Unit 3 VCE Environmental Science: Area of Study 1 - Energy and Greenhouse gases. This presentation has some typical exam a review of some typical exam questions for this unit of work as well as a comparison of the Mortlake Gas fired power plant and the Macarthur wind farm.
Natural resources can be classified as either renewable or non-renewable. Renewable resources like sunlight, wind, water and biomass can regenerate themselves over time, while non-renewable resources like fossil fuels and minerals exist in finite quantities and cannot be replenished once depleted. Some key renewable resources discussed include solar, wind, hydro and geothermal energy, each with their own pros and cons. Non-renewable resources outlined are oil, natural gas, coal and nuclear fuels, which all provide important energy but have limited supplies that will eventually be exhausted unless usage is reduced. Conservation of both renewable and non-renewable resources is important to ensure sustainable development.
This document discusses various energy resources including renewable and non-renewable sources. It notes that 16% of energy comes from renewable sources such as solar, wind, water, and biomass while 84% comes from non-renewable sources like oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear power. It provides details on the formation, extraction or production, uses, and trade-offs of different energy sources. These include discussions of oil and natural gas formation from dead marine organisms, coal formation over millions of years, nuclear fission reactions, and renewable options like solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal energy. The document emphasizes evaluating different energy sources based on factors like availability, yields, costs, environmental impacts, and sustainability
Renewable energy comes from natural resources like wind, water, and sunlight that replenish. There are two types of energy used in agriculture - direct energy including electricity and fuels, and indirect energy needed to make machinery and fertilizers. Renewable sources like bioenergy, solar, wind, hydro and geothermal can substitute fossil fuels to power farms and aquaculture, with any excess sold to earn revenue and benefit farmers and rural communities.
This document discusses different types of energy resources. It categorizes energy resources as either renewable or non-renewable. Renewable resources include solar, wind, hydro, and biomass energies. Non-renewable resources are formed over long periods of time in the earth's crust and include coal, petroleum, and natural gas. The document emphasizes the importance of conserving energy resources given that demand is increasing while supplies are limited. It provides examples of how to conserve energy such as using efficient light bulbs and not wasting electricity.
This document discusses energy resources, classifying them as either renewable or non-renewable. Renewable resources like solar and wind energy have advantages of being continuously supplied and replenished within a short time while causing less pollution, but do not produce large amounts of energy and can be expensive to build. Non-renewable resources like fossil fuels are limited in supply, take a long time to replenish, and contribute to environmental harm and global warming.
Renewable and non-renewable resources are classified based on their ability to regenerate. Renewable resources like solar, wind and hydro power can be replenished naturally, do not pollute, and are available in many locations. However, they can be inconsistent. Non-renewable resources like coal, oil and natural gas were created over millions of years and produce greenhouse gases when burned; once depleted they cannot be replaced. Conservation efforts aim to reduce consumption and waste of all natural resources.
This document discusses the classification and types of natural resources. It separates resources into renewable and non-renewable categories. Renewable resources like water, crops, and wind can regenerate within a human lifetime. Non-renewable resources such as coal, oil, and minerals take millions of years to form and exist in fixed amounts. The document also covers alternative energy sources like solar, wind, hydropower, and nuclear power. Overall resource availability depends on the costs of extraction and processing.
Natural resources can be classified as either renewable or non-renewable. Renewable resources like sunlight, wind, water and biomass can regenerate themselves over time, while non-renewable resources like fossil fuels and minerals exist in finite quantities and cannot be replenished once depleted. Some key renewable resources discussed include solar, wind, hydro and geothermal energy, each with their own pros and cons. Non-renewable resources outlined are oil, natural gas, coal and nuclear fuels, which all provide important energy but have limited supplies that will eventually be exhausted unless usage is reduced. Conservation of both renewable and non-renewable resources is important to ensure sustainable development.
This document discusses various energy resources including renewable and non-renewable sources. It notes that 16% of energy comes from renewable sources such as solar, wind, water, and biomass while 84% comes from non-renewable sources like oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear power. It provides details on the formation, extraction or production, uses, and trade-offs of different energy sources. These include discussions of oil and natural gas formation from dead marine organisms, coal formation over millions of years, nuclear fission reactions, and renewable options like solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal energy. The document emphasizes evaluating different energy sources based on factors like availability, yields, costs, environmental impacts, and sustainability
Renewable energy comes from natural resources like wind, water, and sunlight that replenish. There are two types of energy used in agriculture - direct energy including electricity and fuels, and indirect energy needed to make machinery and fertilizers. Renewable sources like bioenergy, solar, wind, hydro and geothermal can substitute fossil fuels to power farms and aquaculture, with any excess sold to earn revenue and benefit farmers and rural communities.
This document discusses different types of energy resources. It categorizes energy resources as either renewable or non-renewable. Renewable resources include solar, wind, hydro, and biomass energies. Non-renewable resources are formed over long periods of time in the earth's crust and include coal, petroleum, and natural gas. The document emphasizes the importance of conserving energy resources given that demand is increasing while supplies are limited. It provides examples of how to conserve energy such as using efficient light bulbs and not wasting electricity.
