This document provides a table of contents and introduction to an English grammar e-book from Espresso English. The table of contents outlines 45 grammar topics covered in the book across 3 levels, from present simple verbs to present perfect aspect. The introduction welcomes learners and explains that the free e-book teaches beginner grammar with links to exercises on the website. Learners are encouraged to sign up for updates on future intermediate and advanced books and products.
This document contains a table of contents and introduction to an English grammar e-book from Espresso English. The e-book covers basic grammar topics like the present simple, past simple, articles, possessives and more. Each grammar point has examples and exercises. The e-book is meant for beginner English learners and is available for free online or via PDF download from the Espresso English website.
This document provides examples and explanations of how to use the present continuous tense in English. It begins with example sentences showing common present continuous verb phrases like "are studying" and "is speaking". It then explains the grammatical structure of the tense, which always combines a form of the verb "to be" with a verb ending in "-ing". The document emphasizes that the present continuous is used to describe actions that are in progress or happening now. It provides a table of present continuous forms of the verb "to be" and explains how to form "-ing" verbs. It concludes with interactive exercises for students to practice using the tense.
Interchange 1. Unit 2: How do you spend your day?Brittany Reed
Here is a 4 sentence biography about a family member without including their name:
He was born in Mexico City in 1980. He moved to the United States when he was 10 years old. Now he works as a mechanic and owns his own auto repair shop. In his free time he likes to play soccer with his friends.
This document contains a table of contents and introduction to an English grammar e-book from Espresso English. The e-book covers basic grammar topics like the present simple, past simple, articles, possessives and more. Each grammar point has examples and exercises. The e-book is meant for beginner English learners and is available for free online or via PDF download from the Espresso English website.
Pre-intermediate, Interchange, Unit 8 presentationAbdul Sahibzada
This document provides vocabulary related to different jobs, with the word in the source language and its meaning in the target language. It lists jobs such as cashier, cook/chef, doctor, flight attendant, judge, lawyer, musician, nurse, pilot, police officer, receptionist, salesperson, security guard, singer, waiter, and waitress. It then provides exercises for students to practice jobs-related vocabulary, such as filling in a chart matching jobs to workplaces and asking and answering questions about jobs using given words.
The document discusses different types of movies the author enjoys, including comedy, fantasy, science fiction, animation, and horror films. It then provides information on using participles as adjectives to describe reactions and things that cause reactions. Finally, it discusses using relative clauses to join clauses about people and things without starting new sentences.
New Headway Intermediate - Unit 8 Just imagine .. ..
New Headway Intermediate Unit 8 imagine
New Headway Intermediate UNIDAD 8 Just imagine!.
TEMAS: Conditionals,Time clauses, Base and strong adjectives, Making suggestions.
TEMAS: Conditionals,Time clauses, Base and strong adjectives, Making suggestions.
This document contains a table of contents and introduction to an English grammar e-book from Espresso English. The e-book covers basic grammar topics like the present simple, past simple, articles, possessives and more. Each grammar point has examples and exercises. The e-book is meant for beginner English learners and is available for free online or via PDF download from the Espresso English website.
This document provides examples and explanations of how to use the present continuous tense in English. It begins with example sentences showing common present continuous verb phrases like "are studying" and "is speaking". It then explains the grammatical structure of the tense, which always combines a form of the verb "to be" with a verb ending in "-ing". The document emphasizes that the present continuous is used to describe actions that are in progress or happening now. It provides a table of present continuous forms of the verb "to be" and explains how to form "-ing" verbs. It concludes with interactive exercises for students to practice using the tense.
Interchange 1. Unit 2: How do you spend your day?Brittany Reed
Here is a 4 sentence biography about a family member without including their name:
He was born in Mexico City in 1980. He moved to the United States when he was 10 years old. Now he works as a mechanic and owns his own auto repair shop. In his free time he likes to play soccer with his friends.
This document contains a table of contents and introduction to an English grammar e-book from Espresso English. The e-book covers basic grammar topics like the present simple, past simple, articles, possessives and more. Each grammar point has examples and exercises. The e-book is meant for beginner English learners and is available for free online or via PDF download from the Espresso English website.
Pre-intermediate, Interchange, Unit 8 presentationAbdul Sahibzada
This document provides vocabulary related to different jobs, with the word in the source language and its meaning in the target language. It lists jobs such as cashier, cook/chef, doctor, flight attendant, judge, lawyer, musician, nurse, pilot, police officer, receptionist, salesperson, security guard, singer, waiter, and waitress. It then provides exercises for students to practice jobs-related vocabulary, such as filling in a chart matching jobs to workplaces and asking and answering questions about jobs using given words.
The document discusses different types of movies the author enjoys, including comedy, fantasy, science fiction, animation, and horror films. It then provides information on using participles as adjectives to describe reactions and things that cause reactions. Finally, it discusses using relative clauses to join clauses about people and things without starting new sentences.
New Headway Intermediate - Unit 8 Just imagine .. ..
New Headway Intermediate Unit 8 imagine
New Headway Intermediate UNIDAD 8 Just imagine!.
TEMAS: Conditionals,Time clauses, Base and strong adjectives, Making suggestions.
TEMAS: Conditionals,Time clauses, Base and strong adjectives, Making suggestions.
The document lists various excuses that students give for not doing homework, such as forgetting books at school or having to clean their house. It then provides examples of requests made by teachers reported in the past tense, such as "The teacher told me to bring the dictionary tomorrow." The document explains the use of reported speech and how to report requests made in the past using "ask," "tell," and "say." It provides examples of reporting requests with and without direct objects.
The document discusses the past continuous and simple past tenses. It provides examples of situations using each tense and explains that the past continuous is used for an action that was ongoing simultaneously with another action expressed in the simple past. It then provides exercises for students to practice using these tenses to describe past events and activities.
New Headway Intermediate - Unit 9 relationships .. ..
New Headway Intermediate Unit 9 relationships
New Headway Intermediate UNIDAD 9 Relationships
TEMAS: Modal verbs 2- probability, Character adjectives, So do I ! Neither do!.
The document discusses different jobs and daily schedules. It includes exercises about jobs, workplaces, daily routines, and reasons for needing employment. Specifically:
- There are word exercises matching jobs to categories and filling in a job chart.
- Stories are provided about Rodney, Tina, and Ellen discussing their daily schedules, including what time they wake up, finish work, and go to bed.
- Profiles of six people describe their situations, such as being in high school or college, and reasons they may need jobs, such as saving money, gaining experience, or paying rent.
- Exercises ask students to recommend suitable jobs for each profile person based on their needs and situations.
This document provides information on the use of infinitives and gerunds in English. It discusses when to use the bare infinitive, infinitive with "to", and gerund. Some key uses include the bare infinitive after modal verbs and certain active verbs, the infinitive after verbs like decide and want, and the gerund as the subject of a sentence, after prepositions, and as the direct object of certain verbs. It also notes cases where verbs can be used with either the infinitive or gerund with the same meaning, and cases where the meaning differs depending on which is used. Examples are provided to illustrate the different uses.
This document contains exercises to practice verb tenses including simple present, present continuous, simple past, past continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, and others. The exercises provide sentences with verbs in parentheses and the task is to fill in the verbs in the appropriate tense based on the context of the sentence. There are multiple exercises with 10 or more sentences each to practice different tenses in various contexts related to activities, events, and timeframes in the past, present and continuous aspects.
Pre-intermediate, Interchange, Unit 6 presentationAbdul Sahibzada
My sister works downtown. She takes public transportation like the bus or subway to get to work each day since we live in the suburbs outside of the city. Taking public transportation is slower than driving but it avoids having to find parking in the busy downtown area.
