualities such as Higher deposition rate, deeper penetration, control of variables, high quality, smooth finish. The bead geometry shows the quality of weld which is depends on input process parameters. The present work gives review of the effect of these Input parameters on weld bead geometry. Selection of process parameters has great influence on the quality of a welded connection. To automate a welding process, which is the present trend in any fabrication industry. It is also important that mathematical models have to be developed to relate the process variables to the weld bead parameters. All the welding processes are used with the aim of getting a welded joint with the desires weld bead geometry and excellent mechanical properties with a efficient quality welded joint at a relatively low cost with high productivity. Optimization designs concentrate on only one or two parameters, but in very more depth to gain a precise understanding of relationships between parameters.
Effect of process parameters using friction stir processing /welding of steel...Husain Mehdi
Microstructural changes and flow of material have be comprehensively studied by many researchers. A lot of studies have been conducted by changing the process parameters such as axial load, feed, speed of the tool, tool geometry, tool tilt angle etc. to find the optimum process parameters. Friction stir welding can be applied on various materials such as aluminum, manganese, copper. Till date majority of the research and development was done on aluminum alloys. This is so because Al alloys are easy to deform at relatively low temperatures (approximately below 550 Celsius). Also, they are easier to weld as compared to other materials. But these days a lot of studies are being conducted on carrying out friction stir processing on steel. This process improves mechanical properties like tensile strength, ductility, micro-hardness etc.
Through constructing their film, the student learned about various technologies useful for pre-production, production, and post-production. In pre-production, they used IMDB, YouTube, and Celtx to research ideas and develop scripts and storyboards. During production, they used a Sony HD camera and zoom recording. In post-production, Final Cut Pro was used for editing and Soundtrack Pro added sound effects and mixing. The student gained knowledge of the capabilities and benefits of these technologies for filmmaking.
The document describes the locations and sizes of dumpsters and garbage receptacles in an alleyway. It notes there are 5 dumpsters measuring 4' by 6' each, 1 rollaway cart, and 1 tallow receptacle measuring 4' by 5'. Garbage is picked up from all of the receptacles 6 days per week in the alley between specific addresses on Chicago and Hinman Streets.
Flank wear measurement of al based metal matrix composite materials (mmc)Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study that measured flank wear on different cutting tool materials when machining an aluminum-silicon metal matrix composite (MMC) containing 5% silicon carbide particulate (SiCp) by volume. A range of cutting speeds and feed rates were used. The best performance was achieved using a titanium-coated carbide insert, which experienced lower flank wear than uncoated or aluminum oxide-coated carbide tools as the cutting speed increased. In general, higher cutting speeds led to faster tool wear across all tool materials tested.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Review Study of Investigation on Titanium Alloy Coatings for Wear Resistanc...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review study investigating titanium alloy coatings deposited via physical vapor deposition (PVD) for improved wear resistance. PVD was identified as a cost-effective coating method that provides benefits like superior wear and corrosion resistance as well as low friction. The coatings were deposited on mild steel substrates for pump shaft applications. Characterization techniques like X-ray diffraction and ball-on-disc testing were used to analyze the coatings. The literature review discussed various coating materials, deposition methods, and experimental factors related to evaluating PVD coatings for wear resistance.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
WEDM process parameter optimization for newly developed hybrid Al(SiC + Gr + ...ROEVER GROUPS
This document summarizes an experimental study that optimized wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) parameters for machining a hybrid Al/(SiC + Gr + Fe2O3) metal matrix composite (MMC). Taguchi methods were used to design the experiment using an L27 orthogonal array to investigate the effects of six machining parameters (peak current, pulse-on time, pulse-off time, wire tension, feed rate, and voltage gap) on surface roughness. The experiments found that pulse-on time, current, and off-time significantly affected surface roughness, and confirmatory tests showed that using the optimized parameter combination improved the surface finish.
Mechanism of Fracture in Friction Stir Processed Aluminium AlloyDr. Amarjeet Singh
Aluminium alloys are used for important
applications in reducing the weight of the component and
structure particularly associated with transport, marine,
and aerospace fields. Grain refinement by scandium (Sc)
addition can eliminate the casting defects and increase the
resistance to hot tearing for high strength aluminium alloys.
FSP for cast aluminium alloys have been focused and it has
great advantages including solid state microstructural
evolution, altering mechanical properties by optimizing
process parameters. These parameters are tool rotational
speeds (720, and 1000 rpm), traverse speeds (80, and 70
mm/min), and axial compressive force at 15 kN, etc. The
mechanical properties had been evaluated on FSPed
aluminium alloy with different microstructural conditions.
Fracture properties of aluminium alloys are very important
for industrial applications. Tensile and fracture toughness
properties were correlated to microstructural and
fractographic features of the aluminium alloys need to
explore their essential failure mechanisms.
Modeling and optimization of EDM Process Parameters on Machining of Inconel ...ROEVER GROUPS
This document summarizes a research paper that models and optimizes electrical discharge machining (EDM) process parameters for machining Inconel 686. The researchers conducted experiments with four controllable input parameters (spark current, pulse on time, duty cycle, voltage) using a face-centered central composite design. They analyzed the effects of the parameters on material removal rate, tool wear rate, and surface roughness using analysis of variance. Models were developed that showed the parameters significantly affected the output characteristics. The models had high R-squared values and adequate precision above 4, indicating good predictability and design adequacy.
IRJET- Investigation on Dissimilar Metal Welding of Stainless Steel 316 L and...IRJET Journal
The document investigates dissimilar metal welding of stainless steel 316L and mild steel A-2062 using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Sixteen samples were prepared with variations in welding speed, current, and gas pressure based on a Taguchi experimental design. Tensile testing found ultimate tensile strengths ranging from 394 to 454 MPa. Microhardness was slightly higher than the base materials in the weld zone and heat-affected zone. Microstructure analysis was conducted on samples with the highest ultimate tensile strength, highest heat input, and lowest heat input. The depth of penetration averaged 5.8484 mm and bead width averaged 4.8243 mm across samples.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of process parameters on machining EN31 steel using electrical discharge machining (EDM). Experiments were conducted using different tool materials (copper, aluminum, and EN24), supply currents, flushing pressures, and pulse-on times. The experiments analyzed their influence on surface roughness, material removal rate, tool wear rate, and taper. The results of this study can help optimize the EDM process for machining EN31 steel.