This document discusses energy resources, classifying them as either renewable or non-renewable. Renewable resources like solar and wind energy have advantages of being continuously supplied and replenished within a short time while causing less pollution, but do not produce large amounts of energy and can be expensive to build. Non-renewable resources like fossil fuels are limited in supply, take a long time to replenish, and contribute to environmental harm and global warming.
Renewable and non-renewable resources are classified based on their ability to regenerate. Renewable resources like solar, wind and hydro power can be replenished naturally, do not pollute, and are available in many locations. However, they can be inconsistent. Non-renewable resources like coal, oil and natural gas were created over millions of years and produce greenhouse gases when burned; once depleted they cannot be replaced. Conservation efforts aim to reduce consumption and waste of all natural resources.
This document discusses the classification and types of natural resources. It separates resources into renewable and non-renewable categories. Renewable resources like water, crops, and wind can regenerate within a human lifetime. Non-renewable resources such as coal, oil, and minerals take millions of years to form and exist in fixed amounts. The document also covers alternative energy sources like solar, wind, hydropower, and nuclear power. Overall resource availability depends on the costs of extraction and processing.
Renewable energy sources include solar, wind and hydropower as they can be replenished within a human lifetime. Non-renewable sources like fossil fuels take much longer to form and are finite. Common causes of energy crises are political instability, natural disasters and overdependence on non-renewable resources. Measures to conserve energy involve improving efficiency, substituting technologies, audits and increasing awareness.
This document discusses various energy sources including fossil fuels like oil, natural gas and coal which were formed from ancient organic matter. It notes that fossil fuels are non-renewable and will run out eventually. The document also covers renewable energy sources like hydropower, wind, solar and geothermal which can be replenished. It emphasizes the importance of conservation and transitioning to renewable resources to ensure future generations have access to energy.
This document distinguishes between renewable and nonrenewable resources. Nonrenewable resources like fossil fuels cannot be replaced by nature once used up. Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas. Renewable resources can be naturally replenished, including land, water, and animal resources. However, overuse of renewable resources can cause issues like soil degradation, limited freshwater, and unsustainable use of animals. The document encourages identifying renewable and nonrenewable resources in New York State.
Conventional and non Conventional ResourcesTriambak Sahai
Conventional resources like coal, oil and natural gas are traditional energy sources that form over long periods from decaying organic matter. However, they release greenhouse gases when burned. Non-conventional resources such as solar, wind, hydropower and geothermal are increasingly important as they are renewable, pollution-free alternatives to conventional sources. Non-conventional energy comes from ongoing natural processes like sunlight, wind and tides rather than finite fossil fuels.
The document discusses renewable and non-renewable resources. It defines renewable resources as natural resources that can replenish themselves, such as through biological reproduction, including agriculture, water resources, organisms that provide food/fibers/drugs. Renewable energy sources mentioned include solar, wind, geothermal power. Non-renewable resources are finite and do not replenish in human timeframes, including fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, natural gas. Specific renewable energy sources then discussed in more detail are tidal power, wind power, solar power, hydropower, and thermal energy.
This document defines and provides examples of renewable and non-renewable natural resources. Renewable resources like oxygen, wood, and water can be replenished within human lifetimes through natural processes. Non-renewable resources such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas take significantly longer to form and are finite in supply, being non-renewable on a human timescale. The document cautions that renewable resources are not endless, and provides context on misconceptions around resource renewability.
The document discusses and classifies various energy sources. It outlines primary energy resources which include fossil fuels, nuclear fuels, hydro energy, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, and ocean energy. Secondary energy resources derive from primary sources and include petrol, diesel, kerosene oil, CNG, and LPG. Energy sources are also classified based on being conventional or non-conventional as well as renewable or non-renewable. Key energy sources discussed in more detail include petroleum, natural gas, solar energy, and hydroelectric energy.
The document discusses various energy resources including renewable and non-renewable sources. Renewable resources such as sunlight, wind and water can be replenished, while non-renewable resources like fossil fuels and minerals are depleted over time. Growing energy needs are driven by industrialization, urbanization and population growth. The document then examines different energy sources in more detail, including fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil as well as renewable options such as hydroelectric, solar, wind, geothermal and hydrogen power. Both advantages and disadvantages are provided for each energy type.
This document summarizes the key differences between non-renewable and renewable resources. It defines non-renewable resources as natural resources that cannot be replaced at the same rate at which they are consumed, such as coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear materials. These resources were formed over long periods of geological time from decaying organic matter. The document then discusses various renewable resources like solar, wind, water, and biomass, which can be replenished naturally in a short period of time through natural processes. It provides examples of how each renewable resource can be utilized to generate energy.
This document classifies and defines different types of energy sources. It discusses primary energy sources, which are harvested directly from nature, as well as secondary energy sources, which are derived from primary sources through technological processes. It also covers commercial energy sources, which are available for purchase; non-commercial sources, which are traditionally gathered; renewable sources, which are naturally replenished; and non-renewable sources, which are finite. Primary examples are provided for each energy classification.
The document summarizes different types of energy resources, separating them into renewable and non-renewable categories. Renewable resources like sunlight, wind, water, and biomass can be replenished within a human lifespan. Non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels and ores are finite, as they take thousands of years to form. The document also discusses alternative energy sources including solar, wind, hydropower, nuclear, and biomass that provide more environmentally friendly options compared to fossil fuels.
