The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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COS definition, development and treatment in orthodontics. Deep overbite and reverse curve. Different ways to level the COS. intrusion, extrusion or both.
COS definition, development and treatment in orthodontics. Deep overbite and reverse curve. Different ways to level the COS. intrusion, extrusion or both.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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Frankel’s functional regulator /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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Mode of action of functional appliances /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Ricketts analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Frankel’s functional regulator /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Mode of action of functional appliances /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Frankel’s functional regulator /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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Frankles appliance Is a myofunctional appliance
Functional appliance are removable or fixed appliances that aim to utilize eliminate or guide the forces arising from muscle function,tooth eruption and growth inorder to alter skeletal and dental relationship
=== airway and craniofacial pattern
=== muscle and craniofacial pattern
=== tongue and anterior open bite
=== thumb sucking
=== failure of eruption
=== trauma stability
=== genetics
Treatment:
Thumb sucking
Tongue thrust
Macroglossia
Airway obstruction
Incisor intrusion
Growing patient
Non growing patient
** bonding to second molars
** esthetics and open bite
** ortho-gnathic correction
Myo-Functional Appliances.
Removable orthodontic appliance ✨ Professor Rolf Frankel
✨ 1967
Maxillary changes
mean movement of the maxilla of - -0·2mm - a slight increase of forward growth, the range being from –7·1 to 5·8 mm
Mandibular changes
• 12·8 mm of advancement to –1·4 mm of relative backward movement.. Molar Changes
• U6- mesial direction -1·1 mm
• The relative contributions to total upper molar movement were a mean –0·4 mm
of tip and –0·7 mm of bodily movement,
• L6- (mean 0·9 mm)
• The net correction of the position of the lower molar in the FR group was due to
the bodily movement(1·6 mm), the mean tip (–0·7 mm) opposing the Class II correction.
In the FR group a mean total molar correction of 3·8 mm
Incisor change
▪ 4·1 mm of retroclination in the upper incisors
▪ 2·2 mm of proclination in the lower.
▪ Bodily movement of the upper incisors- –4·9 to 3·7 mm with a mean
movement of –0·9 mm (forward direction).
To evaluate cephalometrically the effects of Fränkel's function regulator (FR-4) appliance on the treatment of Angle Class I skeletal anterior open bite malocclusion.
▪ Forty Turkish children (26 girls and 14 boys), with Angle Class I skeletal anterior open bite, were randomly divided into two groups of 20 (13 girls and 7 boys).
▪ Patients who had not undergone treatment served as the control group, whereas a second group was treated with lip-seal training and the FR-4 appliance.
▪ Chronologic mean decimal age at initial period of the investigation was 8.7 years in the treated group, and 8.9 years in the control group.
▪ Treatment and observation periods were 2 years.
▪ a spontaneous downward and backward growth direction of the mandible
observed in the control group could be changed to a upward and forward direction
by FR-4 therapy.
▪ The skeletal anterior open bite was successfully corrected through upward and
forward mandibular rotation.
CAPPED FR
• controls tipping
• Indicated in deep bite cases
MODIFIED FR FOR VME
• Posterior part of maxilla –important for vertical growth control
• 1⁄2 -1/3 mm posterior eruption increases AFH by 1mm.
• Molars intruded chin translated forward improving profile
• Modified FR for VME by adding posterior bite blocks
• Added head gear tubes
Frankel functional appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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Functional appliances
Prepared by:
Dr Mohammed Alruby
الوفاء غالي جدا فلا تتوقعه من رخيص
Functional orthodontic appliances
Definition: loose, usually removable intra-oral device which alter the muscle force against the teeth and cranio-facial skeleton.
