Framework of Government of Pakistan.
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The government of Pakistan has three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The legislative branch is made up of a Senate and National Assembly. The Senate equally represents each province while the National Assembly checks the government and ensures it respects citizens' rights. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court and includes high courts and lower courts. The executive branch is led by a ceremonial President and real power lies with the Prime Minister who is elected by the National Assembly and appoints ministers. These three branches work within the framework defined by the constitution and acts of Parliament.
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Constitution of 1956
The 1956 Constitution of Pakistan:
- Established Pakistan as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and included the Objectives Resolution as the preamble.
- Adopted a federal parliamentary system that divided powers between the central and provincial governments.
- Implemented a unicameral legislature called the National Assembly with 300 members equally representing East and West Pakistan.
- Established an independent judiciary headed by a Supreme Court and Chief Justice.
- Designated the President as the head of state who could declare emergencies and appoint high-level officials.
- Named the Prime Minister as the head of government who was indirectly elected and nominated the cabinet.
Causes of fall of dhaka
The document summarizes the key causes that led to the separation of East Pakistan and the fall of Dhaka in 1971. The main causes included Hindu influence in the economy, the failure of Muslim League leadership to address East Pakistani concerns, delays in the constitution process that increased tensions, the imposition of a centralized presidential system instead of a more autonomous federal structure, Sheikh Mujeeb's six point agenda that demanded more autonomy, and the power struggle between Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Sheikh Mujeeb which exacerbated tensions and weakened Pakistan politically. International factors like Soviet support for India and the war between India and Pakistan also contributed to the separation of East Pakistan.
causes of delay of constitution of pakistan
- The document summarizes the constitutional development of Pakistan after independence, including the passage of the Objective Resolution in 1949 which established Pakistan as an Islamic democratic republic.
- It discusses the reports of the Basic Principles Committee in 1950 and 1952, which outlined proposals for the federal structure and division of powers between central and provincial governments.
- The reports faced criticism for not sufficiently establishing Pakistan as an Islamic state or protecting the rights of minorities and the disadvantaged. This led to revisions in the second report of 1952 to better incorporate Islamic principles.
Constitutions and political crisis in pakistan (1947-2014)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1947-56)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1957-72)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1973-88)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1989-2000)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan(2001-2014)
Constitution of pakistan 1956 qudrat ullah yaqubi
The 1956 Constitution of Pakistan established an Islamic Republic with a federal parliamentary system. It divided powers between the central and provincial governments. The unicameral legislature consisted of a 300-member National Assembly with equal representation from East and West Pakistan. The constitution established an independent judiciary headed by a Supreme Court. It also outlined the roles of the President as head of state and the Prime Minister as head of the elected parliamentary government. The constitution protected fundamental rights and established that laws must be consistent with Islamic principles.
The functions of government in pakistan
The Government of Pakistan is a central i.e. Federal government that is established under the constitution of Pakistan. Under the constitution of Pakistan a federal government represents the authority of four provinces and conventional parliamentary democratic state, which is collectively called as the State of Pakistan.
Judicial Court System of Pakistan
The judicial court system of Pakistan consists of multiple levels of courts with differing jurisdictions. At the federal level, there are three levels of courts - district courts which exist in every province, high courts that have appellate authority over lower courts, and the supreme court which has exclusive jurisdiction over disputes between provinces and appellate jurisdiction over high court decisions. Additionally, family courts have exclusive authority over personal status cases and appeals go to the high court. A federal shariat court was also established in 1980 to examine if any laws conflict with Islamic principles as laid out in the Quran and Sunnah.
Parliamentary system
Parliamentary government has two main parts: the executive and the legislature. The executive, usually headed by a prime minister, is accountable to the legislature. Cabinet members are selected from the legislature and work as a team, with the prime minister defining policies and preparing the government agenda. This system aims to ensure coordination between political parties and accountability of the government to the public through the legislature. However, some drawbacks can include instability of coalition governments and a focus on party politics over merit-based decisions.
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Constitution of 1956
The 1956 Constitution of Pakistan:
- Established Pakistan as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and included the Objectives Resolution as the preamble.
- Adopted a federal parliamentary system that divided powers between the central and provincial governments.
- Implemented a unicameral legislature called the National Assembly with 300 members equally representing East and West Pakistan.
- Established an independent judiciary headed by a Supreme Court and Chief Justice.
- Designated the President as the head of state who could declare emergencies and appoint high-level officials.
- Named the Prime Minister as the head of government who was indirectly elected and nominated the cabinet.
Causes of fall of dhaka
The document summarizes the key causes that led to the separation of East Pakistan and the fall of Dhaka in 1971. The main causes included Hindu influence in the economy, the failure of Muslim League leadership to address East Pakistani concerns, delays in the constitution process that increased tensions, the imposition of a centralized presidential system instead of a more autonomous federal structure, Sheikh Mujeeb's six point agenda that demanded more autonomy, and the power struggle between Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Sheikh Mujeeb which exacerbated tensions and weakened Pakistan politically. International factors like Soviet support for India and the war between India and Pakistan also contributed to the separation of East Pakistan.
causes of delay of constitution of pakistan
- The document summarizes the constitutional development of Pakistan after independence, including the passage of the Objective Resolution in 1949 which established Pakistan as an Islamic democratic republic.