The document summarizes the present perfect and present perfect continuous tenses in English. It explains that the present perfect is used to describe events that are connected to or have an effect in the present, without specifying a definite time. The present perfect continuous emphasizes ongoing or repeated actions that began in the past and continue in the present. Examples are provided to illustrate the differences between these tenses and the simple past tense.
Tim works as a customer service representative for a bank in Sacramento, California. He follows a regular daily routine:
He gets up at 6am each workday and drives to work, arriving at 8am. During the day, he helps customers over the phone by asking for their personal details to verify their identity before providing banking information. He is always polite and friendly with callers. In the evenings, he works out at the gym before having dinner and watching TV.
There are three main tenses in English: present, past, and future. Each tense can be further divided into simple and progressive/continuous forms. The present tense expresses current or ongoing actions, habits, general truths, and planned future actions. The past tense is used for completed actions and durations in the past. The future tense can be expressed using "will" to indicate voluntary actions or "be going to" to suggest planned or predicted events.
New Headway Intermediate - Unit 2 Get Happy ! .. ..
New Headway Intermediate Unit 2 Get Happy !
New Headway Intermediate Unit 2 happiness.
TEMAS: Present Tenses, Simple or continuos? , Passive, Sport, Numbers and dates.
New Headway Intermediate - Unit 4 do the right thing.. ..
New Headway Intermediate Unit 4 do the right thing
New Headway Intermediate UNIDAD 4 Doing the right thing
UNIDAD 4. Doing the right thing.
TEMAS: Modal verbs 1, obligation and permission, Nationality words, Request and offers.
This document contains teaching materials about the present continuous tense and the modal verbs "can" and "would" in English. It includes:
1) Explanations of the structure and examples of the present continuous in sentences, questions, and negatives.
2) Exercises for students to practice changing sentences to questions, negatives, and with "can" and "would".
3) The answers to the exercises.
The document provides instruction and practice for elementary English students on important grammatical concepts.
This document provides examples of conditional sentences and verb tenses to practice rewriting sentences. It includes 20 examples of rewriting sentences as conditional sentences and 20 examples of rewriting sentences using different verb tenses. The goal is to test knowledge of conditional sentences and verb tenses.
The document describes a phone conversation between Sally and Jane. Sally calls Jane to tell her about their new Spanish exchange student, Francisco, who prefers to be called Paco. However, Jane's father wants to use the phone so Sally has to cut the call short and promises to tell Jane more about Paco later.
The document defines and compares direct and reported speech. It provides examples of how to change direct speech into reported speech by modifying verbs, pronouns, words indicating time and place, and types of sentences like statements, questions, imperatives, and exclamations. Specifically, it discusses changing verbs to past tense in reported speech, replacing pronouns, and altering words referring to time, place, and possession. It also notes exceptions when these changes are not necessary, such as for present tenses describing permanent situations.
This document contains information about listening skills, speaking skills, and writing skills. It includes sections on introducing someone, accepting and refusing invitations, expanding reading comprehension through techniques like tongue twisters, identifying stressed syllables, answering questions about images, filling in a story with missing words, and forming new words by combining parts of existing words. The document appears to be teaching materials for improving English language skills.
This document lists English verbs and their conjugations. It provides 153 verbs along with their past tense and past participle forms. The verbs are listed alphabetically from "arise" to "write" along with their inflected forms to show how they change depending on tense and aspect in the English language.
This document appears to be classroom materials for a summer course in Bangkok, Thailand. It includes introductions, classroom rules, and instructional materials for Unit 0 and Unit 1, which focus on instructions and identification. Several student names are listed at the end.
The document lists 20 common English verbs and their Arabic translations. It is organized into three sections, with the English verb provided first followed by the Arabic translation. The verbs cover a range of common actions and include suggestions, buying, selling, sleeping, throwing, bringing, kicking, watching, sending, speaking, borrowing, lending, arriving, finding, teaching, and learning.
The document lists various excuses that students give for not doing homework, such as forgetting books at school or having to clean their house. It then provides examples of requests made by teachers reported in the past tense, such as "The teacher told me to bring the dictionary tomorrow." The document explains the use of reported speech and how to report requests made in the past using "ask," "tell," and "say." It provides examples of reporting requests with and without direct objects.
The document discusses the past continuous and simple past tenses. It provides examples of situations using each tense and explains that the past continuous is used for an action that was ongoing simultaneously with another action expressed in the simple past. It then provides exercises for students to practice using these tenses to describe past events and activities.
New Headway Intermediate - Unit 9 relationships .. ..
New Headway Intermediate Unit 9 relationships
New Headway Intermediate UNIDAD 9 Relationships
TEMAS: Modal verbs 2- probability, Character adjectives, So do I ! Neither do!.
The document discusses different jobs and daily schedules. It includes exercises about jobs, workplaces, daily routines, and reasons for needing employment. Specifically:
- There are word exercises matching jobs to categories and filling in a job chart.
- Stories are provided about Rodney, Tina, and Ellen discussing their daily schedules, including what time they wake up, finish work, and go to bed.
- Profiles of six people describe their situations, such as being in high school or college, and reasons they may need jobs, such as saving money, gaining experience, or paying rent.
- Exercises ask students to recommend suitable jobs for each profile person based on their needs and situations.
This document provides information on the use of infinitives and gerunds in English. It discusses when to use the bare infinitive, infinitive with "to", and gerund. Some key uses include the bare infinitive after modal verbs and certain active verbs, the infinitive after verbs like decide and want, and the gerund as the subject of a sentence, after prepositions, and as the direct object of certain verbs. It also notes cases where verbs can be used with either the infinitive or gerund with the same meaning, and cases where the meaning differs depending on which is used. Examples are provided to illustrate the different uses.
This document contains exercises to practice verb tenses including simple present, present continuous, simple past, past continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, and others. The exercises provide sentences with verbs in parentheses and the task is to fill in the verbs in the appropriate tense based on the context of the sentence. There are multiple exercises with 10 or more sentences each to practice different tenses in various contexts related to activities, events, and timeframes in the past, present and continuous aspects.
Pre-intermediate, Interchange, Unit 6 presentationAbdul Sahibzada
My sister works downtown. She takes public transportation like the bus or subway to get to work each day since we live in the suburbs outside of the city. Taking public transportation is slower than driving but it avoids having to find parking in the busy downtown area.
The document summarizes the present perfect and present perfect continuous tenses in English. It explains that the present perfect is used to describe events that are connected to or have an effect in the present, without specifying a definite time. The present perfect continuous emphasizes ongoing or repeated actions that began in the past and continue in the present. Examples are provided to illustrate the differences between these tenses and the simple past tense.
Tim works as a customer service representative for a bank in Sacramento, California. He follows a regular daily routine:
He gets up at 6am each workday and drives to work, arriving at 8am. During the day, he helps customers over the phone by asking for their personal details to verify their identity before providing banking information. He is always polite and friendly with callers. In the evenings, he works out at the gym before having dinner and watching TV.
There are three main tenses in English: present, past, and future. Each tense can be further divided into simple and progressive/continuous forms. The present tense expresses current or ongoing actions, habits, general truths, and planned future actions. The past tense is used for completed actions and durations in the past. The future tense can be expressed using "will" to indicate voluntary actions or "be going to" to suggest planned or predicted events.
New Headway Intermediate - Unit 2 Get Happy ! .. ..
New Headway Intermediate Unit 2 Get Happy !
New Headway Intermediate Unit 2 happiness.