They are dynamic appliance depend on altered neuro-muscular action to affect bony growth and occlusal development and also in maxilla than mandible
They are usually used in mixed dentition (ADA 1992)
Growth modification: making limited change in size of the cranio-facial complex
Time treatment: depend on growth spurt that differ in boys and girls
= early treatment usually involves two phase of treatment:
1- Functional phase
2- Fixed phase
=early start treatment can effect on the improvement of malocclusion so decrease the psychological impact
Types of occlusion treatment with functional appliances
- Class II div 1
- Class I div 2
- Class III
- Open bite
How functional appliance work
Functional appliance influence four principle regions
1- Oro-facial soft tissue:
Teeth sit between the tongue on one side and the lips and cheeks on the other side
Correction can occur by improve the soft tissue environment surrounding the dentition
Incorporating oral screens or shields constructed in wires or acrylic as part of appliance
2- Muscles of mastication:
Forward positioning the mandible results in stretch and alteration in the activity of muscles of mastication, particularly involved in elevation and retraction of mandible
The force transmitted to the dentition via the appliance
electo-myographic studies shown hyperactivity of the lateral pterygoid on protrusion of the mandible ( Mac-Namara 1973)
3- Dentition and occlusion:
Forward position of mandible also generate an inter-maxillary force directed between the maxillary and mandibular dentition
= class II component force aid in reduction of overjet by tipping of teeth
= change in mandibular position also associate with change in the vertical dimension, that facilitate eruption of buccal teeth
= this eruption can be controlled by capping of the teeth in buccal segment
4- Jaw skeleton;
The force affects the bone -------- remodeling
The force affects the condyle ------- growth changes
a- Additional over growth of the mandible
b- Accelerate growth of the mandible
c- Change the direction of growth
d- Restricted growth of maxilla
e- Change the position of condyle and glenoid fossa
= studies of functional appliance like Herbest shown forward movement in the glenoid fossa through bony remodeling. The overall treatment time is usually in the region of 9 to 12 months depending on the size of initial overjet, the average overjet reduction is approximately 1mm / year
Classification:
1- Myotonic: depend on the muscle mass for their action, large mandibular opening 8 – 10 mm worked by passive muscle stretch as Harvold
2- Myodynamic: depend on muscle activity for their function, median mandibular opening > 5mm
Work by stimul
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The soft tissues along the junction of hard and soft palate on which pressure within the physiological limits of tissues can be applied by the denture to aid in retention of the denture.
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Leader in continuing dental education
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
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Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
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The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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8. Perioral muscles had restraining effect on
dental arches
Insertion of appliance –expands capsule and
allows for new functional adaptation of
muscles
Activator – ‘ push from within’
FR – ‘ought to be matrix’
All activities of oral cavity – muscle training
FRANKEL’S
PHILOSOPHY
9. FRANKEL’S
PHILOSOPHY
Buccal shields and lip pads exert
periosteal pull
exp not verified this effect
Graber (1988) exp- on primates
showed that this effect is temporary
10. FRANKEL’S
PHILOSOPHY
The mechanical effect of the appliance
directed to the capsular matrix and not
to teeth / alveolar process.
MOYERS
‘altering the condition that determine the pattern of
occlusal development rather than altering the
occlusion directly.’
27. Upper lingual wire
Runs b/w canine
and lateral
Stabilizing effect
Prevents lingual
tipping of anteriors
in div 2 cases
corrected in pre fr
phase
28. Upper lingual wire
Preferred in
class2 div 2 with
horizontal
growth pattern
Bite opening
action similar
anterior bite
plane/activator
Bite opening
effect also due
to buccal
shields
30. Buccal shields in FR 3
Stand away from
maxilla but not
from mandible
31. Lip pads in FR 3
Larger in size
Stands away from
alveolar process
Expansion of
capsule and
correction of
postural imbalance
32. Palatal bow and
occlusal rests
Palatal bow not
lodged
interdentally
Additional
occlusal rest on
lower molar in
deep bite
33. Upper lingual wire and
lower labial bow
Upper wire not
touch the anteriors
but can be
activated to
protrude incisors
Lower labial bow
must touch the
incisors
42. Preparation of the casts
wax relief:
Maximum
thickness of wax
padding under
buccal shield
Wax padding under the
buccal shield to allow for
dentoalveolar expansion
56. Timing of treatment
7-8 ½ years
Best therapeutic effect when
mandibular lateral incisors erupt
Class2 div I with mandibular retrusion-
males till a 15-16 years
Not start during circum pubertal growth
period /late mixed dentition.