- It discusses the reports of the Basic Principles Committee in 1950 and 1952, which outlined proposals for the federal structure and division of powers between central and provincial governments.
- The reports faced criticism for not sufficiently establishing Pakistan as an Islamic state or protecting the rights of minorities and the disadvantaged. This led to revisions in the second report of 1952 to better incorporate Islamic principles.
Constitutions and political crisis in pakistan (1947-2014)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1947-56)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1957-72)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1973-88)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1989-2000)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan(2001-2014)
Constitution of pakistan 1956 qudrat ullah yaqubi
The 1956 Constitution of Pakistan established an Islamic Republic with a federal parliamentary system. It divided powers between the central and provincial governments. The unicameral legislature consisted of a 300-member National Assembly with equal representation from East and West Pakistan. The constitution established an independent judiciary headed by a Supreme Court. It also outlined the roles of the President as head of state and the Prime Minister as head of the elected parliamentary government. The constitution protected fundamental rights and established that laws must be consistent with Islamic principles.
The functions of government in pakistan
The Government of Pakistan is a central i.e. Federal government that is established under the constitution of Pakistan. Under the constitution of Pakistan a federal government represents the authority of four provinces and conventional parliamentary democratic state, which is collectively called as the State of Pakistan.
Judicial Court System of Pakistan
The judicial court system of Pakistan consists of multiple levels of courts with differing jurisdictions. At the federal level, there are three levels of courts - district courts which exist in every province, high courts that have appellate authority over lower courts, and the supreme court which has exclusive jurisdiction over disputes between provinces and appellate jurisdiction over high court decisions. Additionally, family courts have exclusive authority over personal status cases and appeals go to the high court. A federal shariat court was also established in 1980 to examine if any laws conflict with Islamic principles as laid out in the Quran and Sunnah.
Parliamentary system
Parliamentary government has two main parts: the executive and the legislature. The executive, usually headed by a prime minister, is accountable to the legislature. Cabinet members are selected from the legislature and work as a team, with the prime minister defining policies and preparing the government agenda. This system aims to ensure coordination between political parties and accountability of the government to the public through the legislature. However, some drawbacks can include instability of coalition governments and a focus on party politics over merit-based decisions.
Constitution of 1956
The constitution of 1956 was adopted on March 23, 1956, establishing Pakistan as an Islamic Republic. It consisted of 234 articles divided into 13 parts and 6 schedules. Key aspects included declaring Pakistan an Islamic state where only Muslims could be president, a federal parliamentary system with federal, provincial, and concurrent lists of powers, and a unicameral National Assembly with 300 members elected through direct adult franchise. However, it was never fully implemented as no elections were held under it before it was abrogated under martial law in 1958.
The functions of government executive branch
The Executive branch of the Pakistani government is responsible for the daily management and administration of the country. It is headed by the Prime Minister, who is elected by the National Assembly and appoints the cabinet and senior government officials. The President is the ceremonial head of state and is elected by an Electoral College for a five-year term. Key roles of the Executive branch include overseeing provinces and institutions through governors and appointments, commanding the armed forces, and enacting policies through the Cabinet and departments.
Federalism in Pakistan
1) Federalism in Pakistan has been unstable since its establishment due to an uneven distribution of powers between the central and provincial governments and periods of military rule that suspended the constitution.
2) The central government maintained a dominant role over the provinces against the spirit of federalism. It frequently intervened in provincial matters and dismissed provincial governments, weakening the provinces.
3) Military rule for nearly 25 years also disrupted democracy and federalism, with authoritarian central governments weakening provincial representation and participation. Consistent democracy is needed to stabilize federalism in Pakistan.
7 constitution of 1973
The 1973 Constitution of Pakistan established a democratic system of government with Islamic principles. It created a parliamentary federal republic with a bicameral legislature. Some key features included declaring Islam the state religion, establishing direct elections, ensuring fundamental rights and rule of law, and making Urdu the national language while retaining English for official use. The Constitution aimed to strengthen Pakistan's Islamic identity and democratic institutions.
The constitution of pakistan
The document discusses the Constitution of Pakistan from 1973. It establishes Pakistan as an Islamic republic based on principles of the Quran and Sunnah. The constitution provides for fundamental rights, a parliamentary democracy, and an independent judiciary. It introduced a federal system with power shared between provincial and central governments. However, the constitution has faced instability with multiple amendments and suspensions over the years.
Government systems of pakistan
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the world’s sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212,742,631 people. In area, it is the 33rd-largest country, spanning 881,913 square kilometres.
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This Slides shows the political structure of Pakistan and Hurdles towards in towards Pakistani structure
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The document summarizes the key features of Pakistan's 1973 constitution. It established Pakistan as an Islamic republic with Islam as the state religion. It introduced a parliamentary system of government with a bicameral legislature consisting of the National Assembly and Senate. It established the office of the President as the ceremonial head of state and Prime Minister as the functional head of government. It outlined fundamental rights and distributed legislative powers between the federal and provincial governments.
