Garver Moore
Risk Management Consultant
Sageworks Advisory Services
Forward-Looking ALLL:
Computing Qualitative Adjustments
August 24, 2016
P R E S E N T E D B Y
Brandon Russell
ALLL Specialist
Sageworks
About the Webinar.
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• We will answer as many questions as we can at
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About Sageworks.
• Risk management thought leader for
institutions and examiners
• Regularly featured in national and trade
media
• Origination, Portfolio Administration and
Portfolio Risk Management Solutions
• More than 1,000 financial institution
clients
• Founded in 1998
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Disclaimer.
This presentation may include statements that constitute “forward-looking statements” relative to publicly available
industry data. Forward-looking statements often contain words such as “believe,” “expect,” “plans,” “project,” “target,”
“anticipate,” “will,” “should,” “see,” “guidance,” “confident” and similar terms. There can be no assurance that any of the future
events discussed will occur as anticipated, if at all, or that actual results on the industry will be as expected. Sageworks is not
responsible for the accuracy or validity of this publicly available industry data, or the outcome of the use of this data relative
to business or investment decisions made by the recipients of this data. Sageworks disclaims all representations and
warranties, express or implied. Risks and uncertainties include risks related to the effect of economic conditions and
financial market conditions; fluctuation in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. No
Sageworks employee is authorized to make recommendations or give advice as to any course of action that should be made
as an outcome of this data. The forward-looking statements and data speak only as of the date of this presentation and we
undertake no obligation to update or revise this information as of a later date.
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About Today’s Presenter.
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Garver Moore
Risk Management Consultant
Sageworks Advisory Services
Brandon Russell
ALLL Specialist
Sageworks
Agenda.
• Information versus insight
• Problems in current GAAP
• Concept: Loss Emergence Period
• Techniques: Regression Analysis
• Techniques: Analysis of the Variance
• Concept: Confidence Intervals
• Objectivizing subjectivity
• Case study
• Product enablement
Poll Questions.
Transitioning to Data-Driven World.
• Global headwind (tailwind?) affecting all industries
• Each industry is creating its own interpretation of best practices and uses for information
• Large institutions are already taking advantage
• Alt-lending and emerging players are, too – niche players (for now)
• “Big data” isn’t meaningful information
• Data = Information: not just bits on a server
• Intelligence is *actionable* insight
Information Analysis Insights
Real World Example: Information vs. Insights.
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35.786234 -78.662548 35.795732 -78.695490 20 2.1
35.785834 -78.662963 35.779972 -78.667196 30 0.6
35.784545 -78.699287 35.772312 -78.719604 65 2.1
35.779522 -78.668100 35.784545 -78.699287 35 1.7
35.795732 -78.695490 35.772312 -78.719604 60 2.4
35.772477 -78.722420 35.763571 -78.726986 35 0.7
35.763574 -78.727006 35.762506 -78.730763 20 0.3
Insight: Take a left on Pullen Road to reach your destination 2.65 minutes faster
Problems in Current GAAP.
• Convention dominating reason in low-loss period
• Benchmark reserves unsupportable by historical experience
• Reaching further and further back to pick up losses
• Net recoveries for shorter periods
• Directional Consistency traps
• No oracles
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Poll.
Concept: Loss Emergence Period.
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Loss Rate
(%)
Balance Reserve
What most institutions think
they’re doing
What most institutions are
actually doing
Loss Rate
(%)
Balance Reserve
1
Concept: Loss Emergence Period.
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1 yr Loss Emergence Factor:
Past Present Future
DO NOT
ENTER
Adverse
Event
Detection
Loss
Realized
Pre-Emergence period Loss Emergence Period
Concept: Loss Emergence Period.
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Past Present Future
Adverse
Event
Detection
Loss
Estimated
Still “Incurred”
Advantages / Drawbacks.
Advantages:
Faithful estimate of incurred loss within the bounds of GAAP
Useful number to understand and calculate
Useful financial bridge to lifetime loss calculation
Don’t need to continuously compute
Disadvantages:
May be greater than one, may be less than one
Difficult to un-ring the bell
Significant measurement risk in low-loss environments
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Poll: Q Factor Reliance.
Peer Study I.
Peer Study II.
Problem with 3-year loss rate.
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Techniques: Regression Analysis.
• “How does a change in unemployment impact my loss experience?”
• “What was the impact to my losses when I started writing C&I to a new segment?”
• “What is the lead time from an indicator change to a portfolio result?”
