IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Qualityand productivity play important role in today’s manufacturing market. Now a
day’s due to very stiff and cut throat competitive market condition in manufacturing industries. The
main objective of industries reveals with producing better quality product at minimum cost and increase
productivity. Welding is the most vital and common operation use for joining of two similar and
dissimilar parts.In the present research paper an attempt is made to understand various welding
techniques and to find the best welding technique for steel. Special focuses have been put on TIG and
MIG welding. On hardness testing machine and UTM various characteristics such as strength,
hardness, modulus of rigidity, ductility, breaking point, % elongation etc. at constant voltage were
analyzed.
Finite element simulation of hybrid welding process for welding 304 austeniti...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Study the Effect of Welding Parameters during TIG Welding of Aluminum Plate a...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Aluminium has very unique properties of light
weight and corrosion resistance and due to this it becomes
very interesting metal in the field of engineering. Mainly this
paper deals with effect and optimization of certain range of
values of process parameters during TIG welding of
aluminium alloy 7075.
In the first cycle of experiment the effect of values
(in wide range) of gas flow rate and welding current during
TIG welding of Aluminium alloy 7075 has been found out on
its mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and
hardness. Visual inspection and dye penetrate test also has
been performed for every sample of welding.
From the results for ultimate tensile strength obtained in first
cycle of experiment, a try has been made to optimize process
parameters in second cycle of experiment by narrowing the
range of values of gas flow rate and welding current. Finally
the near optimal values of gas flow rate and welding current
has been found to get maximum UTS.
A Review: Parametric effect on mechanical properties and weld bead geometry o...IOSR Journals
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is high quality and high precision welding process which are
suitable for welding thin metals. Inert gas as helium and argon are used as a shielding gas to prevent the weld
bead from air, dust and other contaminations in welding. There are so many welding process parameter affect
the weld quality in GTAW. Important process parameter which mainly affect the weld quality are welding
current, arc voltage, welding speed, gas flow rate, heat input, gun angle, stand of distance and specimen
thickness. Important quality parameters in GTAW process are depth of penetration and weld bead geometry.
Depth of penetration and weld bead width both are affected by welding speed. As welding speed increases,
depth of penetration increases but weld bead width decreases. The weld joint quality can be assessed in terms of
weld bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion. Post weld heat treatment is done to improve the
weld quality by solutioning and aging which results in refinement of grain size and thus, mechanical properties
of weld joint improved. Heat input effects the filler rod deposition rate in the form of droplets in weld bead. This
paper covers review of process parameters of GTAW and their effect on weld quality.
At present scenario, INCONEL alloy 625 becomes widely used material in aero industry due to its High
tensile, creep, and rupture strength, outstanding fatigue and thermal-fatigue strength, oxidation resistance, and
excellent weld ability properties. In present work, the plates of 50mm×50mm×3mm are modelled and assembled
for v-butt joint using solid works. This model is imported in the FEA software (ANSYS) to carry out the transient
thermal analysis. The analysis is carried out with different combinations of welding parameters such as voltage,
current, velocity, speed and melting efficiency. From the analysis result, the temperature distribution at various
locations around the weld bead is evaluated. From structural analysis result, the distortion of work piece due to the
thermal effect is analysed.
Qualityand productivity play important role in today’s manufacturing market. Now a
day’s due to very stiff and cut throat competitive market condition in manufacturing industries. The
main objective of industries reveals with producing better quality product at minimum cost and increase
productivity. Welding is the most vital and common operation use for joining of two similar and
dissimilar parts.In the present research paper an attempt is made to understand various welding
techniques and to find the best welding technique for steel. Special focuses have been put on TIG and
MIG welding. On hardness testing machine and UTM various characteristics such as strength,
hardness, modulus of rigidity, ductility, breaking point, % elongation etc. at constant voltage were
analyzed.
Finite element simulation of hybrid welding process for welding 304 austeniti...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Study the Effect of Welding Parameters during TIG Welding of Aluminum Plate a...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Aluminium has very unique properties of light
weight and corrosion resistance and due to this it becomes
very interesting metal in the field of engineering. Mainly this
paper deals with effect and optimization of certain range of
values of process parameters during TIG welding of
aluminium alloy 7075.
In the first cycle of experiment the effect of values
(in wide range) of gas flow rate and welding current during
TIG welding of Aluminium alloy 7075 has been found out on
its mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and
hardness. Visual inspection and dye penetrate test also has
been performed for every sample of welding.
From the results for ultimate tensile strength obtained in first
cycle of experiment, a try has been made to optimize process
parameters in second cycle of experiment by narrowing the
range of values of gas flow rate and welding current. Finally
the near optimal values of gas flow rate and welding current
has been found to get maximum UTS.