Renewable and nonrenewable resources notesJehangir Khan
This document discusses renewable and nonrenewable resources. Renewable resources, such as crops, wind, and water can be replenished within a human lifetime. Nonrenewable resources like coal, oil and natural gas cannot be replenished and are finite. Global energy use has increased 50% from 1973 to 1993 and is expected to continue growing. This will likely accelerate issues like global warming due to increased greenhouse gas emissions. The document also discusses alternative energy sources like solar, wind, hydropower and nuclear that are more renewable options compared to fossil fuels.
Renewable resources such as solar, wind, water and biomass can be replenished naturally, unlike non-renewable resources like oil, coal and natural gas which are finite. Renewable resources provide nearly infinite energy but some options like solar are only available during daylight hours. Non-renewable resources produce little waste but are finite and their extraction and use pollutes the environment and contributes to climate change. Both renewable and non-renewable energy sources have economic and environmental advantages and disadvantages.
This document provides an overview of energy resources and conservation. It begins by defining energy and classifying resources as renewable and non-renewable. Fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas make up most of the world's energy consumption currently, though renewable sources like solar, wind and hydropower are growing. The document then discusses various non-renewable and renewable energy sources in more detail. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of energy conservation to use resources optimally and ensure availability for future generations.
This document discusses sustainable energy and power sources. It defines renewable energy as energy from natural resources that are replenished within a human lifetime without long-term environmental damage. The major renewable resources described are solar, thermal, wind, tidal, wave, hydroelectric, biomass and geothermal energy. It then provides details on each type of energy source, including their advantages and disadvantages. Energy efficiency technologies are also discussed to improve energy usage.
This document discusses three types of renewable resources: biomass, nuclear energy, and geothermal energy. Biomass acts as a natural battery that stores solar energy as long as it is produced sustainably. Nuclear energy is derived from nuclear fission reactions that split atoms to produce heat and boil water to generate electricity. Geothermal energy uses steam from reservoirs of hot water deep underground to power turbines that generate electricity without fossil fuels.
The speaker is an expert on renewable energy and has advised members of the US Congress and Dennis Kucinich's presidential campaign. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro power are important alternatives to fossil fuels, which are in limited supply and contribute to climate change and carbon emissions. Various renewable technologies were discussed including solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, hydroelectric dams, wave power, and hydrogen fuel cells.
El 16 de marzo de 2016 visitó la Fundación Ramón Areces el físico Chris Llewellyn Smith, ex director del CERN, profesor de la Universidad de Oxford y presidente del Consejo de SESAME. Tituló su conferencia: '¿Serán las necesidades energéticas del futuro compatibles con la sostenibilidad?'. Esta actividad formó parte del ciclo organizado por la Fundación Ramón Areces en colaboración con la Real Sociedad Española de Física.
Renewable energy sources include solar, wind and hydropower as they can be replenished within a human lifetime. Non-renewable sources like fossil fuels take much longer to form and are finite. Common causes of energy crises are political instability, natural disasters and overdependence on non-renewable resources. Measures to conserve energy involve improving efficiency, substituting technologies, audits and increasing awareness.
This document discusses various energy sources including fossil fuels like oil, natural gas and coal which were formed from ancient organic matter. It notes that fossil fuels are non-renewable and will run out eventually. The document also covers renewable energy sources like hydropower, wind, solar and geothermal which can be replenished. It emphasizes the importance of conservation and transitioning to renewable resources to ensure future generations have access to energy.
This document distinguishes between renewable and nonrenewable resources. Nonrenewable resources like fossil fuels cannot be replaced by nature once used up. Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas. Renewable resources can be naturally replenished, including land, water, and animal resources. However, overuse of renewable resources can cause issues like soil degradation, limited freshwater, and unsustainable use of animals. The document encourages identifying renewable and nonrenewable resources in New York State.
Conventional and non Conventional ResourcesTriambak Sahai
Conventional resources like coal, oil and natural gas are traditional energy sources that form over long periods from decaying organic matter. However, they release greenhouse gases when burned. Non-conventional resources such as solar, wind, hydropower and geothermal are increasingly important as they are renewable, pollution-free alternatives to conventional sources. Non-conventional energy comes from ongoing natural processes like sunlight, wind and tides rather than finite fossil fuels.
The document discusses renewable and non-renewable resources. It defines renewable resources as natural resources that can replenish themselves, such as through biological reproduction, including agriculture, water resources, organisms that provide food/fibers/drugs. Renewable energy sources mentioned include solar, wind, geothermal power. Non-renewable resources are finite and do not replenish in human timeframes, including fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, natural gas. Specific renewable energy sources then discussed in more detail are tidal power, wind power, solar power, hydropower, and thermal energy.
This document defines and provides examples of renewable and non-renewable natural resources. Renewable resources like oxygen, wood, and water can be replenished within human lifetimes through natural processes. Non-renewable resources such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas take significantly longer to form and are finite in supply, being non-renewable on a human timescale. The document cautions that renewable resources are not endless, and provides context on misconceptions around resource renewability.