Constitution of 1956
The Constitution of 1956 was drafted after Pakistan became a republic and consisted of 234 articles divided into 13 parts. It declared Pakistan an Islamic republic with Islam as the state religion. A federal parliamentary system of government was established with a unicameral National Assembly. However, the constitution was opposed by Bengali autonomists and the Awami League, and elections were never held. Martial law was imposed in 1958, abrogating the constitution.
1956 constitution of Pakistan
The 1956 Constitution of Pakistan was the first constitution of the country. It was a lengthy written document with 234 articles and 6 schedules. It established Pakistan as an Islamic republic with the objective resolution incorporated in the preamble. It adopted a parliamentary form of government with a unicameral National Assembly. Executive power was vested in a ceremonial president while the prime minister was head of government. The constitution aimed to balance central and provincial powers through legislative lists while ensuring independence of the judiciary and inclusion of directive principles.
State of pakistan
The document proposes restructuring the branches and organizations of the Pakistani federal government to improve efficiency by clearly defining roles and responsibilities. It recommends reducing the number of ministries and organizations by privatizing some, transferring others to provincial control, merging duplicative entities, and liquidating unnecessary ones. The goal is to establish a tighter governance structure with 228 executive departments and autonomous bodies accountable for results.
Constitutions of pakistan
The document compares the constitutions of Pakistan from 1956, 1962, and 1973. It outlines the key features of each constitution, including:
- The 1956 constitution introduced a parliamentary system of government, while the 1962 constitution established a presidential system. The 1973 constitution returned to a parliamentary system.
- The 1973 constitution included more Islamic provisions like establishing the Council of Islamic Ideology and requiring the Prime Minister and President to be Muslim.
- The constitutions differed in the division of executive and legislative powers between the president and prime minister, and how elections were conducted.
- The 1973 constitution aimed to better protect fundamental rights and ensure governance in line with Islamic principles and values.
1956 constitution of Pakistan
The document provides background on the constitutional development of Pakistan since its creation in 1947. It discusses some of the challenges Pakistan faced in framing its constitution as a newly independent nation. It outlines some of the key measures taken by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Liaquat Ali Khan to address the issue, including appointing the first constituent assembly and passing the Objectives Resolution in 1949. The document then discusses the various committees and proposals that were made to resolve constitutional issues, including debates around representation of East and West Pakistan. It concludes with details about the passage of the 1956 Constitution of Pakistan.
Constitutional development of pakistan since 1947 to thereayf
1) Pakistan faced many difficulties after its creation in 1947, including framing a comprehensive constitution. Quaid-e-Azam began this process but had to delay due to other issues.
2) The first constituent assembly passed the Objectives Resolution in 1949, outlining Pakistan as a democratic Islamic republic.
3) Pakistan's first constitution was passed in 1956, establishing a parliamentary republic. However, it was abrogated in 1958 after just two years.
4) Subsequent constitutions were passed in 1962 and 1973, with the latter establishing the current parliamentary system of government. It has since undergone several amendments.
Parliamentary v presendtial gov
This document provides information on parliamentary and presidential forms of government. It discusses key features of parliamentary government including collective ministerial responsibility, political homogeneity among ruling parties, and harmony between the executive and legislature. Advantages include cooperation between branches of government and flexibility to change leadership. Disadvantages are the potential for cabinet dictatorship and short-lived coalition governments. The document also outlines characteristics of the presidential system such as separation of powers between branches and an independently elected executive. India is provided as an example of a country that follows the parliamentary model.
East pakistan crises
The document summarizes the key political factors that led to East Pakistan's separation from West Pakistan in 1971, resulting in the formation of Bangladesh. It discusses how the failure of Pakistan's political leadership and institutions to properly manage regional political parties weakened national unity. Specifically, it notes that the Muslim League declined as a national party, allowing regional parties like the Awami League in East Pakistan to gain strength. It also examines issues like the language dispute, economic disparities, the impact of martial laws, and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's six point demands, all of which increased Bengali nationalist sentiment. Ultimately, the political leadership was unable to address these centrifugal forces, leading to East Pakistan declaring independence.
Constitutional amendments , islamic provision and emergency provisions
The document discusses constitutional amendments and emergency provisions in the Constitution of Pakistan 1973. It provides details on over 20 constitutional amendments that have been passed since 1973 related to various topics like declaring Ahmadis non-Muslims, extending preventive detention, imposing import taxes, and more. It also outlines the process for passing amendments and Pakistan's emergency provisions that allow the government to issue proclamations during threats of war or internal disturbances.
Bureaucracy in Pakistan
This document discusses bureaucracy in Pakistan. It defines bureaucracy as a system of government run by state officials rather than elected representatives. There are five main types of bureaucracy in Pakistan: cabinet departments, independent executive agencies, independent regulatory agencies, government corporations, and presidential commissions. The document provides examples of each type and discusses the roles and characteristics of the Pakistani bureaucracy, including implementing policies, administration, and regulation. It gives brief biographies of two prominent Pakistani bureaucrats as examples.
Constitutional development in pakistan 1973
The document summarizes key features of Pakistan's 1973 constitution. It notes that the 1973 constitution introduced several new elements, including being a written document, making the Objectives Resolution a substantive part of the constitution, ensuring an Islamic system, and being relatively difficult to amend. It established a federal parliamentary system with a bicameral legislature, direct elections, fundamental rights for citizens, an independent judiciary, and authorization for referendums. The conclusion states it also aimed to protect and promote Islamic ideology like previous constitutions.