TEMAS: Present Tenses, Simple or continuos? , Passive, Sport, Numbers and dates.
New Headway Intermediate - Unit 4 do the right thing.. ..
New Headway Intermediate Unit 4 do the right thing
New Headway Intermediate UNIDAD 4 Doing the right thing
UNIDAD 4. Doing the right thing.
TEMAS: Modal verbs 1, obligation and permission, Nationality words, Request and offers.
This document contains teaching materials about the present continuous tense and the modal verbs "can" and "would" in English. It includes:
1) Explanations of the structure and examples of the present continuous in sentences, questions, and negatives.
2) Exercises for students to practice changing sentences to questions, negatives, and with "can" and "would".
3) The answers to the exercises.
The document provides instruction and practice for elementary English students on important grammatical concepts.
This document provides examples of conditional sentences and verb tenses to practice rewriting sentences. It includes 20 examples of rewriting sentences as conditional sentences and 20 examples of rewriting sentences using different verb tenses. The goal is to test knowledge of conditional sentences and verb tenses.
The document describes a phone conversation between Sally and Jane. Sally calls Jane to tell her about their new Spanish exchange student, Francisco, who prefers to be called Paco. However, Jane's father wants to use the phone so Sally has to cut the call short and promises to tell Jane more about Paco later.
The document defines and compares direct and reported speech. It provides examples of how to change direct speech into reported speech by modifying verbs, pronouns, words indicating time and place, and types of sentences like statements, questions, imperatives, and exclamations. Specifically, it discusses changing verbs to past tense in reported speech, replacing pronouns, and altering words referring to time, place, and possession. It also notes exceptions when these changes are not necessary, such as for present tenses describing permanent situations.
This document contains information about listening skills, speaking skills, and writing skills. It includes sections on introducing someone, accepting and refusing invitations, expanding reading comprehension through techniques like tongue twisters, identifying stressed syllables, answering questions about images, filling in a story with missing words, and forming new words by combining parts of existing words. The document appears to be teaching materials for improving English language skills.
This document lists English verbs and their conjugations. It provides 153 verbs along with their past tense and past participle forms. The verbs are listed alphabetically from "arise" to "write" along with their inflected forms to show how they change depending on tense and aspect in the English language.
This document appears to be classroom materials for a summer course in Bangkok, Thailand. It includes introductions, classroom rules, and instructional materials for Unit 0 and Unit 1, which focus on instructions and identification. Several student names are listed at the end.
The document lists 20 common English verbs and their Arabic translations. It is organized into three sections, with the English verb provided first followed by the Arabic translation. The verbs cover a range of common actions and include suggestions, buying, selling, sleeping, throwing, bringing, kicking, watching, sending, speaking, borrowing, lending, arriving, finding, teaching, and learning.
The document contains lists of common classroom objects, greetings and farewells in English, questions to ask someone, responses to common questions, and apologies and requests. It provides vocabulary for basic classroom and social interactions in English.
Este documento proporciona información sobre varias estructuras gramaticales y vocabulario en inglés. Explica el uso de "will", "going to", cláusulas de tiempo futuro, "used to", colocaciones, vocabulario sobre comida, coches y animales, y estructuras como condicionales irreales, pasado perfecto y pasiva. También incluye ejemplos para ilustrar cómo se forman estas estructuras gramaticales.
This document provides tips and guidance for teaching beginner language learners. It recommends using simple language, demonstrations over explanations, visual aids, gestures, and changing activities frequently to keep students engaged. Vocabulary like greetings, numbers, and common phrases should be prioritized over other topics. Drilling, recycling words through flashcards, and using cognates can help build foundations. Lessons should incorporate situational and functional language relevant to students' lives. Patience and building confidence are important as beginners may feel discouraged by the challenges of learning.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. It notes that regular exercise can reduce the risk of diseases like heart disease and diabetes, improve mood, and reduce feelings of stress and anxiety. The document recommends that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise per week to gain these benefits.
This document is the teacher's guide for the English B1.1 textbook. It provides an overview of the textbook's objectives, structure, and teaching approach. The textbook is designed around six language units and uses a task-based approach to introduce vocabulary and grammar through listening, speaking, reading and writing activities. It aims to develop students' language skills while also promoting their cognitive and social development. Lessons follow a predictable structure of warm-up, presentation, practice, and application activities. The guide emphasizes creating a student-centered learning environment and tapping into students' multiple intelligences.
This document provides examples of common greetings and introductions in conversations. It includes greetings like "Hi!", "Hello!", "Good Morning" and responses. It also gives examples of self-introductions that include name, address, age, occupation and hobbies. Sample conversations demonstrate greetings between neighbors and introductions between friends. The document aims to identify proper greetings and introductions in different situations.
This document contains a series of questions asking for personal information such as the respondent's name, age, family, school, hobbies, likes and dislikes, career and travel preferences. It inquires about topics like the respondent's parents' jobs, favorite food, sport, subject in school, month, drink, movies, and place in their country they find most beautiful. The questions are meant to learn more about the respondent on a personal level.
This document discusses greetings and introductions in formal and informal situations. It provides examples of common greetings used at different times of day and for different situations. It also gives expressions for extending greetings, responding to greetings, and introducing oneself and others. Sample dialogues for introductions are provided. Students are assigned to introduce themselves to the class and write dialogues practicing introductions.
The document provides guidelines for using inclusive and non-sexist language in Ecuadorian educational documents and communications. It explains that one of the Ministry of Education's objectives is to promote gender equity in society and education. To achieve this, they recommend using gender-neutral words like "people" instead of "men" and "teaching staff" instead of "teachers". When neutral terms do not exist, the masculine form will be used generically to refer to both women and men. This practice follows the recommendations of the Royal Spanish Academy and aims to avoid wordiness while allowing collective groups to be referred to using masculine grammar. It is signed by the President and Education officials.
The document provides guidelines for using inclusive and non-sexist language in educational documents from the Ecuadorian Ministry of Education. It explains that one of the ministry's objectives is to promote gender equity in Ecuadorian society and education. It recommends using gender-neutral words like "people" instead of "men" and "teachers" instead of "professors." When neutral terms do not exist, the masculine form should be used generically to refer to both women and men. This practice follows the recommendations of the Royal Spanish Academy and aims to avoid overly wordy expressions while allowing collective groups to be referred to using masculine grammar. It is signed by the President of Ecuador and the Minister of Education.
Shayna, is an English teacher at EspressoEnglish.net. She asked me to upload her work on slide share to help other teachers. It is a very useful English grammar resource.
1) The document provides examples of simple present tense constructions in English including affirmative, negative, interrogative, and usage with frequency adverbs.
2) Examples are given for the simple present tense of regular and irregular verbs in the first, second, third person singular and plural.
3) Common frequency adverbs are listed that can be used with simple present tense verbs like always, often, usually, sometimes, never.
1) The document provides examples of simple present tense constructions in English including affirmative, negative, interrogative, and frequency adverbs.
2) Examples are given for the simple present tense of regular and irregular verbs in the first, second, third person singular and plural.
3) Common frequency adverbs are listed that can be used with simple present tense verbs like always, often, usually, sometimes, never.
simple present, personal pronouns, verb to be, there is_are.pptxAmandaGabriela82
This document provides information about simple present tense in English. It begins by listing some common pronouns and their singular and plural forms. Examples of simple present tense are then given using "I am a student" and other sentences. The document discusses the forms of the verb "to be" for singular and plural subjects. It also covers questions and negatives using "do/does" and contractions. Overall, the document provides a concise overview of simple present tense grammar including verbs, subjects, questions, negatives and other core concepts.