The document discusses and classifies various energy sources. It outlines primary energy resources which include fossil fuels, nuclear fuels, hydro energy, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, and ocean energy. Secondary energy resources derive from primary sources and include petrol, diesel, kerosene oil, CNG, and LPG. Energy sources are also classified based on being conventional or non-conventional as well as renewable or non-renewable. Key energy sources discussed in more detail include petroleum, natural gas, solar energy, and hydroelectric energy.
The document discusses various energy resources including renewable and non-renewable sources. Renewable resources such as sunlight, wind and water can be replenished, while non-renewable resources like fossil fuels and minerals are depleted over time. Growing energy needs are driven by industrialization, urbanization and population growth. The document then examines different energy sources in more detail, including fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil as well as renewable options such as hydroelectric, solar, wind, geothermal and hydrogen power. Both advantages and disadvantages are provided for each energy type.
This document summarizes the key differences between non-renewable and renewable resources. It defines non-renewable resources as natural resources that cannot be replaced at the same rate at which they are consumed, such as coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear materials. These resources were formed over long periods of geological time from decaying organic matter. The document then discusses various renewable resources like solar, wind, water, and biomass, which can be replenished naturally in a short period of time through natural processes. It provides examples of how each renewable resource can be utilized to generate energy.
This document classifies and defines different types of energy sources. It discusses primary energy sources, which are harvested directly from nature, as well as secondary energy sources, which are derived from primary sources through technological processes. It also covers commercial energy sources, which are available for purchase; non-commercial sources, which are traditionally gathered; renewable sources, which are naturally replenished; and non-renewable sources, which are finite. Primary examples are provided for each energy classification.
The document summarizes different types of energy resources, separating them into renewable and non-renewable categories. Renewable resources like sunlight, wind, water, and biomass can be replenished within a human lifespan. Non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels and ores are finite, as they take thousands of years to form. The document also discusses alternative energy sources including solar, wind, hydropower, nuclear, and biomass that provide more environmentally friendly options compared to fossil fuels.
Renewable and nonrenewable resources notesJehangir Khan
This document discusses renewable and nonrenewable resources. Renewable resources, such as crops, wind, and water can be replenished within a human lifetime. Nonrenewable resources like coal, oil and natural gas cannot be replenished and are finite. Global energy use has increased 50% from 1973 to 1993 and is expected to continue growing. This will likely accelerate issues like global warming due to increased greenhouse gas emissions. The document also discusses alternative energy sources like solar, wind, hydropower and nuclear that are more renewable options compared to fossil fuels.
Renewable resources such as solar, wind, water and biomass can be replenished naturally, unlike non-renewable resources like oil, coal and natural gas which are finite. Renewable resources provide nearly infinite energy but some options like solar are only available during daylight hours. Non-renewable resources produce little waste but are finite and their extraction and use pollutes the environment and contributes to climate change. Both renewable and non-renewable energy sources have economic and environmental advantages and disadvantages.
This document provides an overview of energy resources and conservation. It begins by defining energy and classifying resources as renewable and non-renewable. Fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas make up most of the world's energy consumption currently, though renewable sources like solar, wind and hydropower are growing. The document then discusses various non-renewable and renewable energy sources in more detail. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of energy conservation to use resources optimally and ensure availability for future generations.
This document discusses sustainable energy and power sources. It defines renewable energy as energy from natural resources that are replenished within a human lifetime without long-term environmental damage. The major renewable resources described are solar, thermal, wind, tidal, wave, hydroelectric, biomass and geothermal energy. It then provides details on each type of energy source, including their advantages and disadvantages. Energy efficiency technologies are also discussed to improve energy usage.
This document discusses three types of renewable resources: biomass, nuclear energy, and geothermal energy. Biomass acts as a natural battery that stores solar energy as long as it is produced sustainably. Nuclear energy is derived from nuclear fission reactions that split atoms to produce heat and boil water to generate electricity. Geothermal energy uses steam from reservoirs of hot water deep underground to power turbines that generate electricity without fossil fuels.
The speaker is an expert on renewable energy and has advised members of the US Congress and Dennis Kucinich's presidential campaign. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro power are important alternatives to fossil fuels, which are in limited supply and contribute to climate change and carbon emissions. Various renewable technologies were discussed including solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, hydroelectric dams, wave power, and hydrogen fuel cells.
El 16 de marzo de 2016 visitó la Fundación Ramón Areces el físico Chris Llewellyn Smith, ex director del CERN, profesor de la Universidad de Oxford y presidente del Consejo de SESAME. Tituló su conferencia: '¿Serán las necesidades energéticas del futuro compatibles con la sostenibilidad?'. Esta actividad formó parte del ciclo organizado por la Fundación Ramón Areces en colaboración con la Real Sociedad Española de Física.
Alternative Energy Facts - Between a ROC and a Green PlaceBrian Catt
An engineer, physicist and businessman's independently verifiable fact based take on the big green energy fraud, as run by government for the profit of banks and generators to make every on of its supposed benefits expensively worse.
The document discusses various renewable energy sources including solar, wind, biomass, and biofuels. It provides information on technologies such as solar photovoltaics and solar thermal, types of wind turbines, biomass heating systems, and combined heat and power systems. Case studies are presented on installations of solar PV, biomass CHP, and small residential wind turbines.