• “What was the impact of our new management team?”
• “How confident am I in my loss experience number?”
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Information Analysis Insights
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“All Else Being Equal”.
Techniques: Analysis of the Variance (ANOVA).
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• Quantify the impact of different “Eras”
• Quantify the impact of different
segmentations
• Test for significance
Thought Experiment: Rocket Bank.
• Rocket Bank has a single analysis and business segment: C&I
loans with NAICS code X212221
» Mining asteroids for gold
» Experimental technologies: about 10% of rockets will fail to
orbit (default)
» Secured by existing gold stocks and exotic insurance
products – about 15% of a loan is exposed to default risk
» Extraordinarily well capitalized; inexhaustible supply of
loans
• You enter this space: think of your portfolio loans as a “sample”
» What if you win 10 loans of their business? 50? 500?
• Knowing a priori the “platonic” default rate and LGD for these
kinds of loans, let us examine how your portfolio size changes
your certainty in calculating your own experience in X212221
lending
Concept: Confidence Intervals.
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Documenting reliability in measurement
-4.00%
-2.00%
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
1 10 100 1000 10000
The reliability of a measurement (e.g., Loss Rates
or PD) scales with how that measurement is
conducted.
Confidence Intervals 101.
• There’s a huge difference between reserving $15,000,000 +/- $1,000,000 on a $1B portfolio and
$15,000,000 +/- $5,000,000 on the same portfolio
• 80, 90, 95% confidence intervals – an illustrative concept
• Key driver: sample size – number of credits, number of observations. Management should know,
understand, and use this information! (Arguably, shareholders, too)
• Consider co-performance of credits in a segment
• Uncertainty shows up in number of PLLL transactions, or “surprise” PLLL transactions,
reactivity
Tools.
• Excel Data AnalysisPak (Older versions)
• First-class feature in Excel ‘16
• www.r-project.org
• Anaconda (continuum.io)
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Minimize Subjective Vulnerabilities.
A lesson from security risk management
concepts:
• Attack surface concept as applied to banking
risk management processes:
» Understand how much of your calculation
is vulnerable to criticism – Map your
attack surface to identify high-risk areas
of your examined practices
» Use information and documentation to
cover these subjective areas of your
calculations
» Defending your attack surface decreases
your compliance and model risk
Attack Surface
Case Study: Quantitative Analysis for
Qualitative Drivers.
• $500MM – $1 B in loans
• Consistent, conservative approach
• Active, growing CRE segment
• Two main regions of operation
• Consistent governance
Step 1: Apply Intuition.
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• What are my correlates? What do I suspect might drive my loss experience?
• Certainly, regional macroeconomic indicators