This document summarizes an investigation into the effects of machining parameters on the surface finish and material removal rate when machining an aluminum-copper alloy (AL6351) using wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). The study uses Taguchi's design of experiments method to analyze the effects of pulse on-time, pulse off-time, and peak current. Sixteen experiments were conducted and the material removal rate and surface roughness were measured. The results were analyzed using ANOVA to determine the most significant parameters for improving surface finish and removal rate. The goal of the research was to optimize the WEDM process for machining AL6351 alloy.
This document presents a study comparing laser cutting and plasma cutting of mild steel E350 material. The study aims to select the best cutting technology and investigate the effects of process parameters on output responses. Laser power, cutting speed, and gas pressure were varied as input parameters, while surface roughness, kerf, taper, and heat affected zone were measured as output responses. Experiments were conducted according to a Taguchi L27 design of experiments. Analysis of variance found that all input parameters significantly affected the output responses. Laser cutting produced lower surface roughness and taper compared to plasma cutting for the material. Optimal parameters for laser cutting of mild steel were identified.
The document presents a study that aims to optimize welding variables and predict weld bead geometry in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. Experiments were conducted using a central composite design to study the relationship between input process parameters (current, speed, angle, distance, pinch) and output parameters (bead width, height, depth, dilution). Mathematical models were developed using regression analysis. A neural network was then used to predict welding outputs, and a simulated annealing algorithm was applied to optimize the process parameters to achieve optimum dilution.
IRJET- Investigation of Nickel Aluminium Alloy by Electric Discharge Machine,...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on electric discharge machining (EDM) of nickel aluminum composites. It discusses how nickel aluminum composites were manufactured using sand casting. It then summarizes the methodology, parameters studied, and experiments conducted to investigate the effects of EDM process parameters like discharge current, pulse on/off time, and voltage gap on material removal rate, tool wear, and surface roughness when machining nickel aluminum composites. The document concludes that adding powder to the dielectric fluid can improve material removal rate and reduce surface roughness compared to conventional EDM without additives.
This document summarizes an experimental study on optimizing surface roughness and material removal rate during turning of AISI D2 steel. 27 experiments were conducted using a full factorial design varying cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Cutting speed had the greatest effect on surface roughness, while feed rate and depth of cut most influenced material removal rate. Analysis of variance found cutting speed contributed 79.8% to surface roughness. Grey relational analysis identified the optimal condition for low surface roughness as low feed rate, low depth of cut, and high cutting speed.
Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Austempered, Normalized and As-Weld Ca...IJAEMSJORNAL
More often than not, welded joints experience failure such as fracture which jeopardize their reliability and ergonomics when put in perspective. Attempting a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of welded joint through heat treatment could ensure joints stability and reduce the costs associated with constant repairs and replacements. In this study, the effects of heat treatments (austempering and normalization) on the mechanical properties of weldments were examined. The locally recycled steel sample was sourced from the Delta Steel Company Aladja, Delta State and the spectro-analysis was carried out on it. The test samples were machined as per properties for tests, fractured locally and were welded using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) with stainless steel electrode. They were then heat treated in electric furnaces. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and impact toughness) were determined and the microstructure examined using scanning electron microscope. They were also examined physically using hand lens. The result indicated that the austempered samples improved significantly in terms of its tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and ductility. It was also found that the untreated sample produced the greatest impact toughness. The result of the physical examination also suggested that heat treatment using oil based quenchant have the potential to inhibit rust at weld joints.
IRJET- Parametric Optimization of Tig Welding on SS 304 and MS using Tagu...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing TIG welding parameters for joining stainless steel 304 and mild steel using the Taguchi method. The parameters investigated were current, voltage, and gas flow rate. Specimens were welded based on an L9 orthogonal array. Tensile testing and hardness testing were conducted to evaluate weld strength and quality. Signal-to-noise ratios were calculated and ANOVA was used to determine the influence of each parameter. The results showed that current had the greatest influence on tensile strength, followed by gas flow rate, with voltage having the least influence. The optimal parameters for maximizing tensile strength were determined to be a current of 250A, voltage of 24V, and gas flow rate of 14 L/
STUDY OF RECAST LAYERS AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON AL-7075 METAL MATRIX COMPOSIT...ijmech
Demand for low weight to strength ratio for exclusive application in automobile and aerospace components created scope for advance studies on Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs). However, machining of MMCs challenges for conventional machining processes due to uneven hardness, matrix of composites and undesired tool life. Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of the unconventional material removal process, which offers alternatives for machining of MMCs because, being a non-contact process it can be machine excessive harder material, intricate shape with better surface finish and tool life. The evolved heat during EDM process and subsequent flushing of machined debris and rapidly resolidified layer is formed by the re-solidification of residual molten material on the machined surface during the EDM process leaves behind recast layers which is extremely hard and brittle. In the presents study optimization of process parameters to minimize the surface roughness of the rapidly resolidified layer of Al 7075 MMC while
machining using EDM process is carried out using the Taguchi tequniues. The gap current, pulse on-time and pulse off-time were considered as process parameters. The formation of resolidified layers is investigated in terms of the surface roughness as response variables inside the hole and near the hole while EDM drilling.
A review on Parametric Optimization of Submerged arc welding processIJSRD
Submerged arc welding is preferable more its inherent qualities such as Higher deposition rate, deeper penetration, control of variables, high quality, smooth finish. The bead geometry shows the quality of weld which is depends on input process parameters. The present work gives review of the effect of these Input parameters on weld bead geometry. Selection of process parameters has great influence on the quality of a welded connection. To automate a welding process, which is the present trend in any fabrication industry. It is also important that mathematical models have to be developed to relate the process variables to the weld bead parameters. All the welding processes are used with the aim of getting a welded joint with the desires weld bead geometry and excellent mechanical properties with a efficient quality welded joint at a relatively low cost with high productivity. Optimization designs concentrate on only one or two parameters, but in very more depth to gain a precise understanding of relationships between parameters.
Effect of process parameters using friction stir processing /welding of steel...Husain Mehdi
Microstructural changes and flow of material have be comprehensively studied by many researchers. A lot of studies have been conducted by changing the process parameters such as axial load, feed, speed of the tool, tool geometry, tool tilt angle etc. to find the optimum process parameters. Friction stir welding can be applied on various materials such as aluminum, manganese, copper. Till date majority of the research and development was done on aluminum alloys. This is so because Al alloys are easy to deform at relatively low temperatures (approximately below 550 Celsius). Also, they are easier to weld as compared to other materials. But these days a lot of studies are being conducted on carrying out friction stir processing on steel. This process improves mechanical properties like tensile strength, ductility, micro-hardness etc.