Present simple affirmative, negative, questions - Present continuous affirmative, negative, questions
Adapted from Elementary Language Practice by M Vince
The document provides information and examples about using the present continuous tense in English. It discusses how the present continuous is used to describe actions happening now or around the present time. It provides spelling rules for forming verbs with "-ing" and examples of positive and negative sentences in the present continuous. Questions forms and exercises for practice using the tense are also included.
This document provides information about simple present tense in English, including:
1) The affirmative form uses the base form of the verb for all subjects except the third person singular which adds -s (e.g. he works).
2) The negative form uses the auxiliary verbs "don't" or "doesn't" plus the infinitive form of the main verb (e.g. he doesn't work).
3) Yes/no questions in the simple present tense use "do/does" before the subject and the base form of the verb (e.g. Does he work?).
The document discusses the present simple tense in English. It explains that the present simple is used to talk about habitual or repeated actions, general truths, and things happening now. It provides examples of using the present simple in the affirmative, interrogative, and negative forms. It also discusses using adverbs of frequency like always, usually, and never with the present simple. Key points covered include conjugating verbs in the third person singular with -s, using do/does for questions and negatives, and common uses and patterns of the present simple tense.
The simple present of the verb to be and others+exercisesMarta Neto
The document summarizes the simple present tense of the verb "to be" in English. It provides the conjugations of the affirmative, interrogative, and negative forms of "to be" for each subject pronoun. It then gives examples of using the simple present tense to refer to present states, habitual actions, and facts. It concludes by explaining the use of the simple present tense and providing exercises for readers to practice.
This document provides a review of key English grammar points including:
- Possessive adjectives and pronouns like "my", "mine", "ours"
- Prepositions of time such as "at", "on", "in"
- Using "can" and "can't" to express ability and forming yes/no and short answers
- Using object pronouns like "him", "her", "them"
- The difference between "like + verb+ing" and "would like to + infinitive"
- Forming sentences with "there is/are" and questions with "is/are there"
- Using the present continuous and present simple tenses correctly
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The document provides information about grammar structures including verb tenses, pronouns, possessives, and adverbs of frequency. It includes examples of present simple and continuous tense forms, questions using auxiliary verbs, possessive determiners, and expressions used to indicate how often or how long actions occur. Various grammar points are defined and exemplified such as subject-verb agreement, regular and irregular plural forms, and using object pronouns after prepositions.
This document provides information and exercises about languages, countries, and daily routines. It includes lists of languages and the countries where they are spoken, with activities to match them. It also discusses verb conjugation and sentence structures in English, including questions. Examples of daily routines are listed, with a prompt for students to write a fact sheet about the language and country of Spain. Finally, it introduces a writing activity about composing a creepy Halloween story.
This document provides information and exercises about languages, countries, and daily routines. It includes lists of languages and the countries where they are spoken, with activities to match them. It also discusses verb conjugation and sentence structures in English, including questions. Examples of daily routines are listed, with a prompt for students to write a fact sheet about the language and country of Spain. Finally, it introduces a writing activity to craft a mystery or creepy story for Halloween.
The document provides information about possessions, verbs, adverbs of frequency, questions, and daily routines. It includes lists of common possessions, explanations of verbs and how they change form, examples of adverbs like "always" and "never" and how they describe frequency. It also demonstrates how to form yes/no and wh- questions in English using helping verbs like "do" and "does". Finally, it shares a sample daily routine using verbs and time expressions to describe a typical day.
This document provides information about and examples of using the present simple and present continuous tenses in English. It explains that the present simple is used for permanent or habitual situations, while the present continuous is used for temporary actions happening now or in the near future. It provides rules and formation examples for both tenses, including affirmative and negative forms, questions, and common time expressions used with each. Practice examples are given at the end for the reader to identify whether sentences require the present simple or present continuous form.
PRESENT SIMPLE OR PRESENT CONTINUOUS (EXPLANATION)jfhidal
This document provides an overview of the present simple and present continuous tenses in English. It explains that the present simple is used for permanent or habitual situations, while the present continuous is used for temporary actions happening now or in the near future. Examples are given for forming, using negatives and questions of both tenses. Common time expressions that accompany each tense are also outlined.
The document discusses various verb tenses in English including the simple present, present continuous, simple past, and past continuous tenses. It provides examples of how each tense is used to express actions, states, schedules, habits and interrupted events in both the present and past.
The document provides an overview of English verb tenses, including examples and explanations of how to use each tense. It covers the simple present, present continuous, present perfect, and present perfect continuous tenses. For each tense, it shows the verb form, examples of affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences, and descriptions of when that tense is used in terms of actions that are repeated, ongoing, completed, etc. The document is intended to teach English learners the appropriate uses and meanings of different verb tenses.
The document provides information about using the Simple Present and Present Continuous tenses in English. It discusses when each tense is used, their grammatical forms, exceptions, signal words that indicate each tense, and examples of how to use each tense correctly in sentences. Certain verbs like "be", "have", and verbs related to senses are usually only used in the Simple Present tense. The document also compares when each tense is used to describe daily routines, future arrangements, and ongoing actions.
Advanced 1 - Grammar and vocabulary Practice.pdfGeorgeVieira11
The document provides information about the simple present tense, present continuous tense, and the differences between action and state verbs. It discusses how the simple present is used to describe habitual or repeated actions, while the present continuous is used for temporary actions or actions happening now. Some examples are provided to illustrate the different uses. State verbs like feelings, thoughts, senses are usually not used in the continuous form. The document then provides exercises for learners to practice using these tenses in different contexts.
Similar to Free English Grammar E-Book Level 1 (20)
- The trial between Microsoft and the Department of Justice over antitrust issues was complex, with dueling arguments from lawyers, economists, and technical experts.
- The Department of Justice argued that Microsoft used coercive tactics to maintain its monopoly over personal computer operating systems and software.
- Microsoft defended itself by claiming it faced intense competition and merely succeeded due to having the best products, not anti-competitive behavior. Microsoft economist Richard Schmalensee testified that competitors like Apple and BeOS posed a serious threat to Microsoft.
From Tabusintac to Tokyo - Jeremiah SutherlandGeorge Grayson
This document is an introduction to a collection of stories by Jeremiah Sutherland. It provides background on the author and describes the stories as being loosely based on true events from his life. The introduction explains that the stories should not be taken as completely factually accurate given the passage of time and human biases. It then proceeds to provide a sample story about the author's unusual birth, which he attributes to his parents nearly getting into a car accident when trying to avoid hitting a moose on a treacherous road in rural New Brunswick.
- Jon receives a visit from a cloaked man and his scarred soldier escort, who inform Jon that he must fulfill a debt owed to the Emperor from his past as a soldier. Jon leaves his farm the next day to travel south.
- Before departing, Jon makes love to his wife Sandra, knowing he may not return. He gives her gold and instructions to seek help from their neighbor if needed.
- Jon transforms on his journey, unpacking gear from his mysterious past. He emerges as a dangerous man, recognized by all as an agent of the Emperor. He continues south to fulfill his debt.
This document provides a summary and overview of the book "The Graves of Academe" by Richard Mitchell. It includes quotes praising the book from reviewers and publications. The book is described as an "angry and brilliant tour" through America's public school system that critiques the "mangled, self-serving language and policies" of education administrators. The foreword explains that the book evolved from a planned collection of essays into a broader analysis and description of "the great invisible hulk of the beast, the brooding monstrosity of American educationism." It aims to provide a true understanding of the issues, though acknowledges more detailed analysis is possible.