• Internal indicators
• Indicators for boutique segments or regional exposure (snowfall for mountain
communities, spot prices for ag, etc.)
Step 2: Get the lay of the land (Correlation
Analysis).
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1 0.951703 0.875918 0.812415 0.590294 0.615976 0.642744 0.674873 0.462244 0.474898 0.487928 0.501183 0.150649 0.176953 0.20277 0.228824 -0.10808 -0.101 -0.087 -0.08633 -0.48862 -0.50018 -0.50041 -0.4927 0.191453 0.641347 0.60658 0.065434 0.200392 0.437867 0.187977 0.321501 0.182108 0.227831 0.02901 0.210586 0.135496 0.595674 0.229409 0.437867 -0.15503 -0.19875 0.468846 0.459909 -0.00728 -0.03821 0.10876 0.349638 0.49266 0.763975
0.951703 1 0.951703 0.875918 0.574834 0.590294 0.615976 0.642744 0.449815 0.462244 0.474898 0.487928 0.124842 0.150649 0.176953 0.20277 -0.06202 -0.10808 -0.101 -0.087 -0.48323 -0.48862 -0.50018 -0.50041 0.300818 0.606995 0.648213 0.019086 0.075473 0.351816 0.196493 0.273804 0.167911 0.258348 0.00122 0.117485 0.079869 0.55381 0.188914 0.351816 -0.16582 -0.24409 0.457093 0.372515 -0.00881 -0.04841 0.061104 0.331331 0.40601 0.690165
0.875918 0.951703 1 0.951703 0.569034 0.574834 0.590294 0.615976 0.439019 0.449815 0.462244 0.474898 0.106186 0.124842 0.150649 0.176953 -0.02462 -0.06202 -0.10808 -0.101 -0.48477 -0.48323 -0.48862 -0.50018 0.335989 0.56676 0.670999 -0.00643 0.010984 0.311258 0.171565 0.217442 0.251982 0.268228 0.012419 0.090269 0.044528 0.505939 0.24204 0.311258 -0.17629 -0.24162 0.460886 0.303647 0.020517 -0.04349 0.030347 0.224263 0.341099 0.597636
0.812415 0.875918 0.951703 1 0.564811 0.569034 0.574834 0.590294 0.429243 0.439019 0.449815 0.462244 0.095795 0.106186 0.124842 0.150649 -0.04302 -0.02462 -0.06202 -0.10808 -0.48544 -0.48477 -0.48323 -0.48862 0.315151 0.541918 0.641322 -0.02242 0.011987 0.258549 0.235851 0.121635 0.320713 0.291989 0.028783 0.076835 0.009667 0.472465 0.266611 0.258549 -0.19647 -0.21869 0.387394 0.224133 0.014502 0.118294 0.002166 0.117908 0.266358 0.499053
0.590294 0.574834 0.569034 0.564811 1 0.975431 0.931172 0.878244 0.436142 0.458214 0.48249 0.506558 0.508244 0.496213 0.476258 0.446433 0.07415 0.152131 0.209348 0.260719 -0.64019 -0.62397 -0.602 -0.57671 0.054411 0.888768 0.128859 0.597184 0.422468 0.582034 0.040537 0.384413 0.327841 0.246887 0.026543 -0.016 0.629897 0.840016 0.277074 0.582034 -0.29465 -0.04777 0.291041 0.572484 -0.03701 0.2489 0.620152 0.230071 0.581151 0.70312
0.615976 0.590294 0.574834 0.569034 0.975431 1 0.975431 0.931172 0.428155 0.436142 0.458214 0.48249 0.498895 0.508244 0.496213 0.476258 -0.00242 0.07415 0.152131 0.209348 -0.65083 -0.64019 -0.62397 -0.602 0.118011 0.930042 0.216893 0.631828 0.404771 0.648407 0.056478 0.373963 0.22551 0.227636 -0.03202 -0.05032 0.661858 0.896425 0.245142 0.648407 -0.32527 -0.13251 0.394653 0.622425 -0.174 0.210807 0.653365 0.22788 0.636651 0.775245
0.642744 0.615976 0.590294 0.574834 0.931172 0.975431 1 0.975431 0.417546 0.428155 0.436142 0.458214 0.472796 0.498895 0.508244 0.496213 -0.08702 -0.00242 0.07415 0.152131 -0.67489 -0.65083 -0.64019 -0.62397 0.124321 0.947471 0.310015 0.603842 0.358253 0.650222 0.105062 0.356987 0.102819 0.163781 -0.08381 -0.1113 0.634699 0.934862 0.225236 0.650222 -0.35181 -0.20632 0.446778 0.613645 -0.28986 0.099313 0.624655 0.226972 0.633716 0.822844