A Review: Parametric effect on mechanical properties and weld bead geometry o...IOSR Journals
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is high quality and high precision welding process which are
suitable for welding thin metals. Inert gas as helium and argon are used as a shielding gas to prevent the weld
bead from air, dust and other contaminations in welding. There are so many welding process parameter affect
the weld quality in GTAW. Important process parameter which mainly affect the weld quality are welding
current, arc voltage, welding speed, gas flow rate, heat input, gun angle, stand of distance and specimen
thickness. Important quality parameters in GTAW process are depth of penetration and weld bead geometry.
Depth of penetration and weld bead width both are affected by welding speed. As welding speed increases,
depth of penetration increases but weld bead width decreases. The weld joint quality can be assessed in terms of
weld bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion. Post weld heat treatment is done to improve the
weld quality by solutioning and aging which results in refinement of grain size and thus, mechanical properties
of weld joint improved. Heat input effects the filler rod deposition rate in the form of droplets in weld bead. This
paper covers review of process parameters of GTAW and their effect on weld quality.
At present scenario, INCONEL alloy 625 becomes widely used material in aero industry due to its High
tensile, creep, and rupture strength, outstanding fatigue and thermal-fatigue strength, oxidation resistance, and
excellent weld ability properties. In present work, the plates of 50mm×50mm×3mm are modelled and assembled
for v-butt joint using solid works. This model is imported in the FEA software (ANSYS) to carry out the transient
thermal analysis. The analysis is carried out with different combinations of welding parameters such as voltage,
current, velocity, speed and melting efficiency. From the analysis result, the temperature distribution at various
locations around the weld bead is evaluated. From structural analysis result, the distortion of work piece due to the
thermal effect is analysed.
Effect of configuration on lateral displacement and cost of the structure for...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The choice of a cost effective lateral-force-resisting system for high-rise structures is challenging. There is no streamlined methodology to quantitatively compare the cost-effectiveness of each system beyond the more qualitative perception based evaluation of advantages or disadvantages. Developers currently base their decisions on architectural layout and structural integrity. Cost considerations are often primarily based on experience.
This decision making process has three primary shortfalls.
1) It may not incorporate factors which greatly affect the economy of a particular framing system.
2) It may not allow engineers to carryout designs at the least cost.
3) Comparison of framing systems may not address the specific building types.
This investigation proposes a prototype cost-effective model for selecting either a skeleton framing system or skeleton frame with bracing system for steel structural frames. A model for selecting cost-effective skeleton framing system or skeleton frame with bracing system will be a valuable tool for all decision makers. Engineers, in particular, will be able to select optimal steel framing faster, thus reducing design time and iterations. Furthermore, selection of economic framing system will also result in direct cost savings for steel structural frames.
The study involves the design and cost estimation of steel frames representing skeleton framing system and skeleton frame with bracingsystem. The cost effectiveness of the framing systems are compared based on lateral displacement requirements and cost.The preferred framing system should meet lateral displacement requirements and is lower in cost. The results of this pilot study showed that the Skelton framing system with bracing is the cost-effective choice for 30storeys steel space frames at wind speeds of 55m/sec, 50m/sec and 47m/sec.
Keywords: Bracings, SFS (Skeleton framing system), SFWB (Skeleton frame with bracing system) etc…
Effect of chromium powder mixed dielectric on performance characteristic of a...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of chromium powder mixed dielectric fluid on machining characteristics of AISI D2 die steel has been studied. Peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time, concentration of powder are the process parameters. The process performance is measured in terms of material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR). The research outcome will identify the important process parameters that maximize MRR, minimize TWR and SR. The design of experiment has been undertaken using Taguchi method. ANOVA analysis has been used to investigate the percentage contribution of each process parameter for optimizing the performance. The study indicates that all the selected parameters except pulse off time have a significant effect on MRR. Current is found to be the most significant factor for MRR and TWR. With increase in current, TWR increases. Also, surface roughness increases with increase in pulse off time.
Keywords: PMEDM, Material removal rate, Tool wear rate, Surface roughness, Taguchi method
Parametric optimization of metal inert gas welding by using taguchi approacheSAT Journals
Abstract
The present work deals with optimization of welding process variables by using Metal inert gas welding. In this process input
variables are voltage (V), current (A) and welding speed(S) with tensile properties, hardness, and penetration as responses of low
carbon steel (ASTM A29). The design of experiments based on Taguchi orthogonal array [L9], acquires Analysis of variance
(ANOVA) to determine the influence of parameters with the optimal condition.
Keywords: MIG Welding, Mild Steel, Taguchi Approach, Hardness, Tensile Strength.