Fuel Cells are becoming the preferred alternate energy but unless the constraints are understood and dealt with it will not be adopted at the rate it should
GlobalNES is a renewable energy consulting firm that provides solar, wind, water, and efficiency solutions. They aim to implement practical renewable energy systems tailored to each client's needs to ensure a cleaner energy future. GlobalNES works with top manufacturers to offer photovoltaic solar panels, wind turbines, microhydro systems, and LED lighting to residential, commercial, and municipal clients. Their customized renewable energy programs are designed to reduce energy costs and carbon emissions through long-term energy savings.
Bangalore | Jul-16 | Solar power as a tool for emissions mitigations and dev...Smart Villages
Presenter: Jenny Nelson, Phil Sandwell, Chris Emmott, Ned Ekins-Daukes
Grantham Institute & Department of Physics,
Ajay Gambhir, Grantham Institute
Chiara Candelise and Paul Westacott, Centre for Energy Policy
Imperial College London
The document discusses developing a catalyst for cracking methane at low temperatures. It aims to utilize methane from biomass in rural areas as a renewable energy source. The objectives are to control methane pollution and enable eco-friendly energy production through catalyzing methane cracking with minimal external energy. The document outlines the technology status, discusses catalysis and bond energies, and mentions fuel cells and photovoltaic generation as applications. It proposes developing a viable technology for catalytic methane cracking to address rural energy problems in an environmentally friendly way.
Climate Change Mitigation & AdaptationLaurence Mills
Climate Change Plan
Renewable Technologies
Financial Assistance
Conservation & Efficiency
Mitigation with Technology
Global Climate Change
UK Energy Supply & Climate
Scotland\'s Projected Climate Changes
Climate Change Adaptation & Forward Planning
2008 Presentation I gave at Grinnell college arguing for renewables and efficiency to replace coal for electrical generation
I give concrete plans for how to transition to renewables for small Iowa communities and do it at a profit
Environmental impacts of power generationSaurabhVaish7
The document discusses various power generation methods and their environmental impacts. It covers how electricity generation contributes significantly to carbon emissions and is expected to be responsible for 76% of total emissions by 2035. It then discusses some potential solutions like carbon capturing, more efficient water treatment facilities that can generate methane to power operations, and the environmental impacts of different generation sources like coal, natural gas, nuclear and renewables. Solar PV is highlighted as having zero emissions and air pollution during use but manufacturing does produce some emissions. The document concludes by introducing a new battery product called Aloe E-Cell that uses aloe vera instead of toxic chemicals.
ISES 2013 - Day 3 - Stephen Roosa (Association of Energy Engineers) - The Tr...Student Energy
The very last plenary session will highlight the challenges related to the transition in the energy sector: the big challenge on how to bridge the gap will be the main focus. A wide range of perspectives will be represented and the challenges we are facing as well as the solutions to these will be put on the table.
The document provides an overview of the 12 lessons that will be covered in a module on radioactive materials and energy. It outlines the key topics to be studied, including energy patterns, radiation sources, living with radon gas, radiation and health, nuclear power generation, nuclear waste, and future energy sources. The lessons will focus on understanding different energy sources and patterns of use, background radiation and its risks, and the role of nuclear power and its waste disposal.
Энергетика для эпохи глобального потепления. Роальд Сагдеев.Alexander Dubynin
The document discusses the history and impacts of proposals to increase atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. It notes that in 1954, scientist Harrison Brown proposed pumping massive amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere to stimulate plant growth and solve world hunger. Brown calculated doubling atmospheric CO2 would require burning 500 billion tons of coal. Albert Einstein hailed Brown's work. However, increasing CO2 has significantly increased energy costs for German consumers and led to large export losses for Germany's economy.
Solar energy originates from thermonuclear fusion reactions in the sun. It represents the entire electromagnetic spectrum reaching Earth. Solar energy has many advantages as a renewable and sustainable source of energy, including its abundance and lack of pollution. However, it is difficult to harness effectively due to its diffuse nature and variability. Recent technological advances have aimed to improve solar energy collection, conversion, and storage to make it a more viable alternative to fossil fuels.
This document discusses various clean energy sources including solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, tidal, and hydrogen. It provides details on how solar cells and solar inverters convert sunlight to electricity. It describes how wind turbines use lift and drag from wind to spin a generator. It also discusses using batteries like lithium batteries to store renewable energy and power electric vehicles. The document emphasizes that renewable sources like solar, wind, and hydro are sustainable with low carbon emissions.
Similar to Fossil vs Non-Fossil Energy Sources (20)
This document outlines the five steps to conducting a risk assessment: 1) identify hazards, 2) decide who may be harmed and how, 3) assess the risks and take action, 4) make a record of findings, and 5) review the risk assessment. It then provides tables to guide rating the likelihood, consequences, control effectiveness, and trend of identified risks. Risks should be documented along with the responsible person, likelihood and consequence scores, current control measures, and effectiveness of controls.
This document provides information about assessment tasks for core and elective units including literacy, numeracy, food safety, and using social media. It then discusses elements of art such as line, value, shape, texture, form, space, and color. Finally, it provides guidance on creating a picture story book including starting with a concept, brainstorming ideas, and providing examples of picture book ideas and styles including simple sketches, collage, using real materials, and telling a narrative about changes to the landscape.