0.674873 0.642744 0.615976 0.590294 0.878244 0.931172 0.975431 1 0.405871 0.417546 0.428155 0.436142 0.434612 0.472796 0.498895 0.508244 -0.1416 -0.08702 -0.00242 0.07415 -0.68717 -0.67489 -0.65083 -0.64019 0.165865 0.933889 0.410498 0.555106 0.379563 0.701535 0.159633 0.357562 -0.00738 0.125623 -0.1206 -0.14796 0.590939 0.944725 0.202342 0.701535 -0.36057 -0.27089 0.528153 0.658483 -0.37505 0.001812 0.57932 0.260635 0.685594 0.880542
0.462244 0.449815 0.439019 0.429243 0.436142 0.428155 0.417546 0.405871 1 0.999325 0.998366 0.997106 -0.44461 -0.46407 -0.48308 -0.50069 0.017275 0.015176 0.009509 0.002978 -0.82289 -0.82012 -0.8175 -0.81483 -0.13247 -0.64684 -0.55507 -0.20181 -0.14225 -0.41795 -0.23526 -0.27756 0.059737 -0.19368 0.011653 0.246966 -0.25248 -0.72805 -0.24164 -0.41795 0.360378 0.218117 -0.42911 -0.37779 0.348384 0.055139 -0.23153 -0.13661 -0.39871 -0.75716
0.474898 0.462244 0.449815 0.439019 0.458214 0.436142 0.428155 0.417546 0.999325 1 0.999325 0.998366 -0.41886 -0.44461 -0.46407 -0.48308 0.011456 0.017275 0.015176 0.009509 -0.82693 -0.82289 -0.82012 -0.8175 -0.17062 -0.53911 -0.53865 -0.122 -0.08501 -0.37028 -0.19604 -0.18169 0.161471 -0.13253 0.044524 0.288272 -0.15972 -0.63822 -0.22721 -0.37028 0.368037 0.23762 -0.44149 -0.31302 0.400076 0.125602 -0.144 -0.0616 -0.3337 -0.68294
0.487928 0.474898 0.462244 0.449815 0.48249 0.458214 0.436142 0.428155 0.998366 0.999325 1 0.999325 -0.39175 -0.41886 -0.44461 -0.46407 0.017498 0.011456 0.017275 0.015176 -0.82958 -0.82693 -0.82289 -0.82012 -0.16274 -0.40041 -0.55764 -0.01548 -0.06345 -0.31438 -0.13991 -0.05118 0.263595 -0.06475 0.077075 0.379872 -0.03479 -0.51414 -0.14045 -0.31438 0.378801 0.267496 -0.42599 -0.24144 0.456101 0.083424 -0.02539 0.015732 -0.25867 -0.58158
0.501183 0.487928 0.474898 0.462244 0.506558 0.48249 0.458214 0.436142 0.997106 0.998366 0.999325 1 -0.36449 -0.39175 -0.41886 -0.44461 0.02567 0.017498 0.011456 0.017275 -0.83383 -0.82958 -0.82693 -0.82289 -0.11639 -0.24521 -0.52753 0.075513 -0.03557 -0.21725 -0.14878 0.006119 0.35909 -0.0514 0.135187 0.42667 0.060014 -0.37159 -0.09817 -0.21725 0.336529 0.313991 -0.33816 -0.12667 0.504298 0.094029 0.069875 0.096839 -0.1468 -0.45284
0.150649 0.124842 0.106186 0.095795 0.508244 0.498895 0.472796 0.434612 -0.44461 -0.41886 -0.39175 -0.36449 1 0.99321 0.973511 0.940783 -0.01864 0.064065 0.127182 0.1548 0.133861 0.162078 0.196788 0.233426 0.050079 0.870451 0.08067 0.622788 0.377521 0.581198 0.075849 0.377194 0.418163 0.146464 0.081488 0.081209 0.649154 0.799199 0.150397 0.581198 -0.22015 0.035971 0.31505 0.601877 0.041404 0.254357 0.643502 0.295848 0.603375 0.706454
0.176953 0.150649 0.124842 0.106186 0.496213 0.508244 0.498895 0.472796 -0.46407 -0.44461 -0.41886 -0.39175 0.99321 1 0.99321 0.973511 -0.08591 -0.01864 0.064065 0.127182 0.11387 0.133861 0.162078 0.196788 0.083111 0.921756 0.16985 0.632012 0.406192 0.641813 0.099588 0.398175 0.32174 0.14596 0.032692 0.019241 0.664049 0.871157 0.158465 0.641813 -0.26862 -0.04183 0.380484 0.649486 -0.06123 0.18352 0.655824 0.30261 0.655154 0.790653