60. Initial phase
Wearing the appliance
Success of treatment – lip seal
Emphasis on lip exercises
Duration of wear
Ist week – 1-3 hrs in afternoon only
2nd
week – 4-6 hrs
3 – 4 months – full time wear
61. Active phase
Check after every 4 weeks
Mucosal irritation
Stability of appliance
Impingement of cross over wires
Appliance adjustments
Canine loop -occlusally
Molar rests – gingivally
63. Active phase
After 3 months of full time wear
Check
Expansion
Overjet
Overbite
molar relationship-(6-8 months)
Leveling of curve of spee
Decrease in mentalis activity
64. Retentive phase
Different from fixed appliances
Labial and lingual wires can hold altered tooth
positions
Used as retainer in pts where the training
effect not satisfactory
Fixed treatment may be required
2 hrs in afternoon
6 hrs in night
Only night – i year
6 months
65. FR in treatment of
class II
Mandible displaced anteriorly- retractor
muscle force –600gms
Activator-force transmitted to single teeth
Bjork : rapid reaction in the dental system
TMJ unaffected
Major dental changes – Proclination of lower
incisors
66. FR in treatment of
class II
Activator treatment
before after
67. FR in treatment of
class II
Mode of action of
activator in the
treatment of
mandibular
retrusion
68. FR in treatment of
class II
Suspending muscles relax during sleep
Mandible drops inferiorly and backwards
Proclination of lower anteriors
2-3mm advancement
initial afternoon wear
69. FR in treatment of
class II
Post –sup
elongation of
condyle
Remodeling at
ramal-corpus
junction- elongation
of corpus
71. FR in the treatment of
class 2
Mandibular retrusion to be overcome by
Expanding the oral space
Suspending muscles of mandible
provide dynamic force
Correct immature patterns b/w
protractors and retractors
Keep mandible forward but not
mechanically
72. FR in the treatment of
class 2
Change in position brought by lingual
shields
Initial bite 2-3 mm
Advancement in small steps for biologic
reasons.
73. FR in the treatment of
class 2
Step by step advancement by splitting the
buccal shields
Suspending muscles are not overstrained
Activator –extreme alteration of mandibular
position –occlusal instability & TMD
FR advancement in steps stability in post
retention periods
74. FR in the treatment of
class 3
Characterized by diminished
volume of the superior part of
the oro-facial capsule
Related to structural and
postural imbalance of
muscles
Lingual volume not to be
diminished
75. FR in the treatment of
class 3
Expansion of
upper oral
space
Tongue
space not
diminished
76. FR in the treatment
of class 3
Septo premaxillary ligament pull
translates upper incisors bodily
FR3 promotes max basal bone
development and translates maxilla
forward
Appliance should not be locked in the
maxilla by wires
77. FR in the treatment of
skeletal open bites
Aimed at correcting the
poor lip valve
mechanism.
Marked activity of
temporalis and
masseter when lips are
closed
Acc to Frankel tongue
thrust is compensatory
79. Modifications of FR
appliance
1. Capped frankel appliance-OTTON et al
1992
2. Modified functional regulator for VME
-Owen1985
3. Change in the angulation of cross over wire
–Chate 1986
4. Hybrid appliance –activator –FR
combination -1986
5. KINGSTON modified buccal shields
6. Fr with continuous buccolabial shield and
palatal acrylic support – Haynes 1986
84. Change in the angulation
of cross over wire
Difficulty in establishing normal lip functions
85. Change in the angulation
of cross over wire
In cases with
step
advancement
FR to be
constructed so
that it be
parallel to the
downward and
forward
repositioning of
the mandible
86. Modified FR for VME
Posterior part of maxilla –important for
vertical growth control
½ -1/3 mm posterior eruption increases
AFH by 1mm.