The document provides information about assessments and tasks for Hamilton VCAL students in 2020. It includes details about literacy, numeracy, and other units to be completed, as well as instructions for two tasks involving producing digital documents and an event poster using various software programs. The document also provides information about stress, including what it is, signs of too much stress, how the body responds to stress, and tips for dealing with and managing stress.
The document provides information about Hamilton VCAL 2020 including core subjects, CODE elective subjects, and details of the BSBITU211 - Produce digital text documents unit. It discusses preparing, producing, and finalizing digital text documents and includes descriptions of digital text documents, ergonomics, organizational requirements, word processing applications, and identifying document purpose and audience.
This document provides information about personal development skills (PDS) units 1 & 2. It discusses the five "You Can Do It!" attributes of organization, confidence, persistence, resilience, and teamwork. For each attribute, it provides a definition and tips for improvement. It also includes questions for discussion around personal skills, leadership, problem solving, and maintaining a positive mindset during difficult times.
This document discusses enterprise and employability skills developed through a VCAL course. It lists 11 skills - including problem solving, critical thinking, creativity, communication, and teamwork - and provides brief descriptions for each. Students are asked to reflect on how they demonstrated each skill during a recent project, how effective they were, and how they can improve for next time. The skills are transferable and make students more job ready.
This document discusses how animal teams demonstrate effective teamwork and what human teams can learn from them. It provides examples of emperor penguins sharing duties to keep eggs warm and rotating positions to avoid extreme cold, geese flying together to reduce wind resistance and support tired birds, and wolves having distinct roles like leaders, hunters, and caretakers within loyal, cooperative packs. The document suggests human teams can improve by demonstrating trust, mutual respect, equal communication like these animal examples.
This document provides information about 5 assessment tasks for a Numeracy Unit. The tasks cover numeracy skills, financial literacy, planning and organizing, measurement and design, and a portfolio. It also includes information and examples about calculating perimeter and area, measures of central tendency, and range and quartiles.
This document provides strategies for teachers to engage VCAL learners and recommendations for digital tools that can be used. It suggests mixing up learning opportunities by using various media like photos, diagrams, videos and music. Teachers should get to know how each student learns best and provide choices. The document also recommends telling stories and involving multiple senses to create memorable learning experiences. It promotes giving students opportunities to create products and develop skills like literacy, numeracy, critical thinking and collaboration. The document lists several free digital tools for creating websites, sharing presentations, making mind maps and word clouds.
The document discusses strategies for learning online in 2020 for the Hamilton VCAL program. It emphasizes that students are not alone and there is support available. It introduces the Hamilton VCAL blog that will be used to post daily tasks, resources, and links to virtual class meetings. The blog allows students to share projects and has pages for different subjects to facilitate online learning.
STEM in the Middle Years provides a summary of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) and describes various hands-on activities that can encourage STEM learning for middle years students. It defines STEM as more than just content areas, but a transdisciplinary approach focusing on skills like collaboration, critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving. A variety of low-cost activities are presented, such as building structures from cards or straws, designing containers to keep ice cubes frozen, and programming robots. The goal is for students to engage in the engineering design process of asking, imagining, planning, creating, evaluating, and improving.
Presentation for the South Australian Science Teacher's Association conference at Brighton Secondary College on Monday 18th and Tuesday 19th April, 2016.
Presentation for the South Australian Science Teacher's Association conference at Brighton Secondary College on Monday 18th and Tuesday 19th April, 2016.
Presentation for the South Australian Science Teacher's Association conference at Brighton Secondary College on Monday 18th and Tuesday 19th April, 2016.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
Fossil vs Non-Fossil Energy Sources
1. VCE Environmental Science
Unit 3: AoS 1: Energy
SAC 1B: Fossil vs Non-Fossil
550 MW Gas at Mortlake Power Station
Versus
420MW Wind Energy at Macarthur Wind Farm
2. First a revision of the greenhouse effect:
• You need to know the terms absorption,
dissipation, electromagnetic, radiation,
transmission, reflection, ultra-violet, infrared
and visible light.
• You need to be able to draw a labelled
diagram of the natural and enhanced
greenhouse effects.
3.
4.
5. Question 1
Which of the following groups contains only
examples of renewable energy sources?
A. hydroelectric, coal, wind
B. nuclear, natural gas, solar
C. solar, wind, hydroelectric
D. hydroelectric, natural gas, wind
6. Question 2:
Considering the overall global effect, which
of the following gases is the most significant
contributor to the natural greenhouse
effect?
A. methane
B. water vapour
C. carbon dioxide
D. chlorofluorocarbons
7. Question 3
Which of the following gases has the
greatest impact globally on the enhanced
greenhouse effect?
A. methane
B. water vapour
C. carbon dioxide
D. chlorofluorocarbons
8. Question 4
Which of the following lists of energy sources are
in order of increasing emission of carbon
dioxide per unit of energy produced?
A. biomass, natural gas, coal, nuclear
B. biomass, natural gas, nuclear, coal
C. nuclear, biomass, coal, natural gas
D. nuclear, natural gas, biomass, coal
9. Question 5
Figure 1 shows the atmospheric concentrations of CO2 as
measured at a particular location over the period 1960–2008.