Through constructing their film, the student learned about various technologies useful for pre-production, production, and post-production. In pre-production, they used IMDB, YouTube, and Celtx to research ideas and develop scripts and storyboards. During production, they used a Sony HD camera and zoom recording. In post-production, Final Cut Pro was used for editing and Soundtrack Pro added sound effects and mixing. The student gained knowledge of the capabilities and benefits of these technologies for filmmaking.
The document describes the locations and sizes of dumpsters and garbage receptacles in an alleyway. It notes there are 5 dumpsters measuring 4' by 6' each, 1 rollaway cart, and 1 tallow receptacle measuring 4' by 5'. Garbage is picked up from all of the receptacles 6 days per week in the alley between specific addresses on Chicago and Hinman Streets.
Este documento presenta un programa de formación avanzado en Supervisión y Coaching Sistémicos que se llevará a cabo en Madrid entre 2014 y 2015. El programa cumple con los estándares europeos para la formación en estas disciplinas y proporcionará las herramientas y conocimientos necesarios para ejercer como supervisor o coach profesional desde un enfoque sistémico. El programa abarcará temas como la teoría y práctica de la Supervisión y el Coaching, el modelo sistémico, y objetivos, contenidos y equipo docente
The document discusses Dr. Jack Shephard, the main character from the TV show Lost, and his experience as a spinal surgeon and pilot whose life was changed by a plane crash. It then discusses feelings of inadequacy in one's professional life and how being creative can help solve problems. The Wallas Stages of Creativity are introduced as a framework involving preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification for developing creative solutions to problems. References are provided for the information on the Wallas Stages and on Dr. Jack Shephard's biography.
El documento habla sobre la música "Nachtflug" del compositor alemán Friedrich Schiller. La música fue encontrada en internet junto con imágenes relacionadas y está destinada a ser compartida sin fines de lucro a través de Slideshare, manteniendo los derechos de autor de los creadores originales.
El documento presenta varias exploraciones sobre conceptos de energía. La exploración 1 analiza el sistema de un carrito empujado por una imagen, encontrando que la energía depende de la fuerza aplicada y no es constante. La exploración 2 varía el punto cero de energía potencial de una bola, observando cambios en sus valores. La exploración 3 simula choques elásticos entre carritos, mostrando conservación de la energía total aunque cambia su distribución. La exploración 4 representa choques entre una bola y masa unida a un
El documento habla sobre una pieza musical llamada "Amethystium Ethereal" que contiene imágenes y música tomadas de Internet cuyos derechos pertenecen a sus respectivos creadores. Se utiliza con fines no comerciales en Slideshare.
Em agosto de 2013, o custo da cesta básica no Recife teve redução de 3,43% em relação a julho, atingindo R$ 270,37. Metade dos produtos pesquisados teve redução de preço, destacando-se tomate e feijão. O tempo de trabalho necessário para adquirir a cesta básica foi de 87h44m.
Velázquez se caracterizó por retratar la personalidad de sus sujetos y el uso de la luz y la profundidad. Bernini construyó obras como la Plaza de San Pedro y el Baldaquino. Borromini también fue un artista del período barroco.
El documento habla sobre la implementación de Internet en una universidad ecuatoriana. Explica que se instalaron conexiones de banda ancha de 34Mbps para permitir interconexiones académicas eficientes y rápidas. Además, se priorizan las aplicaciones con audio, video y sonido para evitar saturaciones entre páginas web. El proyecto se implementa en 4 niveles: hardware, protocolos de comunicación, middleware y aplicaciones específicas.
El documento resume los temas discutidos en una mesa redonda sobre educación en Ecuador. Se proponen varios programas y proyectos para mejorar la calidad de la educación, incluyendo el nuevo bachillerato ecuatoriano, programas de apoyo a reservas naturales, abordar problemas étnicos a través de proyectos, y fomentar la educación para prevenir la explotación infantil. También se proponen objetivos para promover la diversidad cultural, proteger el patrimonio, y mejorar la comunicación e información a través de la capacitación y
El documento describe las actividades económicas del antiguo Egipto. Los egipcios cultivaban granos, frutos y algodón, y practicaban la ganadería. Para obtener madera, cobre y otros materiales, realizaban trueques con otros pueblos. El desarrollo de Egipto dependía de la agricultura. Para aumentar las tierras de cultivo, los egipcios construyeron diques y canales para controlar las crecidas del Nilo. Esto llevó a la unificación política de los reinos del Alto y Bajo Egipto
1) The document is Archer Daniels Midland Company's 2006 Annual Report.
2) It discusses the retirement of G. Allen Andreas as CEO and Chairman of the Board after over 30 years of service, during which he led global expansion and improvements in governance.
3) Under his leadership, ADM transitioned from a focus on U.S. processing to a more global business model, establishing leadership positions in important international markets.
El documento resume los temas discutidos en una mesa redonda sobre educación en Ecuador. Se proponen varios programas y proyectos para mejorar la calidad de la educación, incluyendo el nuevo bachillerato ecuatoriano, programas de apoyo a reservas naturales, abordar problemas étnicos a través de proyectos, y fomentar la educación para prevenir la explotación infantil. También se proponen objetivos para promover la diversidad cultural, proteger el patrimonio, y mejorar la comunicación e información a través de la capacitación y
Prediction of Weld Quality of A Tungsten Inertr Gas Welded Mild Steel Pipe Jo...IJERA Editor
The weld quality of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded joint has been investigated to identify the most economical weld parameters that will bring about optimum properties. Response surface methodology has been used in the optimization of the tungsten inert gas weld of mild steel pipes. Response surface methodology, based on the central composite face centered design was generated for the purpose of optimization of the weld quality.All the process parameters have desirability of 1. Tensile strength response for this solution have a desirability of 0.910595 and the yield strength of 0.59. Result showed that minimizing current and voltage an average tensile strength of 535.452MPa and yield strength of up to 408.74MPa can be achieved, while keeping gas flow rate and electrode diameter within the range of test. It was also deduced that tensile elongation of the TIG weld is not influenced by the process parameters selected for the purpose of this study.
“EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MIG WELDING PARAMETERS FOR HARDNESS AND WELD-B...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into the effects of metal inert gas (MIG) welding parameters on hardness and weld bead quality in mild steel. The parameters tested were welding current, voltage, and weld speed. Specimens were welded with varying parameters and tested for hardness using a Rockwell hardness tester and surface quality using scanning electron microscopy. The literature review discusses past research that also investigated how MIG welding parameters affect properties like hardness, tensile strength, and weld bead quality and geometry. The experiments used an L9 orthogonal array to test different parameter levels and analyze the results using ANOVA to determine each parameter's influence.