Constitution of 1973
The 1973 constitution of Pakistan was adopted on April 12, 1973. It is the supreme law of Pakistan and replaces previous basic laws. Some key features include: it establishes a federal parliamentary democratic republic, with Islam as the state religion and Urdu and English as official languages. The constitution provides for direct elections, an independent judiciary, and fundamental rights for citizens. It can only be amended by a two-thirds majority vote in the bicameral parliament.
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The document summarizes the parliamentary system of government in Pakistan. It describes that Pakistan has a bicameral parliamentary system consisting of the National Assembly and Senate. The National Assembly is the lower house with 342 members who are directly elected for 5-year terms. The Senate has 100 members representing the four provinces who are elected for 6-year terms. Together they form the Parliament of Pakistan and exercise legislative powers along with certain oversight functions of the executive branch.
Structure of pakistani goverment
The Pakistani government has three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch is called the Parliament which consists of the 342-member National Assembly and 100-member Senate. The executive branch is headed by the Prime Minister who is elected by the National Assembly. The Prime Minister appoints the cabinet and oversees government departments. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court and includes high courts and subordinate courts.
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Constitution of 1956
The constitution of 1956 was adopted on March 23, 1956, establishing Pakistan as an Islamic Republic. It consisted of 234 articles divided into 13 parts and 6 schedules. Key aspects included declaring Pakistan an Islamic state where only Muslims could be president, a federal parliamentary system with federal, provincial, and concurrent lists of powers, and a unicameral National Assembly with 300 members elected through direct adult franchise. However, it was never fully implemented as no elections were held under it before it was abrogated under martial law in 1958.
The functions of government executive branch
The Executive branch of the Pakistani government is responsible for the daily management and administration of the country. It is headed by the Prime Minister, who is elected by the National Assembly and appoints the cabinet and senior government officials. The President is the ceremonial head of state and is elected by an Electoral College for a five-year term. Key roles of the Executive branch include overseeing provinces and institutions through governors and appointments, commanding the armed forces, and enacting policies through the Cabinet and departments.
Federalism in Pakistan
1) Federalism in Pakistan has been unstable since its establishment due to an uneven distribution of powers between the central and provincial governments and periods of military rule that suspended the constitution.
2) The central government maintained a dominant role over the provinces against the spirit of federalism. It frequently intervened in provincial matters and dismissed provincial governments, weakening the provinces.
3) Military rule for nearly 25 years also disrupted democracy and federalism, with authoritarian central governments weakening provincial representation and participation. Consistent democracy is needed to stabilize federalism in Pakistan.
7 constitution of 1973
The 1973 Constitution of Pakistan established a democratic system of government with Islamic principles. It created a parliamentary federal republic with a bicameral legislature. Some key features included declaring Islam the state religion, establishing direct elections, ensuring fundamental rights and rule of law, and making Urdu the national language while retaining English for official use. The Constitution aimed to strengthen Pakistan's Islamic identity and democratic institutions.
The constitution of pakistan
The document discusses the Constitution of Pakistan from 1973. It establishes Pakistan as an Islamic republic based on principles of the Quran and Sunnah. The constitution provides for fundamental rights, a parliamentary democracy, and an independent judiciary. It introduced a federal system with power shared between provincial and central governments. However, the constitution has faced instability with multiple amendments and suspensions over the years.
Government systems of pakistan
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the world’s sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212,742,631 people. In area, it is the 33rd-largest country, spanning 881,913 square kilometres.
Political Structure of Pakistan
This Slides shows the political structure of Pakistan and Hurdles towards in towards Pakistani structure
Salient feature of the constitution of 1973
The document summarizes the key features of Pakistan's 1973 constitution. It established Pakistan as an Islamic republic with Islam as the state religion. It introduced a parliamentary system of government with a bicameral legislature consisting of the National Assembly and Senate. It established the office of the President as the ceremonial head of state and Prime Minister as the functional head of government. It outlined fundamental rights and distributed legislative powers between the federal and provincial governments.
Constitution of 1956
The Constitution of 1956 was drafted after Pakistan became a republic and consisted of 234 articles divided into 13 parts. It declared Pakistan an Islamic republic with Islam as the state religion. A federal parliamentary system of government was established with a unicameral National Assembly. However, the constitution was opposed by Bengali autonomists and the Awami League, and elections were never held. Martial law was imposed in 1958, abrogating the constitution.
1956 constitution of Pakistan
The 1956 Constitution of Pakistan was the first constitution of the country. It was a lengthy written document with 234 articles and 6 schedules. It established Pakistan as an Islamic republic with the objective resolution incorporated in the preamble. It adopted a parliamentary form of government with a unicameral National Assembly. Executive power was vested in a ceremonial president while the prime minister was head of government. The constitution aimed to balance central and provincial powers through legislative lists while ensuring independence of the judiciary and inclusion of directive principles.
State of pakistan
The document proposes restructuring the branches and organizations of the Pakistani federal government to improve efficiency by clearly defining roles and responsibilities. It recommends reducing the number of ministries and organizations by privatizing some, transferring others to provincial control, merging duplicative entities, and liquidating unnecessary ones. The goal is to establish a tighter governance structure with 228 executive departments and autonomous bodies accountable for results.