A REVIEW STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETERS ON WELD BEAD GEOMETRY AND ...Editor IJMTER
submerged arc welding is most efficient welding process in any fabrication industry. It is
a common arc welding process in which coalescence is produced by heating application with an
electric arc or arcs set up model between a bare metal electrode and the work piece. The arc end of
the metal electrode and molten pool are invisible. They are invisible being submerged under a
blanket of the granular material (flux). Selection of process parameters has great influence on the
weld bead geometry. Welding input parameters play a significant role in determining the quality of a
weld joint. Here, this joint quality can be defined in terms of properties such as weld bead geometry
and flux consumption. All the welding processes are used with the aim of obtaining a welded joint
with the desired weld bead geometry and excellent mechanical properties with maximum metal
deposition rate and minimum distortion rate. This paper presents the review of the effect of input
parameters on weld bead geometry and flux consumption in submerged arc welding process.
Prediction of Weld Quality of A Tungsten Inertr Gas Welded Mild Steel Pipe Jo...IJERA Editor
The weld quality of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded joint has been investigated to identify the most economical weld parameters that will bring about optimum properties. Response surface methodology has been used in the optimization of the tungsten inert gas weld of mild steel pipes. Response surface methodology, based on the central composite face centered design was generated for the purpose of optimization of the weld quality.All the process parameters have desirability of 1. Tensile strength response for this solution have a desirability of 0.910595 and the yield strength of 0.59. Result showed that minimizing current and voltage an average tensile strength of 535.452MPa and yield strength of up to 408.74MPa can be achieved, while keeping gas flow rate and electrode diameter within the range of test. It was also deduced that tensile elongation of the TIG weld is not influenced by the process parameters selected for the purpose of this study.
A review on TIG welding for optimizing process parameters on dissimilar jointsIJERA Editor
Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG) is relatively high strength welding technique. This technique are mostly used in fabrication and other industries to join the either similar or dissimilar materials. In particular, it can be used to join high-quality strength of metal and alloys.In this paper we discuss abouttheTungsten Inert Gas welding of joining heat treatableof stainless steel and mild steel.These welded joints have higher tensile strength to weight ratio and finer micro structure. Tungsten Inert Gas Weldingofdissimilar material such as stainless steel and mild steel have the potential to hold good mechanical and metallurgical properties.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Effect of configuration on lateral displacement and cost of the structure for...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The choice of a cost effective lateral-force-resisting system for high-rise structures is challenging. There is no streamlined methodology to quantitatively compare the cost-effectiveness of each system beyond the more qualitative perception based evaluation of advantages or disadvantages. Developers currently base their decisions on architectural layout and structural integrity. Cost considerations are often primarily based on experience.
This decision making process has three primary shortfalls.
1) It may not incorporate factors which greatly affect the economy of a particular framing system.
2) It may not allow engineers to carryout designs at the least cost.
3) Comparison of framing systems may not address the specific building types.
This investigation proposes a prototype cost-effective model for selecting either a skeleton framing system or skeleton frame with bracing system for steel structural frames. A model for selecting cost-effective skeleton framing system or skeleton frame with bracing system will be a valuable tool for all decision makers. Engineers, in particular, will be able to select optimal steel framing faster, thus reducing design time and iterations. Furthermore, selection of economic framing system will also result in direct cost savings for steel structural frames.
The study involves the design and cost estimation of steel frames representing skeleton framing system and skeleton frame with bracingsystem. The cost effectiveness of the framing systems are compared based on lateral displacement requirements and cost.The preferred framing system should meet lateral displacement requirements and is lower in cost. The results of this pilot study showed that the Skelton framing system with bracing is the cost-effective choice for 30storeys steel space frames at wind speeds of 55m/sec, 50m/sec and 47m/sec.
Keywords: Bracings, SFS (Skeleton framing system), SFWB (Skeleton frame with bracing system) etc…
Effect of chromium powder mixed dielectric on performance characteristic of a...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of chromium powder mixed dielectric fluid on machining characteristics of AISI D2 die steel has been studied. Peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time, concentration of powder are the process parameters. The process performance is measured in terms of material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR). The research outcome will identify the important process parameters that maximize MRR, minimize TWR and SR. The design of experiment has been undertaken using Taguchi method. ANOVA analysis has been used to investigate the percentage contribution of each process parameter for optimizing the performance. The study indicates that all the selected parameters except pulse off time have a significant effect on MRR. Current is found to be the most significant factor for MRR and TWR. With increase in current, TWR increases. Also, surface roughness increases with increase in pulse off time.
Keywords: PMEDM, Material removal rate, Tool wear rate, Surface roughness, Taguchi method
Parametric optimization of metal inert gas welding by using taguchi approacheSAT Journals
Abstract
The present work deals with optimization of welding process variables by using Metal inert gas welding. In this process input
variables are voltage (V), current (A) and welding speed(S) with tensile properties, hardness, and penetration as responses of low
carbon steel (ASTM A29). The design of experiments based on Taguchi orthogonal array [L9], acquires Analysis of variance
(ANOVA) to determine the influence of parameters with the optimal condition.
Keywords: MIG Welding, Mild Steel, Taguchi Approach, Hardness, Tensile Strength.