Review on TIG Welding Ang And A-TIG Welding on Aluminum AlloysIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that studied TIG welding and A-TIG welding of AA5456 aluminum alloys. It investigated the effect of welding parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties. Key findings include:
1) TIG welding with optimized parameters (peak current 80A, base current 40A, speed 230mm/min, frequency 4Hz) produced fine equiaxed grain structure and improved mechanical properties compared to other conditions.
2) A-TIG welding achieved significantly higher weld penetration than conventional TIG welding.
3) Mechanical properties improved by 10-15% after applying post-weld planishing to relieve internal stresses in the weld.
4)
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET- Optimisation of Process Parameters of A-TIG Welding for Penetration an...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experiment that optimized process parameters for activated tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welding of stainless steel plates. A-TIG welding can improve joint penetration compared to traditional TIG welding. The experiment used a Taguchi design of experiments with three parameters (current, gas flow rate, activating flux) at three levels to weld 9 samples of 304L stainless steel. The samples were tested for penetration depth and hardness. Statistical analysis using Signal-to-Noise ratios identified the optimum parameters as 200 amps current, 15 L/min gas flow rate, and a 50% SiO2/50% ZnO flux mixture, which produced the deepest penetration at 5.8880 mm.
Study the Effect of Welding Parameters during TIG Welding of Aluminum Plate a...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Aluminium has very unique properties of light
weight and corrosion resistance and due to this it becomes
very interesting metal in the field of engineering. Mainly this
paper deals with effect and optimization of certain range of
values of process parameters during TIG welding of
aluminium alloy 7075.
In the first cycle of experiment the effect of values
(in wide range) of gas flow rate and welding current during
TIG welding of Aluminium alloy 7075 has been found out on
its mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and
hardness. Visual inspection and dye penetrate test also has
been performed for every sample of welding.
From the results for ultimate tensile strength obtained in first
cycle of experiment, a try has been made to optimize process
parameters in second cycle of experiment by narrowing the
range of values of gas flow rate and welding current. Finally
the near optimal values of gas flow rate and welding current
has been found to get maximum UTS.
Optimization of Process Parameters on Tig Welding to Enhance Mechanical Prope...ijtsrd
Tungsten Inert Gas TIG welding is widely used for weld the thin metal. Alloying metal is also welded by this process. Appearance and quality TIG weld is very superior as compare to other welding process. Melting the work piece and filler rod result in formation of smoke and gases. Helium and Argon are non reactive gases by this property it is used as a shielding gas. Most commonly mixture of Argon and Helium are favored to use for enhanced welding quality because they do not react with each other .Argon and Helium gases protect the welding area from outer environment and helps to maintain a stable arc due to low ionization potential. Aluminum is light in weight and for excellent performance it is used in aerospace industry, aviation, marine industry, automobile, defence and others. TIG welding parameters such as welding current, gas flow rate and welding voltage are taken into account which influences the tensile strength, Hardness and Toughness of aluminum weld joint. Welding parameters are controlled with electronic control units. AC power supply is prefer to used for aluminium as compare to DC power supply because of its low melting point aluminium melt at low temperature Ravinder Kumar | Dr. Dinesh Kumar ""Optimization of Process Parameters on Tig Welding to Enhance Mechanical Properties of AA-6351 T6 Alloy"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23831.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23831/optimization-of-process-parameters-on-tig-welding-to-enhance-mechanical-properties-of-aa-6351-t6-alloy/ravinder-kumar
Optimization of mig welding process parameters for maximum yield strength in ...AJIT HOODA
This document discusses optimizing MIG welding process parameters to predict the maximum yield strength of AISI 1040 steel joints. Experiments were conducted using a four-factor design to study the effects of welding voltage, current, wire speed, and gas flow rate. Response surface methodology was used to develop a model relating the parameters to yield strength and to optimize the parameters for maximum strength. The model can predict yield strength and identify the optimal welding conditions for strong AISI 1040 steel welds.
An Investigation on Effect of Welding Speed on Strength of Welded Joint using...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the effect of welding speed on the strength of welds using the TIG welding process. Specifically, it examines welding aluminum alloy AA6063 and AA5083 at various speeds ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 cm/sec. Tensile tests were performed on specimens welded at different speeds. The results showed that maximum tensile strength of 234 MPa was achieved at a welding speed of 0.6 cm/sec, while strength decreased at the highest speed of 1.2 cm/sec. In general, welding strength was lower than the base metal. The study aimed to determine the optimal welding speed to achieve high weld strength.
A review on techniques for optimizing process parameters for TIG Welding Alum...ijsrd.com
Tungsten inert gas welding is one of the widely used techniques for joining ferrous and non-ferrous metals. TIG welding offers several advantages like joining of dissimilar metals, low heat affected zone, absence of slag etc. Gas tungsten arc welding, GTAW, uses a non consumable electrode to produce the weld. Weld area is protected from atmospheric contamination by a shielding gas (usually inert gas such as argon) and a filler material is normally used. The weld pool is easily controlled such that unbaked root passes can be made, the arc is stable at very low welding currents enabling thin components to be welded and the process produces very good quality weld metal, although highly skilled welders are required for the best results. The welding parameters are selected by operator based on experience or from a handbook. However, this does not ensure that the selected welding process parameters can produce the optimal or near optimal weld pool geometry for that particular welding machine and environment. The aim of this paper is to review the techniques of optimizing process parameters of TIG welding process.
IRJET-Multi-Response Optimization of Process Parameters of TIG Welding for Di...IRJET Journal
This document discusses optimizing process parameters for TIG welding of dissimilar metals stainless steel SS-304 and mild steel Fe-410. It investigates the effects of current, gas flow rate, and root gap on the tensile strength and percentage elongation of the welded joints. Experiments are conducted using an L9 orthogonal array to vary the input parameters. Tensile testing is performed on the welded samples and ANOVA is used to analyze the results. Current is found to contribute most to tensile strength, while current contributes most to percentage elongation. Grey relational analysis is used to optimize the multiple responses of tensile strength and percentage elongation simultaneously.
A Review: Parametric effect on mechanical properties and weld bead geometry o...IOSR Journals
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is high quality and high precision welding process which are
suitable for welding thin metals. Inert gas as helium and argon are used as a shielding gas to prevent the weld
bead from air, dust and other contaminations in welding. There are so many welding process parameter affect
the weld quality in GTAW. Important process parameter which mainly affect the weld quality are welding
current, arc voltage, welding speed, gas flow rate, heat input, gun angle, stand of distance and specimen
thickness. Important quality parameters in GTAW process are depth of penetration and weld bead geometry.