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The document compares the constitutions of Pakistan from 1956, 1962, and 1973. It outlines the key features of each constitution, including:
- The 1956 constitution introduced a parliamentary system of government, while the 1962 constitution established a presidential system. The 1973 constitution returned to a parliamentary system.
- The 1973 constitution included more Islamic provisions like establishing the Council of Islamic Ideology and requiring the Prime Minister and President to be Muslim.
- The constitutions differed in the division of executive and legislative powers between the president and prime minister, and how elections were conducted.
- The 1973 constitution aimed to better protect fundamental rights and ensure governance in line with Islamic principles and values.
1956 constitution of Pakistan
The document provides background on the constitutional development of Pakistan since its creation in 1947. It discusses some of the challenges Pakistan faced in framing its constitution as a newly independent nation. It outlines some of the key measures taken by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Liaquat Ali Khan to address the issue, including appointing the first constituent assembly and passing the Objectives Resolution in 1949. The document then discusses the various committees and proposals that were made to resolve constitutional issues, including debates around representation of East and West Pakistan. It concludes with details about the passage of the 1956 Constitution of Pakistan.
Constitutional development of pakistan since 1947 to thereayf
1) Pakistan faced many difficulties after its creation in 1947, including framing a comprehensive constitution. Quaid-e-Azam began this process but had to delay due to other issues.
2) The first constituent assembly passed the Objectives Resolution in 1949, outlining Pakistan as a democratic Islamic republic.
3) Pakistan's first constitution was passed in 1956, establishing a parliamentary republic. However, it was abrogated in 1958 after just two years.
4) Subsequent constitutions were passed in 1962 and 1973, with the latter establishing the current parliamentary system of government. It has since undergone several amendments.
Parliamentary v presendtial gov
This document provides information on parliamentary and presidential forms of government. It discusses key features of parliamentary government including collective ministerial responsibility, political homogeneity among ruling parties, and harmony between the executive and legislature. Advantages include cooperation between branches of government and flexibility to change leadership. Disadvantages are the potential for cabinet dictatorship and short-lived coalition governments. The document also outlines characteristics of the presidential system such as separation of powers between branches and an independently elected executive. India is provided as an example of a country that follows the parliamentary model.
East pakistan crises
The document summarizes the key political factors that led to East Pakistan's separation from West Pakistan in 1971, resulting in the formation of Bangladesh. It discusses how the failure of Pakistan's political leadership and institutions to properly manage regional political parties weakened national unity. Specifically, it notes that the Muslim League declined as a national party, allowing regional parties like the Awami League in East Pakistan to gain strength. It also examines issues like the language dispute, economic disparities, the impact of martial laws, and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's six point demands, all of which increased Bengali nationalist sentiment. Ultimately, the political leadership was unable to address these centrifugal forces, leading to East Pakistan declaring independence.
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The document discusses constitutional amendments and emergency provisions in the Constitution of Pakistan 1973. It provides details on over 20 constitutional amendments that have been passed since 1973 related to various topics like declaring Ahmadis non-Muslims, extending preventive detention, imposing import taxes, and more. It also outlines the process for passing amendments and Pakistan's emergency provisions that allow the government to issue proclamations during threats of war or internal disturbances.
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This document discusses bureaucracy in Pakistan. It defines bureaucracy as a system of government run by state officials rather than elected representatives. There are five main types of bureaucracy in Pakistan: cabinet departments, independent executive agencies, independent regulatory agencies, government corporations, and presidential commissions. The document provides examples of each type and discusses the roles and characteristics of the Pakistani bureaucracy, including implementing policies, administration, and regulation. It gives brief biographies of two prominent Pakistani bureaucrats as examples.
Constitutional development in pakistan 1973
The document summarizes key features of Pakistan's 1973 constitution. It notes that the 1973 constitution introduced several new elements, including being a written document, making the Objectives Resolution a substantive part of the constitution, ensuring an Islamic system, and being relatively difficult to amend. It established a federal parliamentary system with a bicameral legislature, direct elections, fundamental rights for citizens, an independent judiciary, and authorization for referendums. The conclusion states it also aimed to protect and promote Islamic ideology like previous constitutions.
Constitution of 1973
The 1973 constitution of Pakistan was adopted on April 12, 1973. It is the supreme law of Pakistan and replaces previous basic laws. Some key features include: it establishes a federal parliamentary democratic republic, with Islam as the state religion and Urdu and English as official languages. The constitution provides for direct elections, an independent judiciary, and fundamental rights for citizens. It can only be amended by a two-thirds majority vote in the bicameral parliament.
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Constitutional development of pakistan since 1947 to thereayf
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Parliamentary Government Presentation.pptx
The document summarizes the parliamentary system of government in Pakistan. It describes that Pakistan has a bicameral parliamentary system consisting of the National Assembly and Senate. The National Assembly is the lower house with 342 members who are directly elected for 5-year terms. The Senate has 100 members representing the four provinces who are elected for 6-year terms. Together they form the Parliament of Pakistan and exercise legislative powers along with certain oversight functions of the executive branch.