A REVIEW STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETERS ON WELD BEAD GEOMETRY AND ...Editor IJMTER
submerged arc welding is most efficient welding process in any fabrication industry. It is
a common arc welding process in which coalescence is produced by heating application with an
electric arc or arcs set up model between a bare metal electrode and the work piece. The arc end of
the metal electrode and molten pool are invisible. They are invisible being submerged under a
blanket of the granular material (flux). Selection of process parameters has great influence on the
weld bead geometry. Welding input parameters play a significant role in determining the quality of a
weld joint. Here, this joint quality can be defined in terms of properties such as weld bead geometry
and flux consumption. All the welding processes are used with the aim of obtaining a welded joint
with the desired weld bead geometry and excellent mechanical properties with maximum metal
deposition rate and minimum distortion rate. This paper presents the review of the effect of input
parameters on weld bead geometry and flux consumption in submerged arc welding process.
Prediction of Weld Quality of A Tungsten Inertr Gas Welded Mild Steel Pipe Jo...IJERA Editor
The weld quality of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded joint has been investigated to identify the most economical weld parameters that will bring about optimum properties. Response surface methodology has been used in the optimization of the tungsten inert gas weld of mild steel pipes. Response surface methodology, based on the central composite face centered design was generated for the purpose of optimization of the weld quality.All the process parameters have desirability of 1. Tensile strength response for this solution have a desirability of 0.910595 and the yield strength of 0.59. Result showed that minimizing current and voltage an average tensile strength of 535.452MPa and yield strength of up to 408.74MPa can be achieved, while keeping gas flow rate and electrode diameter within the range of test. It was also deduced that tensile elongation of the TIG weld is not influenced by the process parameters selected for the purpose of this study.
A review on TIG welding for optimizing process parameters on dissimilar jointsIJERA Editor
Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG) is relatively high strength welding technique. This technique are mostly used in fabrication and other industries to join the either similar or dissimilar materials. In particular, it can be used to join high-quality strength of metal and alloys.In this paper we discuss abouttheTungsten Inert Gas welding of joining heat treatableof stainless steel and mild steel.These welded joints have higher tensile strength to weight ratio and finer micro structure. Tungsten Inert Gas Weldingofdissimilar material such as stainless steel and mild steel have the potential to hold good mechanical and metallurgical properties.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Nanoparticle based charge trapping memory device applying mos technology a co...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Effects of different mole spacings on the yield of summer groundnuteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Performance analysis of al fec raptor code over 3 gpp embms networkeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
An enhanced adaptive scoring job scheduling algorithm with replication strate...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Importance of post processing for improved binarization of text documentseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
An iterative unsymmetrical trimmed midpoint median filter for removal of high...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Study of mechanical properties in mild steel using metal inert gas weldingeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Parametric Optimization on MIG Welded EN8 Material Joints by using Taguchi Me...ijsrd.com
Welding is a manufacturing process, which is carried out for joining of metals. By MIG Welding it is possible to weld in all positions. Optimization of the parameter will be carried out by Taguchi method. We will use EN-8 material which is more use in Automobile parts. EN8 plate with dimensions 250mm x 125mm x 6mm with V- Groove 650.Where the input parameters are welding current, Wire feed and gas flow rate and output parameters are tensile strength and Hardness.
Finite element simulation of hybrid welding process for welding 304 austeniti...eSAT Journals
Abstract Although autogenous laser welding has many advantages over traditional welding methods in many applications, still the process has a main disadvantage of poor gap bridging capability, which limits its applicability for wider industrial use. Owing to this limiting factor, a great deal of research work was carried out to overcome this disadvantage by using Arc source with laser welding. The combination of laser and Arc (MIG/TIG) welding processes in a same process zone is known as Hybrid Welding. This process involves very high peak temperature and rapid change in thermal cycle both of which are difficult to measure in real time. In this dissertation work, a 3- dimensional finite element model was developed for the analysis of hybrid welding process. Ansys Parametric Design language (APDL) code was developed for the same. The FEA results were validated with experimental results showing good agreement. Hybrid welding Simulations were carried out for AISI 304 Austenitic stainless Steel plate. The effects of laser beam power, Arc Welding and torch angle on the weld-bead geometry i.e. penetration (DP), welded zone width (BW) were investigated. The experimental plan was based on three factor 5 level central composite rotatable design. Second order polynomial equations for predicting the weld-bead geometry were developed for bead width and depth of penetration. The results indicate that the effect of arc current (AC) on bead width was more than on depth of penetration. Hence, the proposed models predict the responses adequately within the limits of welding parameters being used. Index Terms: Hybrid Welding, Ansys Parametric Design language (APDL), FEA, AISI 304 Austenitic stainless Steel, and Central composite rotatable design
Resistance Spot Welding of CRCA Steel sheets using surface modified electrodesAM Publications
Resistance spot welding has established itself across a wide range of industries as a cost-effective method
for welding. One of the problems of Resistance Spot Welding is the lifetime of welding electrode tips which affects the
quality of the welds formed. An innovative way to prevent the electrode wear is to plate the surface of the electrode
with suitable material. The material chosen in this study is Nickel and Chromium. Plating of these materials is
inexpensive and easily available. The increase in resistance due to plating the electrodes is measured. The metals are
plated on the surface with varying thicknesses separately and their effect on ultimate load, shear stress and nugget
diameter is observed by varying welding current and keeping the weld time and welding pressure constant. It is
investigated from the study that Ni plating with 35 microns thickness and Cr plating with 25 microns thickness
requires less current to weld spots of higher strengths compared to non plated electrodes. This is due to increase in
resistance of the weld system due to plating which requires less current as resistance of the weld system is increased.