Depth of penetration and weld bead width both are affected by welding speed. As welding speed increases,
depth of penetration increases but weld bead width decreases. The weld joint quality can be assessed in terms of
weld bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion. Post weld heat treatment is done to improve the
weld quality by solutioning and aging which results in refinement of grain size and thus, mechanical properties
of weld joint improved. Heat input effects the filler rod deposition rate in the form of droplets in weld bead. This
paper covers review of process parameters of GTAW and their effect on weld quality.
Optimization of the welding parameters in resistance spot weldingIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an analysis of resistance spot welding parameters on CRCA steel sheets using Taguchi methods. The authors conducted experiments varying welding current, electrode force, and welding time according to an L9 orthogonal array. Tensile shear strength was evaluated as the output parameter. Analysis of variance found welding current to be the most influential parameter, contributing 49.72% to strength. Optimal parameters were determined to be high current of 13.5 kA, medium electrode force of 4 kN, and high welding time of 10 seconds. Taguchi methods allowed determination of optimal resistance spot welding parameters for maximum tensile shear strength.
Application of Taguchi Method to Study the Effect of Saw Parameters on Nickel...IJERA Editor
Submerged arc welding is most widely used in industries and research organizations. In this work the effect of of various parameters on Nickel element transfer was studied. L9 Orthogonal array was used & three factors Welding Current, Arc Voltage, Welding Speed were taken. Test material was AISI SS 304 plates. It is concluded that welding current is the most significant factor for the transfer of Nickel element to the weld metal. It is also concluded that with an increase in the value of arc voltage & welding speed Nickel element shows a decreasing trend
Study on laser hardening parameters of ASTM Grade 3 pure titanium on an angle...Premier Publishers
This research paper includes the laser transformation hardening of commercially pure titanium sheet of 1.6mm thickness is investigated using CW Nd:YAG laser. Commercially pure titanium has prevalent application in various fields of industries including the medical, nuclear, thermal, marine, defense, automobile aerospace and pharmaceutical industries. A FFD with RSM is employed to establish, optimize and to investigate the relationships of three laser transformation hardening process parameters: laser power, scanning speed, and focused position on laser hardened bead profile parameters such as angle of entry of hardened bead profile and power density. RSM is used to develop pseudo-closed-form models from the computational parametric studies. Adequacies of developed models were analyzed by ANOVA. Effects of laser process parameters on an angle of entry of hardened bead profile and power density were also carried out using RSM. The laser power and scanning speed consecutively have a positive and significant effect on angle of entry of hardened bead profile and power density respectively as compared to the focal point position among all laser hardening process parameters. The optimum laser hardening conditions are identified sequentially to minimize an angle of entry of hardened profile, power density. The validation results demonstrate that the developed models are accurate with low percentages of error.
IRJET- A Review on Parametric Optimization of Aluminium Alloy 5754 For MI...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on optimizing parameters for metal inert gas (MIG) welding of aluminum alloy 5754. MIG welding parameters like current, voltage, welding speed, wire feed rate, and gas flow rate influence properties of the weld like strength, geometry, and microstructure. Previous studies optimized these parameters using Taguchi methods to obtain the best combination for quality. One study found that increasing voltage and gas flow rate while decreasing current improved weld strength. High-speed imaging was also used to show that continuous and pulsed ultrasonic-assisted MIG welding reduce necking and increase penetration compared to conventional MIG. Overall, the document discusses how optimization of MIG parameters can improve weld quality for aluminum alloy 5754
Experimental Investigation of Resistance Spot Welding of IF Steel SheetsIRJET Journal
The document describes an experimental investigation into optimizing the resistance spot welding (RSW) parameters for welding interstitial free (IF) steel sheets. The researchers conducted RSW experiments using different levels of welding current, time, and pressure based on a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design of experiments. They measured the tensile-shear (T-S) strength of each weld and analyzed the results using the Signal-to-Noise ratio to determine the optimal welding parameters. Their goal was to maximize weld quality and T-S strength by optimizing the RSW input parameters for IF steel sheets using the Taguchi method.
Review on the parametric optimizaton of Tig weldingIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review on the parametric optimization of TIG welding. It discusses how TIG welding works and the various parameters that can be optimized, such as welding current, gas flow rate, welding speed, and electrode type. The document reviews several other studies that examined how adjusting these TIG welding parameters impacted outcomes like tensile strength and hardness. It was found that parameters like welding current and arc voltage most significantly affected tensile strength. In conclusion, optimizing TIG welding parameters can improve properties of the weld like strength and hardness.
The document describes research into developing an aluminum metal matrix composite (AMMC) with optimal mechanical properties. Samples of AMMC were created with different aluminum alloys, reinforcement materials, particle sizes, and percentages using stir casting. Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array was used to conduct experiments. The samples were tested for properties like tensile strength, impact strength, hardness, and density. Grey-fuzzy analysis was used to analyze the test results and identify the optimal combination of influential factors to develop an AMMC with good mechanical properties. A new sample was created and tested based on the identified optimal combination.
Optimization of WEDM Process Parameters on Titanium Alloy Using Taguchi MethodIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Optimization of WEDM Process Parameters on Titanium Alloy Using Taguchi Method
Ah32230236
1. Palani.P.K, Saju.M / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.230-236
Modelling And Optimization Of Process Parameters For Tig
Welding Of Aluminium-65032 Using Response Surface
Methodology
Palani.P.K1 , Saju.M2,
Associate Professor 1 , PG Scholar 2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore.
Abstract
Tungsten inert gas welding is one of the properties, exhibits good weld ability and is one of
widely used techniques for joining ferrous and the most common alloys of aluminium. Chemical
non ferrous metals. TIG welding offers several composition [1] of Al-65032 is given in table 1
advantages like joining of dissimilar metals, low Table 1: Chemical composition of Aluminium –
heat affected zone, absence of slag etc. The aim of 65032
this paper is to investigate the effect of TIG Al Si Fe Cu Mn Cr Zi Ti
welding process parameters on welding of 97.53 0.4- <0.7 0.15 – <0.15 0.04- <0.25 <0.15
Aluminium-65032. Response Surface 0.8 0.4 0.35
Methodology was used to conduct the Application of Al – 65032 alloy includes
experiments. The parameters selected for construction of aircraft structures, construction of
controlling the process are welding speed, boats, bicycle frames and components, automobile
current and gas flow rate. Strength of welded parts, cans for packing of food stuffs and beverages
joints were tested by a UTM. Percent elongation etc.