0.20277 0.176953 0.150649 0.124842 0.476258 0.496213 0.508244 0.498895 -0.48308 -0.46407 -0.44461 -0.41886 0.973511 0.99321 1 0.99321 -0.13789 -0.08591 -0.01864 0.064065 0.08268 0.11387 0.133861 0.162078 0.109703 0.952653 0.260254 0.625326 0.4155 0.680149 0.13084 0.395167 0.235485 0.168052 -0.00728 -0.02988 0.658593 0.92273 0.173712 0.680149 -0.29398 -0.11416 0.434722 0.674865 -0.1455 0.116622 0.649717 0.298861 0.685089 0.862987
0.228824 0.20277 0.176953 0.150649 0.446433 0.476258 0.496213 0.508244 -0.50069 -0.48308 -0.46407 -0.44461 0.940783 0.973511 0.99321 1 -0.18327 -0.13789 -0.08591 -0.01864 0.055394 0.08268 0.11387 0.133861 0.141063 0.963436 0.353929 0.575988 0.40826 0.696716 0.16063 0.376757 0.161347 0.177353 -0.03633 -0.05618 0.611261 0.953551 0.205347 0.696716 -0.3125 -0.17497 0.487269 0.677887 -0.21049 0.064695 0.601095 0.278993 0.692681 0.915347
-0.10808 -0.06202 -0.02462 -0.04302 0.07415 -0.00242 -0.08702 -0.1416 0.017275 0.011456 0.017498 0.02567 -0.01864 -0.08591 -0.13789 -0.18327 1 0.710852 0.518818 0.415231 0.013667 0.062188 0.095039 0.088966 0.062901 0.294515 -0.12553 0.101266 0.112446 0.148821 0.012448 0.063109 0.579972 0.181187 0.198184 0.195747 0.09484 0.180108 0.106938 0.148821 -0.05032 0.215353 0.093964 0.202835 0.42913 0.227432 0.106211 0.173014 0.192962 0.197668
-0.101 -0.10808 -0.06202 -0.02462 0.152131 0.07415 -0.00242 -0.08702 0.015176 0.017275 0.011456 0.017498 0.064065 -0.01864 -0.08591 -0.13789 0.710852 1 0.710852 0.518818 -0.0174 0.013667 0.062188 0.095039 0.076176 0.375984 -0.06837 0.176538 0.156865 0.207463 -0.03673 0.032174 0.655484 0.0176 0.193188 0.120619 0.163573 0.277735 0.12821 0.207463 -0.09638 0.213061 0.121199 0.200666 0.4028 0.438279 0.174236 -0.01595 0.193185 0.211462
-0.087 -0.101 -0.10808 -0.06202 0.209348 0.152131 0.07415 -0.00242 0.009509 0.015176 0.017275 0.011456 0.127182 0.064065 -0.01864 -0.08591 0.518818 0.710852 1 0.710852 -0.00058 -0.0174 0.013667 0.062188 -0.0983 0.414408 -0.04406 0.241398 0.184899 0.171503 0.162912 0.199524 0.463507 -0.0227 0.132935 0.023327 0.262572 0.332336 0.029942 0.171503 -0.21314 0.150166 -0.00071 0.201131 0.15521 0.720353 0.253453 0.116087 0.189419 0.256277
-0.08633 -0.087 -0.101 -0.10808 0.260719 0.209348 0.152131 0.07415 0.002978 0.009509 0.015176 0.017275 0.1548 0.127182 0.064065 -0.01864 0.415231 0.518818 0.710852 1 -0.0063 -0.00058 -0.0174 0.013667 -0.04427 0.473673 -0.06284 0.420934 0.111119 0.226504 0.167632 0.361798 0.268516 0.054451 0.077872 -0.05107 0.46425 0.415955 -0.00452 0.226504 -0.21831 0.0912 0.060347 0.257559 -0.08521 0.197958 0.446881 0.171984 0.247878 0.297594
-0.48862 -0.48323 -0.48477 -0.48544 -0.64019 -0.65083 -0.67489 -0.68717 -0.82289 -0.82693 -0.82958 -0.83383 0.133861 0.11387 0.08268 0.055394 0.013667 -0.0174 -0.00058 -0.0063 1 0.982976 0.958306 0.937242 -0.22582 -0.6749 -0.60922 -0.13697 -0.17262 -0.43024 -0.19031 -0.22255 -0.14873 -0.2308 0.054274 0.047518 -0.17964 -0.60427 -0.18927 -0.43024 0.384513 0.283211 -0.45465 -0.3918 0.176728 -0.02775 -0.16492 -0.21227 -0.43656 -0.67066