Friction stir welding of aluminium 5086 alloyseSAT Journals
Abstract Friction Stir welding (FSW) is a solid state attachment method used for welding of metals of same and different metals. This process of friction stir welding (FSW) is widely using for the reason it can produces sound welds and doesn't have common issues like solidification and liquefaction cracking connected to the fusion techniques. The Friction stir welding of Al 5086 alloys had been commercialized and up to date interest is targeted on change of integrity with different metals. Thus on commercialize this method, analysis studies are required to characterize. particularly, FSW has impressed researchers to aim modification of integrity different metals like aluminum 5086 that differ in properties and sound welds with none or restricted inter metallic bonding of components has been done. In this paper we have to make a research on the current analysis state of FSW between aluminum 5086 with attention on the resulting welding and tensile strength, microstructure, elongation and the tools are used to produce the welds and also an insight into future analysis during this process of study the project of friction welding. By this process in our project we got an idea of going to maintain the rotational speed (rpm) 450 to 1400 and also by changing welding rpm (speed). This friction stir welding is used in nasa for joining of two totally different or same types of materials. Keywords: Friction stir welding, Tool, Welding parameters, and Mechanical properties etc…
Investigation on effect of welding current on welding speed and hardness of h...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of welding current on welding speed and hardness of heat effected zone and weld metal of mild steel material is investigated in this paper. Mild steel weldment was welded under varying welding current i.e. 80, 85, 90, 95 & 100 ampere by using MMAW process in 1G position. The edge preparation, electrode diameter and electrode type, CCV, welding technique, polarity and welder remained constant during the test. The test specimen was then grinded and hardness of each specimen was measured at three point i.e. parent metal, HAZ and weld metal by using Brinell hardness tester. It was observed that with increase in welding current melting rate of electrode was increased hence welding time was reduced. So welding speed was increased. With increase in welding current hardness of HAZ and weld metal was also decreased due to increase in heat input. With increase in welding speed heat input decreased and hardness of the joint increased.
Keywords - MMAW, welding current, welding speed, Hardness, Parent metal, HAZ, weld metal, cooling rate
Study of brass wire and cryogenic treated brass wire on titanium alloy using ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Optimization on Spot Weld Parameters in Resistance Spot Welding Process on AI...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The spot welding procedure is used in a variety of industrial applications. The most critical elements influencing welding quality, productivity, and cost are the spot welding parameters. This research examines the effect of welding factors such as welding current and welding time on the strength of various welding joint designs. Resistance spot welding (RSW) is used in the automotive industry for manufacturing. This research focused on the optimization of process parameters for resistance spot welding (RSW), as well as the tensile testing and spot weld diameter. The goals of this analysis are to comprehend the physics of the process and to demonstrate the effect of electrical current, weld time, and material type on the resistance spot welding process.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdf
Influence of process parameters on depth of
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 10 | Oct-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 220
INFLUENCE OF PROCESS PARAMETERS ON DEPTH OF
PENETRATION OF WELDED JOINT IN MIG WELDING PROCESS
Biswajit Das1
, B. Debbarma2
, R. N. Rai3
, S. C. Saha4
1
Research Scholar, 2
Assistant Professor, 3
Associate Professor, 4
Professor, National Institute of Technology, Agartala,
India, erbiswajit1984@gmail.com, bishopdabork@yahoo.co.in, nareshay@yahoo.co.in,
subashchandrsaha@yahoo.co.in
Abstract
The effect of various welding process parameters on the weldability of Mild Steel specimens of grade EN-3A having dimensions
150mm× 100mm× 6 mm, welded by metal inert gas welding were investigated. The welding current, arc voltage, welding speed, are
chosen as welding parameters. The depth of penetrations were measured for each specimen after the welding operation is done on
closed butt joint and the effects of welding speed, current, voltage parameters on depth of penetration were investigated.
Index Terms: Mild Steel (EN-3A), metal inert gas welding, welding current, arc voltage and welding speed.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Metal inert gas/ metal active gas (MIG/MAG) welding is an
arc welding process, the melting takes place by Joule effect
and a continuous electric arc, where the additional metal is
supplied by a roll of wire [1]. The weld is made by falling
successive drops on the weld puddle. Argon gas (MIG
welding) or active gas, CO2 (MAG welding) are used as
plasma for providing protective atmosphere for the weld
metal, so that contamination between oxygen and nitrogen is
avoided. Electric energy is supplied from the welding
generator for melting between wire and workpiece to weld.