Structure of pakistani goverment
The Pakistani government has three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch is called the Parliament which consists of the 342-member National Assembly and 100-member Senate. The executive branch is headed by the Prime Minister who is elected by the National Assembly. The Prime Minister appoints the cabinet and oversees government departments. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court and includes high courts and subordinate courts.
Japan Government
The Japanese Governmental Structure
What type of Government does Japan have???
The Japanese government, a constitutional monarchy, is based on a parliamentary cabinet system.
Executive power is vested in the cabinet, which consists of the prime minister and not more than 17 ministers of state that collectively are responsible to the Diet.
Separation of Powers
The Constitution of Japan, which came into effect in 1947, is based on the principles of popular sovereignty, respect for fundamental human rights, and the advocacy of peace. Japan’s political system is one of constitutional democracy. In accordance with the principle of “separation of powers,” the activities of the national government are formally divided into legislative, judicial, and executive organs.
Separation of Powers
The emperor is “the symbol of the State and unity of the people.” The emperor appoints the prime minister and chief judge of the Supreme Court as designated by the Diet, and performs “only such acts in matters of state” as provided for in the constitution along with the advice and approval of the cabinet, such as promulgation of amendments of the constitution, laws, cabinet orders and treaties, convocation of the Diet, dissolution of the House of Representatives, and so forth.
Separation of Powers
The Constitution of Japan proclaims a system of representative democracy in which the Diet is “the highest organ of state power.”
Separation of Powers
It is formally specified that the Diet, as the core of Japan’s system of governance, takes precedence over the government’s executive branch. The designation of the prime minister, who heads the executive branch, is done by resolution of the Diet. Japan practices a system of parliamentary cabinet by which the prime minister appoints the majority of the cabinet members from among members of the Diet. The cabinet thus works in solidarity with the Diet and is responsible to it. In this respect, the system is similar to that of Great Britain, but different from that of the United States, where the three branches of government are theoretically on a level of perfect equality.
Separation of Powers
The National Diet, composed of two houses - the House of Representatives and the House of Councilors, is the highest organ of state power and the sole law-making organ of the State.
The House of Representatives may introduce “no-confidence motions” with respect to the cabinet. The cabinet, on the other hand, is able to dissolve the House of Representatives.
Separation of Powers
The National Diet also has the authority to designate the chief judge and appoint the other judges of the Supreme Court. It is the Supreme Court that determines the
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The Assembly passed the bill on 10th April, 1973 and at last the constitution came into force on 14th August 1973. The present constitution (1973) provides for the protection and preservation of Islamic Concept of life. It also attempts to propagate and implement the basic teachings of Islamhe Constitution of Pakistan (Urdu: آئینِ پاکستان ; ISO: Āīn-ē-Pākistān), also known as the 1973 Constitution, is the supreme law of Pakistan. The document guides Pakistan's law, political culture, and system. It sets out the state's outline, the fundamental rights of the population, the state's law and orders, and also the structure and establishment of the institutions and the armed forces.[2] Drafted by the government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, with additional assistance from the country's opposition parties, it was unanimously approved by the 5th Parliament on 10 April and ratified on 14 August 1973.[3][4] The first three chapters establish the rules, mandate, and separate powers of the three branches of the government: a bicameral legislature; an executive branch governed by the Prime Minister as chief executive; and an apex federal judiciary headed by Supreme Court.[4] The Constitution designates the President of Pakistan as a ceremonial Head of State who is to represent the unity of the state.[5] The first six articles of the constitution outline the political system as federal parliamentary republic system; as well as Islam as its state religion.[6] The Constitution also encapsulates provisions stipulating the legal system's compliance with Islamic injunctions contained in the Quran and Sunnah.[7]
The Parliament cannot make any laws which may be repugnant or contrary to the Constitution; however, the Constitution itself may be amended by a two-thirds majority in both the houses of the bicameral Parliament, unlike the previous legal documents of 1956 and 1962.[8] It has been amended over time, and most recent impulses for political upgrades and reforms has been amended. Although enforced in 1973, Pakistan, however, celebrates the adoption of the constitution on 23 March—when the first set was promulgated in 1956 each and every year as Republic Day.[9] Technically there are 26 amendments but 23 amendments were made in constitution and three were not passed by the parliament as the three amendments collapsed.
Currently the promulgated Constitution of Pakistan, in its amended form, stands as the 7th lengthiest constitution of the world with a word count of 56,240 Words.
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1) The executive branch is headed by the Prime Minister and includes the Cabinet and various ministries.
2) The legislative branch is made up of a two-house Parliament and state legislative assemblies.
3) The judiciary branch has a hierarchy of courts headed by the Federal Court.
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The document provides an overview of the American and Italian political systems. It describes how in the United States, power is separated into the legislative, executive, and judicial branches according to the Constitution. The President is both head of state and head of the executive branch. In Italy, the political system is based on representative democracy and separation of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The President represents national unity while the government executes laws passed by Parliament.
Federalism in Malaysia
The document outlines the Malaysian government system, which consists of a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. The constitution establishes three branches of government - the executive branch led by the Prime Minister, the legislative branch consisting of the Parliament and Senate, and the judicial branch headed by the Federal Court. Power is shared between the federal government and the 13 state governments. Local governments also exist at the subnational level with certain devolved powers.