-0.50018 -0.48862 -0.48323 -0.48477 -0.62397 -0.64019 -0.65083 -0.67489 -0.82012 -0.82289 -0.82693 -0.82958 0.162078 0.133861 0.11387 0.08268 0.062188 0.013667 -0.0174 -0.00058 0.982976 1 0.982976 0.958306 -0.24141 -0.64458 -0.61954 -0.14961 -0.18052 -0.42542 -0.17272 -0.1908 -0.0533 -0.20593 0.123999 0.179038 -0.18509 -0.59178 -0.16604 -0.42542 0.432162 0.353007 -0.43752 -0.37232 0.24783 -0.08794 -0.17322 -0.17903 -0.41584 -0.64433
-0.50041 -0.50018 -0.48862 -0.48323 -0.602 -0.62397 -0.64019 -0.65083 -0.8175 -0.82012 -0.82289 -0.82693 0.196788 0.162078 0.133861 0.11387 0.095039 0.062188 0.013667 -0.0174 0.958306 0.982976 1 0.982976 -0.20931 -0.59229 -0.6262 -0.13397 -0.09774 -0.33579 -0.16807 -0.25063 0.06136 -0.23105 0.157141 0.252242 -0.18482 -0.55662 -0.15854 -0.33579 0.448025 0.391576 -0.3683 -0.29287 0.323084 -0.05298 -0.1653 -0.19957 -0.33673 -0.59587
-0.4927 -0.50041 -0.50018 -0.48862 -0.57671 -0.602 -0.62397 -0.64019 -0.81483 -0.8175 -0.82012 -0.82289 0.233426 0.196788 0.162078 0.133861 0.088966 0.095039 0.062188 0.013667 0.937242 0.958306 0.982976 1 -0.2138 -0.53624 -0.58865 -0.136 -0.07366 -0.3002 -0.14885 -0.27211 0.15187 -0.22609 0.173215 0.267913 -0.19378 -0.51893 -0.22302 -0.3002 0.447299 0.394731 -0.33067 -0.24902 0.42808 0.053204 -0.17013 -0.15222 -0.29132 -0.53875
0.191453 0.300818 0.335989 0.315151 0.054411 0.118011 0.124321 0.165865 -0.13247 -0.17062 -0.16274 -0.11639 0.050079 0.083111 0.109703 0.141063 0.062901 0.076176 -0.0983 -0.04427 -0.22582 -0.24141 -0.20931 -0.2138 1 0.148015 0.21173 0.001238 -0.0706 0.262057 -0.05116 0.061025 0.000932 0.013771 0.048028 0.010658 0.016496 0.148698 -0.04998 0.262057 0.043692 -0.02292 0.457046 0.223084 -0.05389 -0.05179 0.03368 0.003524 0.237467 0.165991
0.641347 0.606995 0.56676 0.541918 0.888768 0.930042 0.947471 0.933889 -0.64684 -0.53911 -0.40041 -0.24521 0.870451 0.921756 0.952653 0.963436 0.294515 0.375984 0.414408 0.473673 -0.6749 -0.64458 -0.59229 -0.53624 0.148015 1 0.349924 0.533191 0.402775 0.661859 0.150243 0.290351 0.200951 0.189116 -0.02818 -0.02593 0.551389 0.967644 0.226631 0.661859 -0.33534 -0.16707 0.460347 0.630926 -0.17005 0.081862 0.549282 0.257266 0.657393 0.888055
0.60658 0.648213 0.670999 0.641322 0.128859 0.216893 0.310015 0.410498 -0.55507 -0.53865 -0.55764 -0.52753 0.08067 0.16985 0.260254 0.353929 -0.12553 -0.06837 -0.04406 -0.06284 -0.60922 -0.61954 -0.6262 -0.58865 0.21173 0.349924 1 -0.07785 -0.07614 0.315164 0.207355 0.217026 -0.00936 0.209564 0.067433 -0.06188 -0.01301 0.366556 0.076585 0.315164 -0.17348 -0.28638 0.569001 0.29252 -0.2843 -0.09808 -0.04081 0.178714 0.327994 0.458549
0.065434 0.019086 -0.00643 -0.02242 0.597184 0.631828 0.603842 0.555106 -0.20181 -0.122 -0.01548 0.075513 0.622788 0.632012 0.625326 0.575988 0.101266 0.176538 0.241398 0.420934 -0.13697 -0.14961 -0.13397 -0.136 0.001238 0.533191 -0.07785 1 0.288187 0.516612 0.046755 0.301256 0.166679 0.118021 -0.07908 -0.04118 0.973082 0.490659 -0.03937 0.516612 -0.07195 -0.069 0.133219 0.535237 -0.0787 -0.06915 0.991817 0.287572 0.532854 0.397329