The percentage increase in atmospheric concentrations of CO2
from 1960 to 2000 is closest to
A. 12%
B. 17%
C. 19%
D. 22%
10.
11. Question 6
Which of the following options best identifies the type of
incoming radiation?
ultraviolet visible infrared
A. S R Q
B. R Q S
C. R P S
D. S R P
12. Question 7
Which of the following options best identifies the
type of outgoing radiation?
ultraviolet visible infrared
A. X X Y
B. None Y X
C. Y X Y
D. none Y none
13. 1 tonne = 1000 kg
kilo (k) = 103
mega (M) = 106
A thermal electricity generating plant is powered by coal. Each
kilogram of the particular quality of coal used produces 5 MJ of
energy.
Question 9
Burning of coal in the boiler is the first step in the process of
generating electricity. This burning of coal in the boiler is best
described as
A. an exothermic reaction.
B. an endothermic reaction.
C. conversion of kinetic energy to heat energy.
D. conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy.
14. 1 tonne = 1000 kg
kilo (k) = 103
mega (M) = 106
A thermal electricity generating plant is powered by coal. Each
kilogram of the particular quality of coal used produces 5 MJ of
energy.
Question 10
The boiler burns approximately 50 tonnes of coal per hour.
Which of the following is the best estimate of the coal energy used
per hour?
A. 2.5 × 109 MJ
B. 1.8 × 107 MJ
C. 2.5 × 105 MJ
D. 1.8 × 103 MJ
15. 1 tonne = 1000 kg
kilo (k) = 103
mega (M) = 106
A thermal electricity generating plant is powered by coal. Each
kilogram of the particular quality of coal used produces 5 MJ of
energy.
Question 11
When burning 50 tonnes of coal per hour, the output of the
electricity generator is 25 MJ per second. The percentage efficiency
of the whole power station is closest to:
A. 0.01%
B. 0.36%
C. 3.6%
D. 36%
16. Question 12
Name a fossil fuel energy source you have studied.
Name a non-fossil fuel energy source you have studied.
You should use these two sources in answering Questions 1a. to d.
You have been asked to design the electricity supply for a city of
100 000 people.
12a. Describe the steps involved in using your nominated fossil
fuel source to provide electricity to the homes and industries in
the city. (4 marks)
12b. Describe the steps involved in using your nominated non-
fossil fuel energy source to provide electricity to the homes and
industries in the city. (4 marks)
17. 12c. Outline some advantages and disadvantages of using your
nominated fossil fuel energy source to supply energy to this city.
(4 marks)
12d. Outline a strategy that could be used to reduce the impact of
your nominated fossil fuel energy source on the enhanced
greenhouse effect. Your answer should make reference to the
specific emissions of your nominated fossil fuel source. Your answer
could address either the process of using the fossil fuel energy
source or reducing the impact of its emissions.
(5 marks)
18. SAC 1B: A report in annotated poster or
multimedia format (recommended – either a
slideshow or website of about 15 pages).
Outcome 1: Describe the principles of energy
and relate them to the contribution of one
fossil fuel and one non-fossil energy source to
the enhanced greenhouse effect.
19. Your report should demonstrate:
• Your understanding of the following key knowledge – energy
efficiency of conversions, ways of increasing energy efficiency,,
heat, combustion, greenhouse effect, the interaction of energy with
greenhouse gases: energy absorption, re-emission, radiation and
dissipation by greenhouse gases
• The use of data in describing the scientific concepts associated with
energy including: energy conversions and energy efficiency;
transmission, absorption, radiation and dissipation; greenhouse
gases
• Methods of recording and processing information ie
Acknowledgement of sources of information (bibliography of
written and electronic sources). Make sure you include a References
page.
20. Performance Descriptor:
‘Comprehensive use of accurate data relating to energy
conversions and efficiency in the use of one fossil and
non-fossil energy source. Reasoned and articulate links
are made between the use of one fossil and one non-
fossil energy source and their level of contribution to
the enhanced greenhouse effect. A well developed
explanation of relevant international, national, state
and/or local strategies and protocols for reducing the
impact of fossil fuel energy sources is included.
Detailed analysis is evident in explaining and assessing
the effects of one fossil and one non-fossil energy
resource use on the environment and society.’
22. 550 MW Gas –fired Power Station
• 550 MW can power
about 550,000 homes
(assuming 1MW =
approx 1,000 homes),
which is roughly
equivalent to a city the
size of Perth or 50 times
the size of
Warrnambool.
23. Location
The Mortlake Power
Station Project is a
550 MW gas-fired
power station 12km
west of Mortlake in
South-Western
Victoria. The Origin
Board approved
construction of
Project on 4 July
2008.
24. Location
The site was chosen due
to a range of factors,
including its access to the
500kV high voltage
electricity transmission
line, well serviced state
highways and roads, the
suitability of the land for
construction and its
proximity to Origin’s gas
reserves in the offshore
Otway Basin. (good
accessibility)
25. Base vs Peak Load
• Due to be completed this year, the open cycle power
station will supply peaking power to Victorian homes in
times of high electricity demand. The project also
involves construction of a dedicated 83km gas pipeline
which is completed and will be ready for
commissioning to meet the power station’s needs.