An old man with an unstable connection to space-time encounters Dana Owen Gottschalk, a protestor in Austin. Due to his condition, the old man's speech is unintelligible but he senses power in Dana's name, hoping she can use it to make him fully present. Dana tries to kick the old man away, unwilling to help. The old man continues seeking someone who can stabilize his form and bring divinity back into the world.
From The Hands Of Hostile Gods - Darren R. HawkinsGeorge Grayson
The document is a work of fiction that describes the crew members on an off-world station who find a deck of tarot cards belonging to a deceased colleague, Icky. They decide to use the tarot cards to create a new card game called Yetzirah. The story also introduces the station commander, Markus Brett, who watches the storms outside while the crew plays their new card game in the background.
From Rome To Byzantium: Trade and Continuity in the First Millennium AD - Tom...George Grayson
This document provides an overview of trade in the Roman and Byzantine Mediterranean between 200 BC and AD 600. It discusses debates around the nature and importance of trade in the Roman economy, with some arguing it was primarily state-controlled while others see evidence for more widespread "free trade". The document uses archaeological evidence, especially distributions of amphoras and fine pottery, to analyze changing trade patterns over this period. It finds that Italian wine exports dominated in the early Roman period but Spanish and Gaulish goods grew in importance. North Africa dominated trade from the 3rd to 4th centuries AD before Eastern Mediterranean products became widespread in the late Roman period.
This document provides an introduction and summary of the first volume in a planned six-part science fiction series titled The Truthfarer. The summary describes the origins of the universe from the beginning of space and time through the development of life. It follows the adventures of two beings as they travel from an ancient planet to encounter strange new races, including a species driven mad by insatiable hunger. The document invites readers to join in the quest of the Truthfarers to find the ultimate truth and meaning of sentient life.
Dorian is desperate to save his marriage and convinces his friend Cedric to help him use an experimental brain scanning technique to enter his wife Tabitha's mind. They sedate Tabitha and Dorian enters her mind, finding himself in 1920s Paris which Tabitha romanticizes. Without fully understanding the risks, Dorian searches for clues in Tabitha's mental landscape to understand why she is withdrawing from him, as Cedric monitors from the outside and provides support to ensure Dorian's safety during the process.
Hell Comes On The Wind - Antony E. BradburyGeorge Grayson
The document is the prologue of a novel that introduces Philippe Domfront, a 79-year-old man saying goodbye to his family in a small English village in 1110. As Philippe reflects on his life with his large family by his bedside, the story flashes back to 1065 where Philippe is shown living in a small French village with his brother Alan and family, working as blacksmiths. Philippe purchases a new grinding wheel that greatly improves their work and brings Alan great joy in using it.
Daniel Asher, called Dingo, visits his brother Rick's assistant Luna to get information about a family heirloom
box that Rick accidentally left in the trunk of a car he sold. Luna provides Dingo with paperwork on the buyer
and the route he is taking to Buffalo. Dingo is annoyed by Luna's health food offerings and the strange art in
Rick's house. He prepares to track down the box before it can be used to unleash a dark family secret.
This document summarizes part of a short story about a man named Lewis who is hired by his former classmate Dennis to follow and observe a woman named Lane who has accused Dennis's client of rape. Lewis reluctantly takes the job and spends the day observing Lane at her library job and following her, making her visibly uncomfortable. That night he drives by her apartment again and she sees him, alarming him. The next day on the job, a campus police officer questions Lewis about his presence at the library and he shows the officer Dennis's business card. Lane then leaves the library, losing Lewis when she turns a corner.
Ella Eris and the Pirates of Redemption - Albert BergGeorge Grayson
The document is the prologue and first two chapters of a story. It introduces a thief who is being chased and falls off a cliff, finding a mysterious dead man at the bottom wearing strange black clothes and clutching an impossibly heavy black ring. The story then shifts to Ella, a girl with the power to transform into animals who discovers the dead body and takes the ring, before returning home to find her mother has a new guest, a man named Julius, staying at their inn.
Turndevelt's Big Book of Forewords - David R. PerryGeorge Grayson
This document is the preface to Dr. Lewis B. Turndevelt's Big Book of Forewords. It summarizes the author's objections to prefaces, considering them a form of stealing as they allow potential buyers to get the gist of the book without purchasing it. It then recounts a humorous conversation the author had with his editor about including a preface versus shrink wrapping the book so readers wouldn't know what they were getting. The preface concludes by stating the author will be taking a year-long vacation and leaving behind this collection of forewords to be used for any books that may need one in his absence.
1) The document is an introduction by Cory Doctorow to his second novel "Eastern Standard Tribe".
2) He discusses how his first novel was released under a Creative Commons license allowing hundreds of thousands of free copies to be distributed.
3) With this second novel, he is again experimenting with different models of publishing by making it freely available online while also releasing a physical version. He encourages readers to share the novel widely online to help explore the future of publishing.
There was something very strange about von Kühnert's blank psyche, but the narrator couldn't put his finger on it. The inner highways of von Kühnert's mind were like empty tunnels, devoid of any personal information. The narrator planned to compare von Kühnert's mind to those with natural intellectual challenges at the Nexus-7 Neurological Institute to find clues about how his mind was erased. The narrator's boss, Vanessa Carmichael, a tough and respected director, approved his trip to help solve the mysterious Mind Invasion cases.
Father, Son, Ghost of the Holy - Brad and John HillGeorge Grayson
This document is an introduction to an email dialogue between Brad Hill, a pastor, and his cousin John Hill, an atheist. They discuss their backgrounds and religious views. John describes himself as a "strong atheist" who believes there is no God and sees no evidence for the supernatural. He places himself on the far left of the atheism spectrum, believing the universe is purely material with no spiritual dimension. Brad is interested to discuss these issues with John civilly. The dialogue is meant to serve as a model for respectful discourse between people with differing worldviews on faith and atheism.
The story follows two gas station attendants, I and Harnie, and their encounter with a mysterious stranger who arrives in a beautiful car. They recount the story of a beautiful woman who came to their town years ago and sat down with her cello, never moving again. When Harnie plucked one of the cello strings, his hand lit up and was consumed in a shower of sparks. Though a strange event, the townspeople acted like nothing happened. The stranger insists on being taken to see the woman. When they arrive, he plays her a song on his steel guitar, and she opens her eyes for the first time in decades.
Five Jewels of Wisdom - David Barret-MurrerGeorge Grayson
The document discusses the five jewels of wisdom, which are teachings that can advance one spiritually without requiring a particular belief system. The five jewels are: 1) awareness of karma, 2) harmlessness, 3) cessation of selfish desire, 4) sustained loving attitude, and 5) harmony of freedom. It focuses on the first jewel of karma, explaining that every thought, word, and deed will return to us through cause and effect. Understanding and living with an awareness of karma allows one to choose between suffering and freedom from suffering.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
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Table of Contents
Present Simple: To Be…………………………………………………………………… 4
Possessives…………………………………………………………………………………… 6
Articles: A, An, The ……………………………………………………………………… 7
This, That, These, Those……………………………………………………………… 8
Present Simple……………………………………………………………………………… 10
Can / Can't / Have to / Don't Have to………………………………………… 14
Prepositions: In, At, On………………………………………………………………… 15
Past Simple: To Be………………………………………………………………………… 17
Past Simple: Regular Verbs…………………………………………………………… 18
Past Simple: Irregular Verbs………………………………………………………… 20
There is / There are……………………………………………………………………… 22
Present Continuous………………………………………………………………………… 23
Present Simple or Continuous……………………………………………………… 26
Countable and Uncountable………………………………………………………… 27
Future with Going To…………………………………………………………………… 29
Comparative Adjectives………………………………………………………………… 31
Superlative Adjectives…………………………………………………………………… 34
Adverbs…………………………………………………………………………………………… 36
Present Perfect: Verb be…………………………………………………………………38
Present Perfect: Other Verbs………………………………………………………… 40
Present Perfect or Past Simple……………………………………………………… 42
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Welcome!