0.200392 0.075473 0.010984 0.011987 0.422468 0.404771 0.358253 0.379563 -0.14225 -0.08501 -0.06345 -0.03557 0.377521 0.406192 0.4155 0.40826 0.112446 0.156865 0.184899 0.111119 -0.17262 -0.18052 -0.09774 -0.07366 -0.0706 0.402775 -0.07614 0.288187 1 0.703381 -0.05123 0.121203 0.049908 0.157395 -0.07055 0.025952 0.288879 0.405475 0.074587 0.703381 -0.12814 -0.06618 0.157616 0.65903 -0.06535 0.024857 0.288547 0.1118 0.657617 0.455281
0.437867 0.351816 0.311258 0.258549 0.582034 0.648407 0.650222 0.701535 -0.41795 -0.37028 -0.31438 -0.21725 0.581198 0.641813 0.680149 0.696716 0.148821 0.207463 0.171503 0.226504 -0.43024 -0.42542 -0.33579 -0.3002 0.262057 0.661859 0.315164 0.516612 0.703381 1 -0.01615 0.239901 0.093736 0.153684 -0.04974 -0.05399 0.524781 0.667166 0.023208 1 -0.19827 -0.17263 0.759586 0.959006 -0.20456 -0.04214 0.529745 0.28262 0.964729 0.726108
0.187977 0.196493 0.171565 0.235851 0.040537 0.056478 0.105062 0.159633 -0.23526 -0.19604 -0.13991 -0.14878 0.075849 0.099588 0.13084 0.16063 0.012448 -0.03673 0.162912 0.167632 -0.19031 -0.17272 -0.16807 -0.14885 -0.05116 0.150243 0.207355 0.046755 -0.05123 -0.01615 1 0.074883 0.085925 -0.0665 -0.01463 0.024096 0.061325 0.166699 -0.00305 -0.01615 -0.0412 -0.07362 -0.04247 -0.03918 -0.02458 -0.0271 0.053002 -0.07301 -0.03287 0.171064
0.321501 0.273804 0.217442 0.121635 0.384413 0.373963 0.356987 0.357562 -0.27756 -0.18169 -0.05118 0.006119 0.377194 0.398175 0.395167 0.376757 0.063109 0.032174 0.199524 0.361798 -0.22255 -0.1908 -0.25063 -0.27211 0.061025 0.290351 0.217026 0.301256 0.121203 0.239901 0.074883 1 0.09128 0.07703 0.003802 0.078545 0.51149 0.255998 0.324208 0.239901 -0.07193 -0.07708 0.089149 0.263848 -0.09256 -0.06254 0.418257 0.226953 0.277128 0.277065
0.182108 0.167911 0.251982 0.320713 0.327841 0.22551 0.102819 -0.00738 0.059737 0.161471 0.263595 0.35909 0.418163 0.32174 0.235485 0.161347 0.579972 0.655484 0.463507 0.268516 -0.14873 -0.0533 0.06136 0.15187 0.000932 0.200951 -0.00936 0.166679 0.049908 0.093736 0.085925 0.09128 1 0.294981 0.397914 0.573784 0.163699 0.054479 0.091618 0.093736 0.320912 0.362149 0.0275 0.131751 0.65057 0.243944 0.170662 0.070839 0.139586 -0.0044
0.227831 0.258348 0.268228 0.291989 0.246887 0.227636 0.163781 0.125623 -0.19368 -0.13253 -0.06475 -0.0514 0.146464 0.14596 0.168052 0.177353 0.181187 0.0176 -0.0227 0.054451 -0.2308 -0.20593 -0.23105 -0.22609 0.013771 0.189116 0.209564 0.118021 0.157395 0.153684 -0.0665 0.07703 0.294981 1 0.367182 0.264834 0.118992 0.127748 0.160971 0.153684 0.203973 0.167949 0.060111 0.141533 0.091191 -0.07576 0.122774 0.044562 0.17206 0.161998
0.02901 0.00122 0.012419 0.028783 0.026543 -0.03202 -0.08381 -0.1206 0.011653 0.044524 0.077075 0.135187 0.081488 0.032692 -0.00728 -0.03633 0.198184 0.193188 0.132935 0.077872 0.054274 0.123999 0.157141 0.173215 0.048028 -0.02818 0.067433 -0.07908 -0.07055 -0.04974 -0.01463 0.003802 0.397914 0.367182 1 0.363344 -0.07917 -0.04484 -0.09307 -0.04974 0.324161 0.929226 0.013034 0.019003 0.154993 0.051346 -0.07367 0.057465 0.017698 -0.04722
0.210586 0.117485 0.090269 0.076835 -0.016 -0.05032 -0.1113 -0.14796 0.246966 0.288272 0.379872 0.42667 0.081209 0.019241 -0.02988 -0.05618 0.195747 0.120619 0.023327 -0.05107 0.047518 0.179038 0.252242 0.267913 0.010658 -0.02593 -0.06188 -0.04118 0.025952 -0.05399 0.024096 0.078545 0.573784 0.264834 0.363344 1 -0.02382 -0.13212 0.198132 -0.05399 0.597761 0.348675 -0.09433 0.0126 0.510657 0.000322 -0.02877 0.08852 0.028813 -0.08666