Molars intruded chin translated forward
improving profile
87. Modified FR for VME
Modified FR for VME
by adding posterior
bite blocks
Added head gear
tubes
88. Modified FR for VME
25 pts av age 7 yrs 3 months,bite 3-4
mm assessed after 19 months
U1 retracted
No proclination of L1
Horizontal movement of the chin
AFH decreased
Gumminess of smile reduced
89. HYBRID FUNCTIONAL
APPLIANCE (fr and
activator combination)
Hybrid appliances are those that are
specifically and individually tailored to
exploit the natural process of growth
and development
1. Bite planes
2. Shields and screens
3. Construction and working bite
93. Modified Fr with continuous
buccolabial shield and palatal
acrylic support- haynes ajo 1986
To eliminate lip
trap
No pressure on
the gingival
dentoalveolar
tissues
95. N.R.E Robertson AJO 1983
12 cases with FR2 and FR3 using cephs
and conclude the principle changes were
dentoalveolar
MC NAMARA AJO 1984
3 adult patients with class 2 malocclusion
with mandibular retrusion
Length of mandible not increased but
vertical dimensions increased
Adaptation minimal not sufficient to
overcome malocclusion
96. FACIAL GROWTH DURING
TREATMENT WITH FR APPLIANCE
Leth Nielsen AJO 1984
10 pts treated with FR showed maxilla
retrognatic
No indication that mandibular growth was
promoted
Changes more in vertical plane
Not necessarily improved the profile
97. Skeletal and dental changes
following FR therapy on class II
patients
MC NAMARA AJO 1985
100 pts treated for 24 months and
compared with controls
No change in maxilla
If considered pt A then slight retrusion
of maxilla
U6 forward movement reduced but not
vertical
L6 vertical movement
98. Skeletal and dental changes
following FR therapy on class II
patients
MC NAMARA AJO 1985
U1 tipped posteriorly
some tipping of L1
Downward movement of mandible
noticed
Some forward movement noticed in
some pts
99. The effect of FR 4 in class 1 skeletal
anterior open bite
ELIT ERBAY AJO 1995
20 treated and 20 controls
Useful in treatment
Diminished AFH ,growth rate of AFH (3.9
mm)decreased ,& PFH increased (4.5 mm).
Caused forward and upward rotation of
mandible
Reduction in mandibular plane angles i.e Sn-
GoMe,AnsPns-GoMe
100. Frankel-post vestibular shields caused
inferior translation of mandible,growth at
condyle increase in ramal length
Anterior part of mandible rotated upward
because of the lip seal
Erbay’s study noted FR inhibited
posteriors and improved the axial
inclination of U1
102. FR Vs twin block
toth/mc namara AJO 1999
4O PTS WITH TWIN BLOCK AND FR COMPARED
TO CONTROLS
Results
Increase in mandibular length
Twin block – 3mm > controls
FR – 1.9MM
Vertical dimension & dentoalveolar changes TB > FR
TB -mandibular skeletal & dentoalveolar changes
FR – more skeletal and less dentoalveolar
103. FR Vs herbst appliance
mc namara ,howe ajo 1990
45 herbst and 41 FR pts compared with controls
Results
Both appliance – no effect on maxilla
herbst – prevented vertical eruption and caused
posterior movement of u6
U1 lingual tipping- both
Lower proclination L1 – herbst > FR
mandibular length
Control - 2.1mm/yr
Herbst - 4.8mm
FR – 4.3mm
104. FR Vs fixed
mechanotherapy
CREEKMORE,RADNEY AJO 1983
FR compared to edgewise with headgear
Edgewise had greater retractive force on
maxilla
Retraction of u1 > FR
Retraction of L1
Backward growth of condyle But 1.2mm < FR
Pog forward 1mm< FR
105. Fr therapy in cleft palate
patients
keere,welch ajo 1981
9 pts treated with Fr for 6-18 months
To treat collapsed maxilla and cross
bite
Results
Not clinically useful in cleft patients