• The underground natural gas transmission pipeline
runs through more than 80 properties and stretches
through the Timboon, Brucknell, Garvoc and Terang
districts. Along this route, some sites required
horizontal direct drilling which bores underground to
ensure the minimum environmental impact.
26. Improved Efficiency
Currently Mortlake
Power Plant is an “Open
cycle” generator, but has
the capacity to be
converted to a
“Combined Cycle” or Co-
Generation (Heat and
Power) plant in future.
Co-generation plants are more efficient because the heat is not
wasted but used for other purposes – for example: space heating in
some countries, drying fruit and vegetables or hot water for
cleaning.
27. Social and Economic Impacts
• The Mortlake Power Plant has provided employment
for 300 workers, including as contractors, during
construction. When it is fully operational it will provide
up to 30 full time positions.
• Multi-million dollar construction, with opportunities
for local businesses in the supply of goods and services
(eg accommodation, fuel, food, construction materials,
cleaning, equipment hire and security). Property prices
and rental costs in Mortlake have increased since
construction started.
28. Environmental Impacts
High efficiency natural gas-fired power stations
can produce up to 70% lower greenhouse gas
emissions than existing brown coal-fired
generators, and less than half that of the latest
technology black coal-fired power stations.
Increasing the use of natural gas as a fuel for
electricity generation will assist Australia to
reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. However,
natural gas is a fossil fuel and although we have
over 100 years supply at 2002 rates of use, it is a
finite resource.
29. Advantages of Gas
• Gas burns cleaner than the other fossil fuels such as coal and oil due to
the highly efficient combustion process, which produces very few by-
products that are released into the atmosphere as pollutants.
• Gas produces 70% less carbon dioxide emissions compared to other
fossil fuels.
• Due to the clean burning process, natural gas does not leave residues
like soot or ash when compared to coal.
• Gas offers a high heating value, approximately 24,000 Btu per pound.
• Utilising gas removes the need for large underground storage facilities
and reduces the possibility of soil contamination when compared with
oil and there is less chance of the need for large scale environmental
clean ups using natural gas.
• Gas is relatively inexpensive when compared to coal (saves money).
• Gas is considered to be a reliable form of energy production because the
pipeline system is not susceptible to bad weather conditions unlike the
transport of coal or oil, which is often moved by road or rail.
• Increased reliability over wind and solar power.
30. Disadvantages of Gas
• Gas is a highly flammable substance and it needs
to be produced in highly managed circumstances.
• Creating and managing the pipelines used to
transport natural gas can be costly.
• Gas is considered to be a non-renewable energy
source and will run out eventually if our current
usage levels continue.
• Gas is colourless, odourless and tasteless which
can make finding potentially hazardous leaks
difficult.
32. Location
The wind farm area covers approximately 5,500
hectares of freehold agricultural land approx 16km
east of Macarthur, between Hamilton and
Warrnambool in South Western Victoria.
33. Location
• The 420MW Macarthur
Wind Farm Project is made
up of 140 wind turbines
located on three
properties that are
predominately used for
sheep and cattle grazing.
About 90km of tracks
service the wind farm site.
Construction commenced
in December, 2011.
34. Environmental benefits
The Macarthur Wind Farm will
save approximately 1.7 million
tonnes of greenhouse gases per
year from being emitted into
the atmosphere. It will
contribute to the Federal
Government's expanded
Renewable Energy Target which
aims to have 20% of the
country's electricity generated
from renewable sources by
2020.
35. Economic and Employment Benefits
The project will create up to 900
construction and manufacturing
jobs in the region, with up to
300 on-site jobs during the peak
construction period, and up to
30 full-time ongoing operations
and maintenance positions to
service the wind farm during its
25 year design life, providing
long term employment
opportunities and associated
benefits for local businesses and
services.
36. Social and Community benefits
• The on site workforce now numbers in excess of 350 and a
large majority of these employees have been drawn from a
100km radius of the site. Leighton Contractors and Vestas
are providing training opportunities for workers and
developing new skills that will be of significant benefit to
these workers in the future.
• AGL, Meridian Energy, Vestas and Leighton Contractors are
all contributing to various community projects, including
upgrading sporting facilities, augmenting health care
equipment, improved child care facilities and development
of public spaces. The communities of Macarthur and
Hawkesdale will see the benefits of these projects in the
coming months.
37. Advantages of Wind Power
• Clean – no greenhouse gas emissions
produced in operation
• Renewable – wind is a resource that will not
run out
• Can operate at night (unlike solar)
• Other industries can operate in the vicinity
(eg. Agriculture)
38. Disadvantages of Wind Power
• Cost – this is a $1 billion project, over ten years in
the planning.
• Much of the infrastructure (blades and turbines)
have been manufactured overseas and
transported here, at great cost.
• Wind is not a constant energy source and
therefore cannot be used for base-load power.
• Aesthetics – some people complain about the
changed appearance of the landscape.
• Noise – some people complain about the noise
from wind turbines.
39. Disadvantages of Wind Power
• Impact on native vegetation and habitat
• Bird kills and disruption of threatened species.
• Areas of cultural and historical significance
• Potential health impacts
• TV and radio interference
• What happens at the end of the 25 year life
span? (Decommisioning)