Malaysian Legal System_2022.pdf
The document provides an overview of the Malaysian legal system, including the sources of Malaysian law and the organs of government. It discusses the various written and unwritten sources that make up Malaysian law, such as the Federal and State Constitutions, legislation, English common law, customs, and Islamic law. It also outlines the three branches of government - the executive, legislative, and judiciary - and their roles and relationships within the legal system. The legislative process is summarized as a bill progressing through first, second, and third readings in one of the houses of Parliament, before being sent to the other house for approval.
Organs of govt.
The document discusses the three organs of government in Bangladesh: the executive, legislative, and judiciary. The legislative organ is unicameral with 300 elected members who are responsible for lawmaking, budget control, and amending the constitution. The executive organ is headed by the prime minister and cabinet who execute laws and maintain order. The judiciary's highest body is the Supreme Court, whose chief justice and judges are appointed by the president on the prime minister's recommendation. The judiciary interprets laws, guards the constitution, decides cases, and protects civil rights.
LEGISLATURE, 11th Political science, CBSE
This document provides information about the legislature and parliament in India. It discusses why India needs a parliament and two houses of parliament. It describes the roles and composition of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. It outlines the key functions of parliament, including lawmaking, controlling the executive, financial oversight, representation, debate, and amending the constitution. It also explains how parliament makes laws through bills and how it controls the executive. Finally, it discusses the role of committees in the legislative process.
11th CBSE Political science, legislature project ppt.pdf
This document provides information about the legislature in India. It explains that India has a bicameral parliament consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is composed of representatives elected by citizens, while the Rajya Sabha consists of members elected by state assemblies. The document outlines the composition and roles of each house. It also describes the law-making process, how parliament oversees the executive branch, and the functions of parliamentary committees.
The right to information act
The Right to Information Act was passed in 2005 to provide citizens access to information from public authorities and promote transparency in governance. It recognized that while democracy requires transparency, revealing all information could conflict with other interests like national security or efficient governance. The Act aims to balance these conflicting interests by establishing procedures for citizens to request information from public bodies.
CHAPTER_1_MPU2332.pptx
Here are the key differences between written and unwritten constitutions as applied in Malaysia before and after independence:
Before independence:
- Unwritten constitution - The constitution was based on traditions and conventions rather than being formally codified in a single document. This was the case under British rule.
After independence:
- Written constitution - Malaysia adopted a written federal constitution on August 31, 1957 upon gaining independence. This made the constitution a formal, codified document that is the supreme law of the land.
Key differences:
- Written constitutions are fixed and more difficult to amend compared to unwritten ones. Any changes require following the formal amendment process.
- An unwritten constitution relies more on conventions and traditions that evolve
The federal constitution
The document discusses the Federal Constitution of Malaysia. It provides background information on the constitution's history and development. Some key points:
- The Federal Constitution is the supreme law of Malaysia and establishes the country as a constitutional monarchy.
- It outlines the structure of government and separation of powers between federal and state authorities.
- The constitution allocates legislative powers between the federal and state parliaments according to three lists - federal, state, and concurrent.
- It guarantees fundamental rights and liberties for Malaysian citizens and has been amended over time to reflect the country's evolving political landscape.
Constitution
The document provides an overview of key aspects of the Constitution of India such as its origins, structure, principles and provisions. It notes that the constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly and came into effect on January 26, 1950. It establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government. Key features summarized include fundamental rights and duties of citizens, an independent judiciary, universal adult suffrage, and special provisions for marginalized groups.
Introduction to the Study of Government and Constitution
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to government and the Philippine constitution. It defines a state as having four elements: people, territory, government, and sovereignty. It then describes the three branches of government in the Philippines - the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Finally, it summarizes the 1987 Philippine constitution, outlining its 18 articles that cover topics like citizenship, suffrage, national economy, social justice, and the process for amending the constitution.
Malaysian Legal System
Introduction to law and Malaysian Legal System.
Please kindly email to me at hidayahtul@tarc.edu.my or comment your email if you would like to have a copy of my slides. Thank you!
Copyright © 2020, Nur Hidayahtul Nabihah Binti Manas
Branches of government / Structure of Government in Pakistan
This presentation is an overview of the 3 main organs of the government in Pakistan:
Executive
Legislative
judicial branches
Similar to Framework of Government of Pakistan. (20)
lONG QUESTION ANSWER PAKISTAN STUDIES10.docxon friday.docx
lONG QUESTION ANSWER PAKISTAN STUDIES10.docxon friday.docx
11th CBSE Political science, legislature project ppt.pdf
11th CBSE Political science, legislature project ppt.pdf
Introduction to the Study of Government and Constitution
Introduction to the Study of Government and Constitution
Branches of government / Structure of Government in Pakistan
Branches of government / Structure of Government in Pakistan
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How Business Decisions Affects a Firm's Earning.
Management, marketing, and finance decisions all affect a firm's earnings. Management decisions involve how a product will be produced, who will produce it, and how employees will be motivated. Marketing decisions include how to market and sell a product, what advertising strategies to use, and what price to charge. Finance decisions cover how to finance the business, sources of funds, whether to obtain loans, and whether to invest in new projects.
CPA: Certified Public Accountant.