was also calculated to evaluate the ductility of the
welded joint. From the results of the 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
experiments, mathematical models have been G.Haragopal et al. (2011) [1] used Taguchi
developed to study the effect of process method to study the effect of gas
parameters on tensile strength and percent pressure,current,grooveangle and preheat on MIG
elongation. Optimization was done to find welding of Aluminium alloy(Al-65032). They
optimum welding conditions to maximize tensile indicated that welding current has more effect
strength and percent elongation of welded ultimate tensile strength whereas gas pressure is the
specimen. Confirmation tests were also most significant parameter for proof stress,
conducted to validate the optimum parameter elongation and impact energy.
settings. G.Padmanaban et al (2011) [2] studied the
effect of optimization of pulsed current gas tungsten
Keywords: TIG welding, Al-65032, Ultimate arc welding process parameters on tensile strength
Tensile Strength, Response Surface Methodology. in AZ31B magnesium alloy. Result showed that
maximum tensile strength of 188Mpa was obtained
1. INTRODUCTION under the welding condition of peak current of 210
1.1 WELDING A, base current of 80A, pulse frequency of 6 Hz and
Welding is a fabrication process that joins pulse on time of 50%.
materials, usually metals or thermoplastics by R.Satish et al. (2012) [3] studied
causing coalescence. Gas tungsten arc welding, weldability and process parameter optimization of
GTAW, also known as tungsten inert gas welding, is dissimilar pipe joints using GTAW. Taguchi method
an arc welding process that uses a non consumable was used to formulate the experimental layout to
electrode to produce the weld. Weld area is rank the welding input parameters which affects
protected from atmospheric contamination by a quality of weld. Results showed that lower heat
shielding gas (usually inert gas such as argon) and a input resulted in lower tensile strength and too high
filler material is normally used.GTAW is most heat input also resulted in reduced tensile strength.
commonly used to weld thin sections of stainless Dr.Kumar et al (2009) [4] investigated the effect of
steel and non ferrous metals such as aluminium, process parameters on GTAW for Al-7039 alloy.
magnesium and copper alloys. Taguchi method is used to formulate the
Aluminium based alloys have been widely used in experimental layout to analyze the effect of each
automobile structures due to their unique properties process parameters on bead geometry.
such as high strength to weight ratio. Narongchai Sathavornvichit et al, (2006)
1.2 Aluminium – 65032 [5] determined the optimal factors of Flux cored arc
Aluminium – 65032 is a precipitation hardening welding process for steel ST37.Experiments were
aluminium alloy [1], which has good mechanical conducted by central composite design,They found
230 | P a g e
2. Palani.P.K, Saju.M / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.230-236
that optimum conditions were 300ampere of Table 2: Factors & Levels
current,30volt of voltage,45mm of stickout and 60 Levels
degrees of angle.
Notation
Ugur esme et al.(2009) [6] investigated the Factors
-1 0 +1
multi response optimization of tungsten inert gas
welding for an optimal parametric combination to
Welding speed (mm / S 150 175 200
yield favorable bead geometry of welded joints
min)
using grey relational analysis and Taguchi method.
The significance of factors on overall quality Welder current (Amps) I 100 110 120
characteristics of the weldment has also been Gas flow rate (LPM) L 10 11 12
evaluated quantitatively by the analysis of variance RSM also quantifies relationships among one or
method. more measured responses and the vital input factors.
M.Balasubramanian et al (2009) [7] studied The version 14 of the MINITAB software was used
the weld pool geometry of pulsed current gas to develop the experimental plan for RSM.
tungsten arc welded titanium alloy using central
composite design. Mathematical models were 3.2 Central Composite Design (CCD)
developed. Lexicographic method was used to The first requirement for RSM involves the
optimize process parameters. design of experiments to achieve adequate and
Erdal Karadeniz et al (2007) [8] studied reliable measurement of the response of interest. To
the effects of various welding parameters on meet this requirement, an appropriate experimental
welding penetration in ERD emir 6842 steel having design technique has to be employed. The
2.5mm thickness welded by robotic gas metal arc experimental design techniques commonly used for
welding. welding current ,welding speed and arc process analysis and modelling are the full factorial,
voltage were chosen as process parameters. The partial factorial and central composite designs. A
depth of penetration were measured for each full factorial design requires at least three levels per
specimen and effect of these parameters on variable to estimate the coefficients of the quadratic
penetration were researched. From the study, it is terms in the response model A partial factorial
found that increasing welding current increased the design requires fewer experiments than the full
depth of penetration. factorial design However, the former is particularly
D.S.Nagesh et al (2002) [9] studied that useful if certain variables are already known to
bead geometry and penetration are important show no interaction. An effective alternative to
physical characteristic of a weldament. It was factorial design is central composite design (CCD),
observed that high arc travel rate or low arc power [5, 13-14] requires many fewer tests than the full
normally produce poor fusion. A neural network factorial design and has been shown to be sufficient
was developed for estimating weld bead and to describe the majority of steady-state process
penetration geometric parameters. responses. Hence in this study, it was decided to use
From the literatures, it is observed that only CCD to design the experiments. Hence the total
few works have been reported on the study of TIG number of tests required for the three independent
welding process parameters for welding of variables is 23 + (2x3 + 6 = 20. Once the desired
Aluminium-65032. Therefore the aim of the present ranges of values of the variables are defined, they
study is to investigate the effect of TIG welding are coded to lie at ±1 for the factorial points, 0 for
process parameters on the welding of Al-65032.The the center points and ±p for the axial points.
experiments were conducted using a statistical
technique called Design of Experiments (DOE). 3.4 Factors and Levels
In this study three parameters have been
chosen for analysis. They are welding speed,
3. METHODOLOGY OF
welding current and gas flow rate [3-4, 12]. Several
INVESTIGATION trial runs were conducted to determine the range of
3.1 Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
parameters. The levels for parameters finally
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a
chosen are shown in table 2.
collection of statistical and mathematical techniques
useful for developing, improving, and optimizing
processes [2, 10-11]. With this technique, the effect
of two or more factors on quality criteria can be
investigated and optimum values are obtained. In
RSM design there should be at least three levels for
each factor.
231 | P a g e
3. Palani.P.K, Saju.M / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.230-236
Table 3: central Composite Design Matrix Welding process has been carried out in TIG
Gas flow welding machine. Experiments were conducted
Exp Welding speed Welding based on central composite design matrix [5]
rate
No. (mm / min) current ( A) which is given in Table 4.