According to two different control modes (1) the arc mode,
where voltage supplied from the generator is controlled to
reach a point chosen by the welder. (2) the short-circuit mode,
where current flows at pre-defined law, in gas metal arc
welding the molten metal drop detachment form an electrode
have complex interactions between different physical
phenomena. Some of the researchers have studied the
electromagnetic effects [2-5], and some studied the thermal
effects [6] and the fluid dynamics [7]. It is an arc welding
process where heat is generated for arc between the workpiece
and a consumable electrode. A bare solid wire called electrode
is continuously fed to the weld zone, it becomes filler metal as
it is consumed. Gas metal-arc welding overcomes the
restrictions of using electrode of limited length and overcomes
the inability to weld in various positions, which is a limitation
of submerged-arc welding [8]. In gas metal arc welding, the
variations of power supplies, shielding gases and electrodes
have significant effects, resulting in different process
variations [9]. All important metals used in different
commercial applications such as aluminium, copper, stainless
steel and carbon steel can be joined by this MIG welding
process by choosing appropriate electrode, shielding gas and
different welding conditions [10]. It has been very important
to know the performance of a welding process over a wide
range of input process parameters. MIG welding is such a
welding process which is extensively used in the industries for
its high precision and accuracy capability. But performance of
the welding depends largely upon the parameters like voltage,
current and also on type of work-piece materials, electrode
material combinations. A large amount of research works have
been noticed to find out the most suitable combination of input
process parameters for a desired output. Ghosal et al.
established an ANN model to predict and optimize penetration
depth of CO2 laser MIG hybrid welding for 5005 Al-Mg
alloy. The input parameters are power, focal distance, torch
angle, distance between laser and welding torch [11].
Ganjigatti et al. also investigated the input-output relationships
of MIG welding by regression analysis. Input parameters are
welding speed, voltage, gas flow rate, nozzle to plate distance,
torch angle and the responses are bead height, bead width, and
bead penetration [12]. Junsheng et al. investigated the effect of
welding heat input on the weld pool behavior in MIG welding
for low carbon steel [13]. Now a days most of the welding is
done by different arc welding processes; therefore it is
essential to investigate the effects of welding parameters on
the weldability of the materials during the arc welding. Mild
steel is the most common form of steel provides material
properties that are acceptable for many applications. In our
present study workpiece of mild steel material of grade EN-3A
has been used.
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 10 | Oct-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 221
2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
2.1 Selection of Welding Parameters
Depth of penetration of a butt welded joint depends on a
number of influencing factors like welding parameters,
properties of workpieces, electrode used, welding
phenomenon etc. Studies reveal that, the Welding speed,
Voltage, Current are the three welding parameters which
influence in determining the depth of penetration of a butt
welded joint and thus these three parameters are considered as
design factor in the present study.
2.2 Selection of Response Variables
A literature review has been carried out which shows whether
experimental or analytical, most of the studies concentrates on
finding the depth of penetration of welded joint of different
material for different input parameters.
2.3 Work Piece Material Used
The present study is carried out with low carbon steel of grade
EN-3A. The chemical composition of base metal EN-3A and
wire En-3A are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively.
2.4 Specimen Preparation
In the present work, two mild steel specimens, with
dimensions of 150 mm x 100 mm x 6 mm of each was used as
the workpiece. These specimens were prepared with a V-
shaped groove, where the groove angle, the root face, and the
root gap were 30°, 3 mm and 0.75 mm respectively. Thereafter
24 pairs of such specimen with constant groove angle, and
root face were prepared, and faces were cleaned by a surface
grinder. To make a butt joint, two plates were tacked at the
two ends along the width, with a constant root gap of 0.75
mm. Once the welding is over all the plates were cut by using
a power hacksaw, to a required shape for measuring depth of
penetration. The welding torch was mounted on a fixed arm of
a portable gas cutting machine, which can move at different
known speed. Copper coated mild steel wire of 1.2 mm
diameter was used in the experiment as the electrode. The wire
was fed through the welding gun by a roller drive system. The
shielding gas used was CO2, supplied in a regulated manner at
a constant flow rate and at a constant pressure.
2.5 Design of Experiment
In the present study welding speed (m/min), voltage (v) and
current (A) are selected as design factors while other
parameters have been assumed to be constant over the
experimental domain Taguchi’s L25 orthogonal design have
been implemented here with five levels to carry out the
experiments as it allows only 25 numbers of experiments
which reflects the whole process quite satisfactorily while
being economic and as well as time saving. The levels are
chosen on the basis of the recommendations made by the
machine manufacture i.e. Technocrates Plasma Systems Pvt.