Espresso English has fun, fast online English
lessons every week! The lessons include reading,
listening, vocabulary, grammar, and practice exercises. If
you have a question, you can contact the teacher.
This book teaches beginner-level grammar topics with
links to grammar exercises on the website. Espresso
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This Grammar e-Book is free – so please share it with
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EspressoEnglish.net
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Present Simple: Be
Positive:
I am I’m from Japan.
you / we / they are you’re / we’re / they’re from Brazil.
he / she / it is he’s / she’s / it’s from India.
Negative:
I am not I’m not married.
you / we / they
are not
You’re not / You aren’t
We’re not / We aren’t
They’re not / They aren’t
happy.
he / she / it
is not
He isn’t / He’s not
She isn’t / She’s not
It isn’t / It’s not
a student.
Question:
Am I beautiful?
Are you / we / they a teacher?
Is he / she / it tall?
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Present Simple: Be
Name:
I’m Joanna.
He’s Paulo.
They’re Aki and Yuta.
Country / Nationality:
I’m from the U.S. I’m American.
My husband is from Italy. He’s Italian.
She’s not Korean, she’s Vietnamese.
Are they from Australia?
Age:
I’m 27 years old.
How old are you?
She’s 15.
My mother is 65 years old.
Emotions:
I’m sad.
She’s excited.
You’re angry.
We’re happy.
Jobs:
I’m not a student. I’m a teacher.
Are you a doctor?
He’s a journalist.
They’re artists.
Grammar Exercise: Present Simple: Be
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Possessives
NOUN POSSESSIVE EXAMPLE
I my My name is Sandra.
you your What’s your name?
he his His name is John.
she her Her computer is fast.
it its My car is old, so its engine isn’t powerful.
we our Our apartment is in the city center.
they their My parents sold their house.
Mary Mary’s Mary’s phone number is 555-4321.
Joe Joe’s Joe’s favorite color is green.
the boy the boy’s The boy’s clothes are dirty.
friends friends’ My friends’ names are Patrick and Gloria.
cat cat’s My cat’s name is Ginger.
country country’s My country’s flag is red, white, and blue.
Don’t confuse its (possessive) with it’s (contraction for “it is”)!
The cat ate it’s food
The cat ate its food.
Its illegal for a 17-year-old to buy alcohol.
It’s illegal for a 17-year-old to buy alcohol.
Grammar Exercise: Possessives
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Articles: A, An, The
I’m going to eat an apple. I’m going to eat the red apple.
a / an general
(one of
many)
I want to buy a car.
He’s eating an apple.
Do you have a bike?
She is an old woman.
I’m reading a book.
the specific
(one
specific)
Tokyo is the capital of Japan.
The new Chinese restaurant is very good.
We like the blue car.
The girl in the red dress is beautiful.
I’m reading the new book by J.K. Rowling.
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Articles: A, An, The
Use “an” if the word starts with the sound of a, e, i, o, u:
an apple
an egg
an ice cream shop
an open door
an umbrella
an hour
Use “a” if the word starts with the sound of any other letter.
Do not use “the” with countries or cities:
I live in the China.
I live in China.
Do not use “the” with things in general:
She likes the pizza.
She likes pizza.
She likes the pizza from Tony’s Restaurant. (specific)
Grammar Exercise: A, An, The
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This, That, These, Those
This 1 thing – near
That 1 thing – far
These 2+ things – near
Those 2+ things – far
This apple is green. That apple is red.
These books are new. Those books are old.
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Present Simple: Positive
Use the present simple for things that happen regularly or things
that are generally true.
I / you / we / they work
he / she / it works
Examples:
I work in a bank.
He works at the university.
We work every day.
My sister works at the hospital.
Special Case #1
For verbs that end in consonant + –y, we remove the –y and
add –ies:
I study English at school.
Dana studies English at school.
Bill studys English at school
Other verbs like this include: cry, try, fly, carry
Special Case #2
For verbs that end in -o, -sh, -s, -ss, -ch, -x, we add -es.
They go to English class on Wednesday.
She goes to cooking class on Saturday.
She gos to cooking class on Saturday.
Other verbs like this include: watch, kiss, teach, fix
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Present Simple: Negative
Use the present simple negative for things that are not generally
true.
I / you / we / they don’t like
he / she / it doesn't like
Examples:
I don't like coffee.
John doesn't like pizza.
John and David don't like milk.
My mother doesn't like to travel.
Common Errors
1) In the present simple negative, do not add -s:
Martha doesn't likes to dance.
Martha doesn't like to dance.
2) Other common errors:
Pete no like bananas.
Pete not like bananas.
Pete doesn’t like bananas.
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Present Simple: Questions
Use present simple questions to ask about things that happen
regularly or things that are generally true.
Do I / you / we / they live in a city?
Does he / she / it live in a city?
Examples:
Do you live in Brazil?
Does Adam live in England?
Do they live in a big house?
Does she live near the beach?
Common Errors
1) In questions, don't use -s:
Does she lives close to the beach?
Does she live close to the beach?
2) Don’t forget DO or DOES:
Clara live in a big city?
Does Clara live in a big city?
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Present Simple: Answering
Yes/No Questions
Do you have a dog?
Yes, I do. / No, I don't
Do I look fat in these jeans?
No, you don’t!
Does John speak Italian?
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Does she like rock music?
Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
Do we watch too much TV?
Yes, we do. / No, we don’t.
Do they understand English?
Yes, they do. / No, they don't.
Grammar Exercises:
Present Simple Positive
Present Simple Negative
Present Simple Questions
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Can / Can’t / Must / Mustn’t
Have to / Don’t have to
Can It’s OK
Can’t / Mustn’t It’s not OK
Have to / Must It’s necessary / obligatory
Don’t have to
Doesn’t have to
It’s not necessary / obligatory
(it’s optional)
(must / mustn’t are more formal)
You can ride your bike here. You can’t smoke here.
You mustn’t smoke here.
You have to stop here. You don’t have to pay
You must stop here. for the food.
FREE
FOOD!
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Prepositions: In, At, On
TIME PLACE
IN
Months
In January
In October
Seasons
In the summer
In the spring
Years
In 2004
In 1986
Periods of the day
In the morning
In the evening
(exception: at night)
Cities and countries
In Tokyo
In Japan
Rooms and buildings
In the kitchen
In the supermarket
Closed spaces
In the car
In a park
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Grammar Exercise: Prepositions: In, On, At
TIME PLACE
ON
Dates and days
On Monday
On February 14th
Transportation
On the bus
On a bike
(exception: in a car)
Surfaces
On the table
On the wall
TIME PLACE
AT
Times
At 6:00
At half past three
At noon
Contexts / Events
At school
At work
At a party
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Past Simple: To Be
Positive:
I / he / she / it was born in 1982.
you / we / they were born in 1982.
Negative:
I / he / she / it was not (wasn’t) born in Europe.
you / we / they were not (weren’t) born in Europe.
Questions:
Was I / he / she / it a famous artist?
Were you / we / they a famous artist?