( LPM)
1. -1 -1 -1
2. 1 -1 -1
3. -1 1 -1
4. 1 1 -1
5. -1 -1 1
6. 1 -1 1
7. -1 1 1
8. 1 1 1
9. -1 0 0
10. 1 0 0
11. 0 -1 0
12. 0 1 0
13. 0 0 -1
14. 0 0 1 Fig. 1 Photos of Welded Specimen
15. 0 0 0
16. 0 0 0 4.2 Tensile Testing
17. 0 0 0 The ultimate tensile strength of the
18. 0 0 0 machined specimen were tested in the calibrated
19. 0 0 0 universal tensile testing machine. Percent elongation
20. 0 0 0 was also calculated. Tensile test carried out
according to ASTM standards, using specimen
Table 4: Experimental Design Variables prepared as shown in Fig.2
Welding Welding Gas flow
Exp
speed current rate
No.
( mm / min) (A) (LPM)
1. 150 100 10
2. 200 100 10
3. 150 120 10
4. 200 120 10
5. 150 100 12
6. 200 100 12 Fig.2 Dimensions of tensile test specimen
4.2.1 Test Specimen
7. 150 120 12
Welded joints were machined for conducting tensile
8. 200 120 12
test. Test specimen prepared according to ASTM
9. 150 110 11
Standards is shown in Fig 3.
10. 200 110 11
11. 175 100 11
12. 175 120 11
13. 175 110 10
14. 175 110 12
15. 175 110 11
16. 175 110 11
17. 175 110 11
18. 175 110 11
19. 175 110 11
20. 175 110 11
4. EXPERIMENTAL WORK Fig.3 Test Specimen
4.1 Experimental Procedure The Tensile test was carried out in the
Welding specimen has been prepared to servo controlled universal testing machine with
fabricate TIG welded joints. Aluminium alloy 65032 1000 KN load capacity. The specimen is loaded at
specimen (75mm x 75mm x 3mm) in the specified the rate of 0.1KN/Min. Due to the pulling effect of
dimension was considered for welding of square machine, tensile specimen undergoes deformation.
butt joints. Twenty specimens were tested at each condition,
232 | P a g e
4. Palani.P.K, Saju.M / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.230-236
ultimate tensile strength and percent elongation
were calculated Contribution
Source DF SS MS F P
(%)
Regression 9 1465.6 1465.6 6.55 0.004 85.49
Model
Linear 3 999.83 999.83 13.40 0.001 58
Square 3 452.52 452.52 6.07 0.013 26.39
Interaction 3 13.25 13.25 0.18 0.909 0.77
Residual 10 248.64 248.64 - - -
Error
Lack of Fit 5 222.24 222.24 8.42 0.018 12.96
Pure Error 5 26.4 26.4 -
Total 19 1714.24 - 100
5.3 Model coefficients for UTS.
Fig.4 Specimen after tensile test Table 7
Table 5:. Tensile strength and % Elongation values
Term Coef Term Coef Term Coef
Gas Constant Welding Welding
Welding Welding Tensile
Exp. Flow % 96.138 speed*welding 10.6045 speed*welding 0.1250
Speed Current Strength
No Rate Elongation speed current
(Mm/Min) (Amps) (Mpa)
(Lpm)
Welding Welding Welding
1 150 100 10 112.7 6.12 -
speed -9.75 current*welding -2.4955 speed*gas
2 200 100 10 98.6 5.8 1.2750
current flow rate
3 150 120 10 109.3 6.1 Welding Welding
4 200 120 10 88 5.55 Gas flow rate
current -2.17 0.3545 current*gas 0.1250
5 150 100 12 122.6 6.25 *gas flow rate
flow rate
6 200 100 12 95.7 5.6 Gas
7 150 120 12 112 6.15 flow 0.46 - - - -
8 200 120 12 93.3 5.7 rate
9 150 110 11 117.3 6.20 Table 6 shows ANOVA table corresponding to
10 200 110 11 100.8 5.9 ultimate tensile strength. Linear has great
11 175 100 11 93.3 5.65 percentage of contribution on UTS and Interaction
12 175 120 11 98.6 5.85 has less percentage of contribution on UTS.
Table 7 shows estimated model coefficients for
13 175 110 10 104 5.95
ultimate tensile strength.
14 175 110 12 93.6 5.65 5.4 Estimated regression Model for UTS
15 175 110 11 96 5.75 From Regression analysis, a mathematical model for
16 175 110 11 96 5.75 predicting UTS in terms of welding speed, current
17 175 110 11 93 5.6 and gas flow rate is developed and is given below.
18 175 110 11 96 5.7 UTS = 96.138 – 9.75 x S – 2.17 x I + 0.46x L +
19 175 110 11 90.6 5.55 10.6045 x S2 – 2.4955 x I2 + 0.3545 x L2 + 0.1250 x
20 175 110 11 96 5.75 S xI – 1.2750 x S x L + 0.1250 x A x L.
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5.5 Analysis of variance for % Elongation
5.1 Analysis of variance Table 8: ANOVA For %Elongation
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is similar S = 0.1397, R-sq = 80.0% R-sq (adj) = 75.21%
to regression in that it is used to investigate and
model the relationship between a response variable
and one or more independent variables.
In this study general linear model is used to
determine the influence of welding speed, current
and gas flow rate on ultimate tensile strength and %
Elongation.
5.2 Analysis of variance for UTS
Table 6: ANOVA For UTS
S = 4.986, R-sq = 85.5% R-sq (adj) = 75.1%
233 | P a g e
5. Palani.P.K, Saju.M / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.230-236
Table 10: Response optimization for process
Contribution parameter
Source DF SS MS F P
(%)
Regression 9 0.77857 0.86508 4.43 0.015 80.4 Optimum
Model Predicte
Combination
Para Go d
Weldi Gas
Curren
Target
Lower
Upper
Linear 3 0.51867 0.1728 8.86 0.004 52.37 meters al Respons
ng flow
e
speed rate
t
Square 3 0.24406 0.081 4.17 0.037 24.74 Tensile Ma 108.38 11.9 122. 122.