Ltd. The recommended welding conditions while MIG
welding are given in the Table 3.
Table -1: Chemical composition of the base metal, EN-3A
Element
Weight
%
Element
Weight
%
C 0.15 S 0.021
Mn 0.78 P 0.029
0.23 Si
Table -2: Chemical composition of the wire, EN-3A
Element
Weight
%
Element
Weight
%
C 0.16 S 0.020
Mn 0.76 P 0.026
0.22 Si
Table -3: Recommended welding conditions
Parameter Unit Minimum
Value
Maximum
Value
Current Ampere 0 400
Voltage Volt 0 54
Welding speed m/min 0.11 1.10
The five levels chosen within the recommended welding
parameters by trial and error method are given in the Table 4.
Table -4: Selected levels for welding parameters
Parameter
Unit
Level1
Level2
Level3
Level4
Level5
Current Ampere 140 150 160 170 180
Voltage Volt 24 25 26 27 28
Welding
speed
m/min 0.165 0.179 0.193 0.206 0.220
Taguchi’s L25 orthogonal design for the above mentioned
three welding parameters along with 5 levels are given in the
Table 5.
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 10 | Oct-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 222
Table -5: Design of experiment using Taguchi’s L25
orthogonal design
Experiment
No.
Current (A) Voltage(V) Welding
speed
(m/min)
1 140 24 0.165
2 140 25 0.179
3 140 26 0.193
4 140 27 0.206
5 140 28 0.220
6 150 24 0.179
7 150 25 0.193
8 150 26 0.206
9 150 27 0.220
10 150 28 0.165
11 160 24 0.193
12 160 25 0.206
13 160 26 0.220
14 160 27 0.165
15 160 28 0.179
16 170 24 0.206
17 170 25 0.220
18 170 26 0.165
19 170 27 0.179
20 170 28 0.193
21 180 24 0.220
22 180 25 0.165
23 180 26 0.179
24 180 27 0.193
25 180 28 0.206
2.6 Experimental Setup
A CPT400, CO2 MIG/MAG WELDING MACHINE
THYRISTORISED OR STEP CONTROL, manufactured by
Technocrats Plasma Systems Pvt. Ltd. is used for MIG
welding test. This machine is shown in Fig -1.
Fig -1: CO2 MIG/MAG Welding Machine Thyristorised or
Step Control
The important specifications of the MIG welding machine
have been shown below:
Maximum welding current : 400 A
Open circuit voltage (V) DC : 54V
Approx weight (kgs.) : 200
Cooling : Forced air
Wire dia (mm) mild steel : 1.2
For mounting the welding torch, for maintaining known
welding speed, a portable gas cutting machine has been used
during the experiment, shown in Fig -2
Fig -2: View of gas cutting machine used during experiment
for controlling different welding speed
The important specification of the portable gas cutting
machine has been shown below:
Make : ESAB India Ltd.
Volts : 220V-250V
AC/DC AMPS : 0.35
3. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
Initially, specimens were prepared and the experiments were
conducted as per the design of experiment and the welding
was carried out.
Table -6: Experimental Results
SNo.
Experiment
No.
Current
(A)
Voltage
(v)
Welding
Speed
(m/min)
Penetration
(mm)
1 1 140 24 0.165 5.3
2 2 140 25 0.179 5.1
3 3 140 26 0.193 4.9
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 10 | Oct-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 223
4 4 140 27 0.206 4.7
5 5 140 28 0.220 4.6
6 6 150 24 0.179 5.2
7 7 150 25 0.193 5.0
8 8 150 26 0.206 4.9
9 9 150 27 0.220 4.8
10 10 150 28 0.165 6.7
11 11 160 24 0.193 5.2
12 12 160 25 0.206 5.0
13 13 160 26 0.220 4.9
14 14 160 27 0.165 6.9
15 15 160 28 0.179 6.5
16 16 170 24 0.206 5.1
17 17 170 25 0.220 5.0
18 18 170 26 0.165 6.9
19 19 170 27 0.179 6.7
20 20 170 28 0.193 6.5
21 21 180 24 0.220 5.1
22 22 180 25 0.165 6.9
23 23 180 26 0.179 6.8
24 24 180 27 0.193 6.5
25 25 180 28 0.206 6.4
To visualize the influence of the designed process parameters
over Depth of Penetration and also to find their nature of
variation with respect to the designed parameters, three
dimensional surface plots have been developed using
MINITAB 14 software and shown in Fig 3, 4, 5. The surface
plots physically represent the variation of the depth of
penetration with the welding process parameters. In each of
the plots, two welding parameters are varied simultaneously
along X and Y axis while the depth of penetration is recorded
along Z axis. It is seen from these plots that there is significant
amount of curvature indicating non-linearity in the variation.