Certified Public Accountant (CPA) is a licensed professional who requires education, exam passage, and experience. To become licensed as a CPA, one must complete a minimum of 150 credit hours of college education, pass the Uniform CPA Exam consisting of four sections testing auditing, accounting, regulation, and business environment, and gain experience working under a CPA, typically one to two years depending on education level. Maintaining the CPA license also requires ongoing continuing education and adherence to ethical standards. CPAs support organizations and individuals by preparing tax forms, auditing financial records, and providing financial planning advice.
Social Skills.
1. The document discusses social skills and prosocial behaviors. It defines social skills as behaviors that enable effective social interactions and relationships.
2. Several factors that influence social skills are discussed, including environment, grouping, trust, and forming friendships. Common social skill categories include communication, cooperation, assertion, responsibility, empathy, engagement, and self-control.
3. Effective social skills training involves modeling, coaching, reinforcement, and teaching skills like listening, taking turns, and problem solving. Generalization of skills and monitoring progress are important parts of social skills instruction.
Social, Ethical and Legal Issues in Selling.
This document discusses several social, ethical, and legal issues related to selling. Some of the major issues identified are high pressure selling tactics that persuade unnecessary purchases, planned obsolescence where products are designed to go obsolete to drive more sales, and prioritizing high-income consumers over disadvantaged groups. Additionally, legal issues around competition, fair trade, environmental protection, and truth in advertising are important to consider within a country's commercial framework.
Inflation in Pakistan
This document discusses inflation, including its types, causes, measurement, and remedies. It defines inflation as a sustained increase in prices over time that reduces a currency's value. The three main types are demand-pull, cost-push, and hyperinflation. Causes include population growth, political instability, wages increases, and money supply expansion outpacing economic growth. Inflation is measured using the Consumer Price Index. Remedies include monetary and fiscal policies, increasing output, population control, and simplifying consumption.
Classification of Banks In Pakistan
This document classifies and describes different types of banks. It discusses banks classified by function into central banks, commercial banks, exchange banks, savings banks, and agricultural/industrial banks. Banks are also classified by ownership as public sector, private sector, and cooperative banks, and by domicile as domestic or foreign banks. Additionally, banks are classified as scheduled or non-scheduled based on regulations. The document also provides an overview of Islamic banking principles.
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如果您处于以下几种情况：
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Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.
The best available, up-to-date information on all fishing and related vessels that appear on the illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing vessel lists published by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and related organisations. The aim of the site is to improve the effectiveness of the original IUU lists as a tool for a wide variety of stakeholders to better understand and combat illegal fishing and broader fisheries crime.
To date, the following regional organisations maintain or share lists of vessels that have been found to carry out or support IUU fishing within their own or adjacent convention areas and/or species of competence:
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
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International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
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◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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AHMR volume 10 number 1 January-April 2024
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
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Framework of Government of Pakistan.
- 1. 1
- 2. FRAMEWORK OF GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN By Awais Ali Lakho Business Administration Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur 2
- 3. GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN 3 The Government in Pakistan is a federal government established by the Constitution. The government is mainly composed of 3 main branches the legislative, executive, and judicial branch, in which all powers are vested by the Constitution in the Parliament, the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court.
- 4. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN Branches of Federal Government Legislative Judicial Executive 4
- 5. 1. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH Legislative means having an authority to make law. Also known as lawmaking arm of government. The legislative branch of Pakistan is known as the parliament. The parliament has two houses: Upper House(Senate) and a Lower House(National Assembly). 5
- 6. 1. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 6 Parliament Senate (Upper House) National Assembly (Lower House)
- 7. 1. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH Senate • The Senate is responsible of making the parliamentary bills according to people needs and there population problems. • It also gives equal membership to all the federating units. National Assembly • The National Assembly keeps a check on the Government. • It ensures that the government functions within the parameters and does not violate the peoples rights. 7
- 8. DISTRIBUTION OF SEATS 8 • Senate • 104 Members. • 21 from each province. • 4 seats for women from each province. • 4 for minorities from each province. • 8 from FATA. • 4 from Federal Capital. • Members are elected indirectly. • National Assembly • 342 Members. • 272 General seats. • 60 for women. • 10 for minorities. • Members are elected directly by direct and free vote.
- 9. 2. JUDICIAL BRANCH Entrusts the superior courts with an obligation to “preserve, protect and defend” the Constitution. Also knows as Legal arm of the government . Consists of: Sharia Court/ Supreme Court High Court Subordinate Judiciary/ Session Court 9
- 11. 3. EXECUTIVE BRANCH The executive branch of government is the one that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state. Also known as Administrative arm of government. The President of Pakistan is a ceremonial figurehead, a ceremonial head of state representing the unity of the country. The Prime Minister is the chief executive head of government, elected by direct elections in the parliament, the Prime minister is responsible for appointing a cabinet as well as running the government operations. 11
- 12. FRAMEWORK The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts and amendments of the Parliament, including the creation of executive institutions, departments and courts inferior to the Supreme Court. By constitutional powers, the President promulgates ordinances and passes bills. The President acts as the ceremonial figurehead while the Prime Minister acts as the chief executive and is responsible for running the federal government. 12
- 14. THANK YOU 14 Gratitude is the Wine for Soul. Go on get Drunk. RUMI.