Grammar Exercise: Past Simple: To Be
Common words used to talk about the past:
Yesterday
Last Sunday / last week / last month /
last November / last year
1 hour ago / 5 days ago / 3 months ago / 10 years ago
When I was a child… / When we were in college…
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Past Simple: Regular Verbs
Positive:
I / you / he / she / it / we / they worked yesterday
Negative:
I / you / he / she / it / we / they didn’t work yesterday
Question:
Did I / you / he / she / it /
we / they
work yesterday?
How to form the past simple for regular verbs:
Verb Past Spelling
listen
play
listened
played
Add -ed
like
decide
liked
decided
Add -d
stop stopped One vowel + one consonant =
double the final consonant and
add -ed
study
try
studied
tried
One consonant + y
-ied
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Past Simple: Regular Verbs
Examples:
I talked with my mother last night.
We enjoyed the party on Saturday.
She finished the test early.
He didn’t listen to the teacher’s instructions.
They didn’t want to join us for coffee.
Jill didn’t stay in a hotel last summer.
Did you watch the news yesterday?
Did they remember to turn off the lights?
What time did your father arrive?
Grammar Exercise: Past Simple Regular Verbs
In past simple negative and questions, do not add -ed:
Mary didn’t liked the movie.
Mary didn’t like the movie.
Did you studied for the test?
Did you study for the test?
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Past Simple: Irregular Verbs
Infinitive Positive Negative
be was / were wasn’t / weren’t
buy bought didn’t buy
can could couldn’t
eat ate didn’t eat
get got didn’t get
go went didn’t go
have had didn’t have
leave left didn’t leave
make made didn’t make
meet met didn’t meet
say said didn’t say
see saw didn’t see
take took didn’t take
think thought didn’t think
understand understood didn’t understand
wear wore didn’t wear
write wrote didn’t write
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Past Simple: Irregular Verbs
Examples:
Where were you last month?
I was in France.
What did your sister buy at the mall?
She bought new shoes.
What time did he eat breakfast today?
He ate breakfast at 6:00 AM.
When did you get married?
We got married in July.
Why did she go to London?
She went to London to study English.
Did you have any pets when you were a child?
Yes, I had a dog.
When did he leave the meeting?
He left the meeting an hour before it finished
What did you make for dinner?
I made some vegetable soup.
When did you meet your best friend?
I met my best friend 20 years ago.
What did the teacher say?
The teacher said that she loved our class.
Did you see Brad at the football game?
No, but we saw Peter and Henry.
What did he wear to the wedding?
He wore a suit.
Did he write a new book last year?
No, he only wrote a few magazine articles.
Grammar Exercise: Past Simple – Irregular Verbs
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There is / There are
Singular Plural
(+) There’s a pillow on the sofa. There are two pillows on the bed.
(-) There isn’t a mirror in the
bathroom.
There aren’t any windows in the
bedroom.
(?) Is there a table?
Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
Are there any chairs?
Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
There’s a pillow on the sofa. There are two pillows on the bed.
Is there a table? Yes, there is. Are there any chairs?
No, there aren’t.
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Present Continuous: Positive
Present continuous is for things happening now, at the moment.
I am watching
you / we / they are watching
he / she / it is watching
Examples:
I am watching TV right now.
He is studying at the moment.
It is raining today.
We are thinking about you.
They are playing baseball.
Some verbs are never used in the present continuous:
like, want, need, believe.
I’m believing in God.
I believe in God.
She’s wanting a soda.
She wants a soda.
It’s very common to use contractions:
I'm watching TV right now.
He's studying at the moment.
It's raining today.
We're thinking about you.
They're playing baseball.
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Present Continuous: Negative
I am not
(I’m not)
listening
you / we / they are not
(aren’t)
listening
he / she / it is not
(isn’t)
listening
Examples:
I am not working at the moment.
She is not wearing a hat today.
You are not listening to the teacher.
Pete and Jan are not watching TV.
There are two ways to use contractions:
She’s not wearing a hat today.
She isn’t wearing a hat today.
You’re not listening to the teacher.
You aren’t listening to the teacher.
Both forms are OK!
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Present Continuous: Questions
Am I working?
Are you / we / they working?
Is he / she / it working?
Examples:
Are you writing a letter?
Is Pedro sleeping right now?
Are the children playing a game or reading a book?
Is the computer working?
Grammar Exercises:
Present Continuous Positive
Present Continuous Negative
Present Continuous Questions
You can put a question word at the beginning:
What are you doing?
I’m writing an e-mail.
Where is Sarah going?
She’s going to the store.
Who are they talking to?
They’re talking to the teacher.
Why is he running?
Because he’s late for work.
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Present Simple or Continuous?
Present simple for things that happen in general or regularly.
Present continuous for things happening now, at the moment, or
current/temporary projects.
Present Simple Present Continuous
I work from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM
every day.
I’m currently working on a new
project.
Mark studies English every
Tuesday night.
Mark is studying the present
continuous this week.
We usually go to Europe in the
summer.
Right now, we’re going to the
supermarket.
They always talk to their boss in
the morning.
It’s 9:00 AM. They’re talking to
him now.
Does it usually rain in the winter? No, but it’s raining at the
moment. Take an umbrella.
Grammar Exercises: Present Simple or Present Continuous?
Words that are often used with the present simple or continuous:
With present simple: always, usually, often, sometimes,
never, every (day/night/Monday/summer/year)
With present continuous: now, right now, at the moment,
currently, this week/month/year, today
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Countable and Uncountable
Countable nouns are things we can count – for example, cats:
My brother has a cat.
My sister has two cats.
My friend has three cats.
Other examples of countable nouns:
Things - book, table, computer, banana, shirt, television, house.
People - man, woman, child, friend, sister, uncle, teacher, boss.
Uncountable nouns are words that we can’t count, or can’t divide
into separate parts:
Liquids and some foods - water, butter, rice, flour, milk
Ideas and concepts - love, fun, work, money, peace, safety
Information - advice, information, news, knowledge
Categories - music, furniture, equipment, jewelry, meat
Countable Uncountable
dollar / dollars
song / songs
table / tables
bottle / bottles
report / reports
job / jobs
money
music
furniture
wine, water
information
work
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Countable and Uncountable
Grammar Exercise: Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Don’t add -s to make uncountable nouns plural:
I need some informations about the course.
I need some information about the course.
You can use other words to help quantify uncountable nouns:
She bought three bottles of wine and five boxes of rice.
He gave me two pieces of advice: eat less and exercise more.
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Future with Going To
Use “going to” to talk about future plans and predictions.
She’s going to have a baby It’s going to rain soon.
next month.
Positive:
Full Form Contracted Form
I am
You are
He / she / it is
We are
They are
I’m
You’re
He’s / She’s / It’s
We’re
They’re
going to take a test
tomorrow.
In fast spoken English, “going to” often sounds like gonna:
“We’re gonna take a test tomorrow.”
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Future with Going To
Negative:
Full Form Contracted
Form 1
Contracted
Form 2
I am not
You are not
He / she is not
It is not
We are not
They are not
I’m not
You’re not
He’s / She’s not
It’s not
We’re not
They’re not
---
You aren’t
He / she isn’t
It isn’t
We aren’t
They aren’t
going to
take a test
tomorrow.
Question:
Am
Are
Is
Are
Are
I
you
he / she / it
we
they
going to take a test tomorrow?
Grammar Exercise: Future with “Going to”
Don’t forget “am/is/are”!
I going to buy some new shoes next week.
I’m going to buy some new shoes next week.
She not going to watch TV.
She’s not going to watch TV.
They going to get married in June.
They’re going to get married in June.
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Comparative Adjectives
Use comparatives to compare two things:
Phil is older than Ben.
Ben is younger than Phil.