Fig -3: Surface plot of depth of penetration with respect to
Voltage and Current
Fig -4: Surface plot of depth of penetration with respect to
Voltage and Welding Speed
Fig -5: Surface plot of depth of penetration with respect to
Current and Welding Speed
It is evident from the Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 that higher voltage (>
26.5 V) causes abrupt rise in penetration depth value whereas
Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 depicts that very high current (> 150 A) also
causes the same. And also it could be found from Fig. 4 and
Fig. 5 that very high welding speed (> 0.16 m/min) causes
decrease in penetration depth. These may be due to the reason
that, at the higher welding speed, it gets less time to penetrate
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 10 | Oct-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 224
the weld puddle. And as the current and voltage increases it
creates more heat, so more metal is melted and thus it creates
more depth of penetration.
CONCLUSIONS
An experimental study has been done for finding the depth of
penetration of welded joint in MIG welding process for
welding a mild steel specimen of grade EN-3A. The
conclusion may be drawn, from Fig 3, 4, 5 that higher voltage
(> 26.5 V) causes abrupt rise in penetration depth value,
whereas Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 depicts that very high current (> 150
A) also causes the same. And also it could be found from Fig.
4 and Fig. 5 that very high welding speed (> 0.16 m/min)
cause’s decrease in penetration depth.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to acknowledge HOD Mechanical
Engineering Department, the entire supporting staffs of the
Department of National Institute of Technical Teacher’s
Training & Research, Kolkata, for their valuable suggestions
and help during the entire experimental work.
REFERENCES
[1] S. Adolfsson, A.Bahrami, G. Bolmsj, I. Claesson, On-line
quality monitoring in short-circuit gas metal arc welding,
Weld, Res. Suppl. 78 (2) (1999) 59-73.
[2] Y. S. Kim, Metal Transfer in Gas Metal Arc Welding,
PhD. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June
1989.
[3] L. Jones, T. Eagar, J. Lang, A dynamic model of drops
detaching from a gas metal arc welding electrode, Appl. Phys.
31 (1998) 107–123.
[4] L. Jones, T. Eagar, J. Lang, Magnetic forces acting on
molten drops in gas metal arc welding, Appl. Phys. 31 (1998)
93–106.
[5] J.C. Amson, Lorentz force in the molten tip of an arc
electrode, Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 16 (1965) 1169–1179.
[6] Y.-S. Kim, D. McElliot, T. Eagar, Analyses of electrode
heat transfer in gas metal arc welding, Weld. Res. Suppl.
(1991) 20–31.
[7] S. Choi, C. Yoo, Y.-S. Kim, Dynamic simulation of metal
transfer in GMAW. Part I: Globular and spray transfer modes,
Weld. Res. Suppl. (1998) 38–44.
[8] Syamal Mukherjee, “ Metal Fabrication Technology”, PHI
Learning Private Ltd.
[9] Welding Handbook. Fundamentals of welding, vol. 1, 7th
ed. Miami, Florida: American Welding Society; 1981, P.7-9.
[10] Welding Handbook. Welding processes-arc and gas
welding and cutting, brazing and soldering, vol. 2, 7th ed.
Miami, Florida: American Welding Society; 1978. p. 114–6.
[11] Sujit Ghosal, Sudipto Chaki, ‘Estmation and optimization
of depth of penetration in hybrid CO2 laser-MIG welding
using ANN-optimization hybrid model’, International Journal
of Advance Manufacturing Technology, Vol.47, PP.1149-
1157,2010.
[12] J.P.Ganjigatti, D.K.Pratihar, A.RoyChoudhury,
‘Modeling of the MIG welding process using statistical
approaches’, International Journal of Advance Manufacturing
Technology, Vol.35, PP.1166-1190,2008.
[13] SUN Junsheng, WU Chuansong, ‘The effect of welding
heat input on the weldpool behavior in MIG welding’, Science
in China (Series E), Vol.45,PP.291-299.
BIOGRAPHIES
Biswajit Das is a PhD student at National
Institute of Technology, Agartala. He holds an
M.Tech degree in Manufacturing Technology.
His research areas are metallic alloys, composite
materials, manufacturing technology. He is also
having teaching and industrial experience for a
long period of time in MNC’s in India and at NIT Agartala.
Bishop Debbarma, is working as Assistant
Professor in NIT Agartala. He has published
many papers in many Journals.
Dr. R. N. Rai is working as Associate Professor
in NIT Agartala. He is having around 12 years of
teaching and research experience. He has
published more than 20 papers in both National
and International Journals. He is guiding many
PhD and M.Tech students. He is an active member of many
professional bodies in India.
Dr. S. C. Saha is working as Professor in NIT
Agartala. He is having around 31 years of
teaching and research experience. He had also
acted as Principal of Tripura Engineering College,
Director I/C of NIT Agartala. He has published
around 30 papers in both National and International Journals.
He is also writer of 2 books. He has guided many PhD and
M.Tech students. He is an active member of many
professional bodies in India.