150 88 119.1298
strength x 5 9 6 6
Interaction 3 0.01584 0.0052 0.27 0.845 0.0162
%
Ma 108.38 11.9 5.5
Residual 10 0.19509 0.019 - - - Elongat 150 6.25 6.25 6.21
x 5 9 5
Error ion
Lack of Fit 5 0.15675 0.031 4.09 0.047 -
Pure Error 5 0.03833 0.007 - - -
Total 19 0.97366 - - 100
5.6 Model Coefficients For Percent Elongation.
Table 9
Term Coef Term Coef Term Coef
Fig 5. Optimization using MINITAB VI4 Software
Constan Welding Welding
-
t 5.730 speed*welding 0.2486 speed*weldin
0.00375 5.9 Effect of process parameters on UTS
speed g current
The main effects of the plot, for UTS with
Welding Welding Welding the process parameter of welding speed, current and
-
speed -0.227 current*weldin speed*gas -0.2875 gas flow rate were shown in Fig.5.2. Graph shows
0.05136
g current flow rate that UTS decreases from 115 MPa to 95 MPa. when
Welding Welding welding speed increases from 150mm/min to 200
Gas flow rate -
current -0.017 current*gas 0.03375 mm/min,because of less penetration depth. UTS
*gas flow rate 0.00136
flow rate decreases from 105 MPa to 101MPa when current
Gas changes from 100 Amps to 120 Amps, due to the
0.007
flow result of increased input heat associated with the use
of higher current. As gas flow rate changes from 10
Table 8 shows the ANOVA table LPM to 12 LPM,UTS increases from 103Mpa to
corresponding to % Elongation. This table shows 104Mpa,due to decrease in the porosity level of
that main effects of welding speed, current and gas weld metal. Fig 7 is contour plot, is a graphic
flow rate are all significant with respect to percent representation of the relationship among three
elongation. Table 9 shows estimated model numeric variables in two dimensions
coefficients for percent elongation.
5.7 Estimated Regression model for % Elongation
%Elongation = 5.730 – 0.227 x S - 0.017 x I – 0.007
x L + 0.2486 x S2 - 0.05136 x I2 - 0.00136 x L 2 -
0.00375 x S x I – 0.2875 x S xL + 0.03375 x I x L.
5.8 Optimization of process Parameters
One of the most important aims of
experiments related to welding is to achieve high
value of tensile strength and Elongation. The
response surface optimization is a technique for
determining best welding parameter combination[6-
7,13]. Here the goal is to maximize UTS and %
Elongation. RSM optimization result for UTS and
% Elongation is shown in Fig 5. Optimum
parameters obtained are shown in table 1 Fig.6 Main effect plot for UTS
234 | P a g e
6. Palani.P.K, Saju.M / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.230-236
6. CONCLUSION
The effect of TIG welding parameters like
welding speed, current and gas flow rate on ultimate
tensile strength and percent elongation in welding of
Al-65032 has been studied. Experiments were
conducted using central composite design matrix
and mathematical models have been developed.
From the study it was observed that welding speed
has the most significant effect on both UTS and
percent Elongation followed by welding current.
However gas flow rate has least significant
influence on both UTS and percent elongation.
Optimization was done to maximize UTS and
percent elongation. Predicted properties at optimum
condition are verified with a confirmation test and
Fig.7 Contour plot for UTS are found within the limits.
5.10 Effect of Process parameters on Percent REFERENCES
Elongation [1] G.Hargopal, P.V.R.Ravindra reddy,
The main effect plot shows that value of “Parameter design for MIG welding of Al-
percent elongation decreases as welding speed 65032 alloy using Taguchi technique”,
increases from 150mm/min to 200mm/min. it is due Journal of scientific and industrial
to the fact that orientation of the grains has the research, vol 70,2011,pp.844-850.
predominant effect on the decreased ductility with [2] G.Padmanaban, V.Balasubramanian,
increasing travel speed. As current changes from “Optimization of pulsed current gas
100A to 120 Amps, percent elongation decreases tungsten arc welding process parameters to
due to high heat input. When gas flow rate increases attain maximum tensile strength in AZ31B
from 10 LPM to 12 LPM,percent elongation magnesium alloy”, Trans.Non ferrous
decreases. Fig. 9 shows the contour plot for percent Met.soc.china 21,2011,467-476.
Elongation at Constant welding speed, current and [3] R.Satish, B.Naveen, “Weldability and
gas flow rate. process parameter optimization of
dissimilar pipe joints using
GTAW”.International Journal of
Engineering research and applications,
vol2,2012, pp.I2525-2530.
[4] Dr.P.Kunar, Dr.K.P.Kohle, “Process
optimization of pulsed GTAW process for
Al-7039 alloy using Ar+He Gas “,IE(I)
Journal-MC vol 9,2011.
[5] Narongchai Sathavornvichit,et al “Central
composite design in Optimization of the
factors of automatic flux cored arc welding
for steel ST37”Regional conference on
Fig. 8 Main effects plot for percent elongation mathematics, university
sains,Malaysia,june 13-15,2006.
[6] Ugur Esme, Melih Bayramoglu,
“Optimization of weld bead geometry in
TIG welding process using grey relation
analysis and taguchi method”, Original
scientific article MTAEC9, 43(3),2009,pp
143-149.
[7] M.Balasubramanian,V.Jayabalan,“Predictio
n and optimization of Pulsed current gas
tungsten arc welding process parameters to
obtain sound weld pool geometry in
Titanium alloy using lexicographic
method”,JMEPEG 18,2009,pp 871-877.
[8] Erdal Karadeniz, Ugur Ozsarac, “The
effect of process parameters on penetration
Fig 9. Contour plot for % Elongation
235 | P a g e
7. Palani.P.K, Saju.M / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.230-236
in gas metal arc welding process”,
Materials and designs 28,pp 649-656,2007.
[9] D.S.Nagesh, G.L.Datta, “Prediction of
weld bead geometry and penetration in
shielded metal arc welding using artificial
neural network”, Journal of material
processing technology, 123,pp 303-
312,2002
[10] P.K.Palani, N.Murugan, “optimization of
weld bead geometry for stainless steel
claddings deposited by FCAW” Journal of
material processing technology,vol
190,2007,pp.291-299
[11] P.K Palani, N.Murugan, “Modeling and
analysis of pitting corrosion resistance of
stainless steel overlays deposited by Flux
cored arc welding”. Journal of surface
engineering, vol 24, 2008, pp 422-430.
[12] B.Chan, J.Pacey, “Modelling gas metal arc
weld geometry using artificial neural
network technology”, Canadian
metallurgical quarterly, vol 38, 1999.
[13] Parmer R.S., Welding Engineering and
Technology, Khanna publishers,1997.
[14] P K Palani, N Murugan, “Prediction of
Delta ferrite content and effect of welding
process Parameters in claddings by
FCAW.Materials and Manufacturing
processes”, 21:431-438,2005.
[15] P.K.Palani, N.Murugan, “Development of
mathematical models for prediction of
Weld bead geometry in cladding by flux
Cored arc welding”. Int J Adv Manuf
Technol ,2006, 30: 669-676
236 | P a g e