For One-Syllable Words
Add –er
Tall
Old
Fast
Long
New
Taller
Older
Faster
Longer
Newer
My new car is faster than my old car.
I'm older than my brother.
Traveling by bike takes longer than traveling by motorcycle.
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Comparative Adjectives
For Words that end in a vowel + consonant
Double the last consonant and add –er
Big
Hot
Thin
Bigger
Hotter
Thinner
An elephant is bigger than a cat.
Brazil is hotter than Sweden.
My sister is thinner than me.
For Words that end in consonant + y
Remove -y and add -ier.
Easy
Happy
Busy
Easier
Happier
Busier
Reading English is easier than listening.
Maria is happier than Dave.
People today are busier than in the past.
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Comparative Adjectives
For Words with 3+ syllables
Add “more” before the adjective:
Expensive
Popular
Interesting
More expensive
More popular
More interesting
A car is more expensive than a computer.
Michael Jackson's music is more popular than country music.
Watching a movie is more interesting than studying grammar.
Adjectives with Irregular Comparatives
Good
Bad
Far
Better
Worse
Farther
Eating fruit is better for your health than eating hamburgers.
Cancer is worse than the flu.
One mile is farther than one kilometer.
Grammar Exercise: Comparative Adjectives
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Superlative Adjectives
Use superlatives to compare three or more things:
Jim is the oldest person in the family.
Kelly is the youngest person in the family.
Adjective Superlative
Old
Big
Easy
Friendly
Beautiful
Expensive
Good
Bad
Far
the oldest
the biggest
the easiest
the friendliest
the most beautiful
the most expensive
the best
the worst
the farthest
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Superlative Adjectives
Examples:
My grandmother is the oldest person in my family.
Russia is the biggest country in the world.
This is the easiest test I've ever taken.
Barry is the friendliest guy in the class.
Donna is the most beautiful woman I've ever seen.
The most expensive shoes in the world cost 1.5 million dollars.
I like all sports, but I like soccer the best.
Picking up garbage was the worst job I've ever had.
Australia is the farthest I've ever traveled.
Grammar Exercise: Superlative Adjectives
Superlatives are often used with the present perfect + ever:
This is the best sushi I've ever eaten.
What's the most expensive car you've ever driven?
The longest book I've ever read was 500 pages.
Jan is the friendliest person I've ever met.
Don’t forget “the”!
I read newest lesson from Espresso English.
I read the newest lesson from Espresso English.
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Adverbs
Use adjectives to describe nouns (things or people).
Use adverbs to describe verbs (how a person does something):
That was a terrible game. (adjective – describes “game”)
The team played terribly. (adverb – describes “played”)
Common adverbs:
Adjective Adverb
slow
quiet
bad
beautiful
dangerous
careful
easy
healthy
good
fast
hard
slowly
quietly
badly
beautifully
dangerously
carefully
easily
healthily
well
fast
hard
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Adverbs
Examples:
My grandfather drives slowly, but I drive fast.
The teacher spoke so quietly that I couldn’t hear her.
I can read English well, but I speak badly.
Evan lives dangerously. He loves radical sports.
We wrote the letter carefully so as not to make a mistake.
I opened the jar easily.
Soccer players need to eat healthily to stay in good shape.
Janet works very hard. She arrives at work early and leaves late.
Grammar Exercise: Adjective or Adverb?
Adjectives go before the noun. Adverbs usually go after the verb:
Ruth is a quiet person. (“quiet” describes “person”)
Ruth speaks quietly. (“quietly” describes “speaks”)
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Present Perfect: Verb be
Use the present perfect in two situations:
1)To talk about experiences in the past, when we don’t know
or don’t say exactly when the experience happened.
Examples:
Have you been to Italy?
Yes, I’ve been there three times.
Have you been to Rio de Janeiro?
No, I haven’t. I don’t like hot weather.
Has Diana been to a rock concert?
Yes, many times!
Has your brother been to a big sports event?
No, he hasn’t. He hates sports.
2)To talk about an action or state that started in the past
and continues to the present.
Examples:
How long have you been married?
I’ve been married for five years.
How long has John been a teacher?
He’s been a teacher since last January.
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Present Perfect: Verb be
Positive
Full Form Short Form
I have
You have
We have
They have
I’ve
You’ve
We’ve
They’ve
been to Paris.
He / she / it has He’s / she’s / it’s been to Paris.
Negative
Full Form Short Form
I have not
You have not
We have not
They have not
I haven’t
You haven’t
We haven’t
They haven’t
been to Paris.
He / she / it has not He / she / it hasn’t been to Paris.
Question
Auxiliary Verb Subject
Have I / you / we / they been to Paris?
Has he / she / it been to Paris?
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Present Perfect: Other Verbs
Regular verbs
Verb Past Participle Example
travel
watch
pass
try
stop
traveled
watched
passed
tried
stopped
I’ve traveled to 15 countries in my life.
She hasn’t watched the movie yet.
We’ve passed our English test.
Have you tried restarting the computer?
They’ve recently stopped smoking.
Irregular verbs
Verb Past Past Participle
break
buy
do
eat
get
give
go
know
leave
make
meet
see
take
tell
think
write
broke
bought
did
ate
got
gave
went
knew
left
made
met
saw
took
told
thought
wrote
broken
bought
done
eaten
gotten
given
gone
known
left
made
met
seen
taken
told
thought
written
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Present Perfect: Other Verbs
Examples:
I can’t find my car keys. Have you seen them?
No, I haven’t. Sorry.
We’ve written more than 100 e-mails in the past week.
My cousin has met a lot of famous people in her life.
Have you ever broken a bone?
Yes, I have.
Has she ever eaten Vietnamese food?
No, she hasn’t.
Have you ever thought about moving to another country?
We’ve thought about it, but we haven’t told our kids.
The teacher hasn’t given us any homework yet.
Camilo has made a lot of mistakes in his life.
Have you ever gotten lost while driving?
No, I haven’t – but my mother has!
Kristin has never taken singing classes.
Grammar Exercise: Present Perfect
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Present Perfect or Past Simple
Use the present perfect to talk about a general experience in the
past. Use the past simple to talk about a specific moment in the past.
“Have you seen the new Mission Impossible film?”
“Yes, I have.”
“When did you see it?”
“I saw it last week.”
Use the present perfect for “unspecified” time:
I’ve seen the new Mission Impossible film.
|-------------------?--------------|------------------------------------|
past present future
Use the past simple for “specified” time:
I saw the new Mission Impossible film last week.
|-------------------------|-------|------------------------------------|
past last week present future
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Present Perfect or Past Simple
Use the present perfect to talk about an action that started in the
past and continues to the present. Use the past simple to talk about
an action that started and finished in the past.
Use the present perfect for “unfinished” time:
“I’ve lived in Brazil for three years.” (and I live in Brazil now)
|----------------|>>>>>>>>>>|------------------------------------|
past 3 years ago present future
Use the past simple for “finished” time:
“I lived in Brazil for three years.” (and I don’t live in Brazil now)
|-------|>>>>>>>>>>|--------|-----------------------------------|
past period of 3 years present future
Grammar Exercise: Present Perfect or Past Simple?
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The End!
Thanks for reading
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About the teacher
My name is Shayna. I’m from the United
States, and I currently live in Brazil, where
I work as an English teacher and
translator. I have a CELTA certification to
teach English to adults, and I really enjoy
helping my students communicate better.
I am 27 years old and married, and in my free time I like
to read, write, play soccer, go hiking, and do capoeira. I
also love to travel and learn about different countries and
cultures – please write to me and tell me where you are
from. I hope you enjoy Espresso English!