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Foundations of Data Analytics
- 1. Data Analysis Fundamentals/EduphoriaTutorial Dr. Michael G. Richards Director, Data & Accountability District Testing Coordinator
- 2. What is aRelational Database? • The invention of this database system has standardized the way that data is stored and processed. • A relational database consists of a collection of tables that store particular sets of data. • The concept of a relational database derives from the principles of relational algebra, developed by E. F. Codd in the 1970s. • Relational databases are built-in to software like EDUPHORIA, so the database is generally invisible to the user.
- 3. What Does OneDo With a Relational Database? 1. 2. Upload data Query
- 4. Querying 1. 2. Write code (SQL,R, SAS) Employ a Graphic User Interface (GUI)
- 5. Smart Querying • Knowyour research question well before pushing any buttons! • Think in terms of ROWS & COLUMNS column row
- 6. Just for fun… SQLterm Relational database term Description Row Tuple or record A data set representing a single item Attribute or field A labeled element of a tuple, e.g. "Address" or "Date of birth" Relation or Base relvar A set of tuples sharing the same attributes; a set of columns and rows Derived relvar Any set of tuples; a data report from the RDBMS in response to a query Column Table View or result set Eduphoria borrows its terminology from SQL
- 7. Shopping Analogy Choosing your mallis equivalent to choosing ROWS Filling your shopping cart is equivalent to choosing COLUMNS
- 8. ROW/COLUMN Quiz Q1. Thereis a teacher of 32 8th-grade math students and the teacher has just given a DA and wants to debrief with her students. She needs a quick read on how they did on each item. A1. ROWS: students; COLUMNS: test items Bonus: What will appear in the table cells? answer choice and disposition
- 9. Let’s Complicate Things(Slightly) • The BY function • It is hidden by the GUI in Eduphoria • Often used to create additional levels in either ROWS or COLUMNS • Ex: Scores: SE% correct BY ethnicity (extra level of COLUMNS) • Student scores BY teacher (could be extra level of ROWS)
- 10. ROW/COLUMN Quiz Q2. Iwant to know if the fifth graders did better this year on STAAR math than they did last year. A2. ROWS: students; COLUMNS: scores by test
- 11. Choosing ROWS throughthe Wizard • Not as apparent as choosing COLUMNS • You begin choosing ROWS as soon as you begin querying the database by narrowing down the data (driving to the mall) • “Select a Test” • “How do you want to view the results?” • “Select a timeframe” Note: almost always choose “Where students are now”
- 12. Choosing COLUMNS Throughthe Wizard Next
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- 14. Let’s Run the2 Quiz Questions in Eduphoria 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Using (on not using) the Wizard Color coding/heat mapping Data pivot Summary view options Graphing Editing Exporting
- 15. The 2 Questions •Q1. There is a teacher of 32 8th-grade math students and the teacher has just given a DA and wants to debrief with her students. She needs a quick read on how they did on each item. • Q2. I want to know if all 5th-graders did better this year on STAAR math than they did last year.
- 16. Exporting Data fromEduphoria • For distribution analysis • For inferential analysis
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- 18. Inferential Stats: Significance Signal Noise Significantdifference or relationship? α = 0.05
- 19. Difference in the5th Grade Math Performance?
- 20. We are only74% sure
- 21. FERPA • Do notsend emails with text or datasets (attached or otherwise) that contain information identifying students • All data analysis that leaves the campus or the district offices must be vetted through C&I
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