0.135496 0.079869 0.044528 0.009667 0.629897 0.661858 0.634699 0.590939 -0.25248 -0.15972 -0.03479 0.060014 0.649154 0.664049 0.658593 0.611261 0.09484 0.163573 0.262572 0.46425 -0.17964 -0.18509 -0.18482 -0.19378 0.016496 0.551389 -0.01301 0.973082 0.288879 0.524781 0.061325 0.51149 0.163699 0.118992 -0.07917 -0.02382 1 0.506873 0.045723 0.524781 -0.08817 -0.09038 0.144087 0.542906 -0.10775 -0.07636 0.993825 0.300076 0.544146 0.427306
0.595674 0.55381 0.505939 0.472465 0.840016 0.896425 0.934862 0.944725 -0.72805 -0.63822 -0.51414 -0.37159 0.799199 0.871157 0.92273 0.953551 0.180108 0.277735 0.332336 0.415955 -0.60427 -0.59178 -0.55662 -0.51893 0.148698 0.967644 0.366556 0.490659 0.405475 0.667166 0.166699 0.255998 0.054479 0.127748 -0.04484 -0.13212 0.506873 1 0.224512 0.667166 -0.37846 -0.18114 0.485863 0.621288 -0.28431 0.030788 0.504321 0.201565 0.64259 0.899129
0.229409 0.188914 0.24204 0.266611 0.277074 0.245142 0.225236 0.202342 -0.24164 -0.22721 -0.14045 -0.09817 0.150397 0.158465 0.173712 0.205347 0.106938 0.12821 0.029942 -0.00452 -0.18927 -0.16604 -0.15854 -0.22302 -0.04998 0.226631 0.076585 -0.03937 0.074587 0.023208 -0.00305 0.324208 0.091618 0.160971 -0.09307 0.198132 0.045723 0.224512 1 0.023208 -0.08874 -0.13902 -0.0262 0.001964 0.040453 0.060757 0.003326 -0.03525 0.017153 0.167271
0.437867 0.351816 0.311258 0.258549 0.582034 0.648407 0.650222 0.701535 -0.41795 -0.37028 -0.31438 -0.21725 0.581198 0.641813 0.680149 0.696716 0.148821 0.207463 0.171503 0.226504 -0.43024 -0.42542 -0.33579 -0.3002 0.262057 0.661859 0.315164 0.516612 0.703381 1 -0.01615 0.239901 0.093736 0.153684 -0.04974 -0.05399 0.524781 0.667166 0.023208 1 -0.19827 -0.17263 0.759586 0.959006 -0.20456 -0.04214 0.529745 0.28262 0.964729 0.726108
-0.15503 -0.16582 -0.17629 -0.19647 -0.29465 -0.32527 -0.35181 -0.36057 0.360378 0.368037 0.378801 0.336529 -0.22015 -0.26862 -0.29398 -0.3125 -0.05032 -0.09638 -0.21314 -0.21831 0.384513 0.432162 0.448025 0.447299 0.043692 -0.33534 -0.17348 -0.07195 -0.12814 -0.19827 -0.0412 -0.07193 0.320912 0.203973 0.324161 0.597761 -0.08817 -0.37846 -0.08874 -0.19827 1 0.353917 -0.17087 -0.18524 0.328812 -0.05244 -0.0768 -0.14667 -0.17985 -0.30865
-0.19875 -0.24409 -0.24162 -0.21869 -0.04777 -0.13251 -0.20632 -0.27089 0.218117 0.23762 0.267496 0.313991 0.035971 -0.04183 -0.11416 -0.17497 0.215353 0.213061 0.150166 0.0912 0.283211 0.353007 0.391576 0.394731 -0.02292 -0.16707 -0.28638 -0.069 -0.06618 -0.17263 -0.07362 -0.07708 0.362149 0.167949 0.929226 0.348675 -0.09038 -0.18114 -0.13902 -0.17263 0.353917 1 -0.18055 -0.09497 0.23577 0.0932 -0.0763 -0.00673 -0.11183 -0.22203
0.468846 0.457093 0.460886 0.387394 0.291041 0.394653 0.446778 0.528153 -0.42911 -0.44149 -0.42599 -0.33816 0.31505 0.380484 0.434722 0.487269 0.093964 0.121199 -0.00071 0.060347 -0.45465 -0.43752 -0.3683 -0.33067 0.457046 0.460347 0.569001 0.133219 0.157616 0.759586 -0.04247 0.089149 0.0275 0.060111 0.013034 -0.09433 0.144087 0.485863 -0.0262 0.759586 -0.17087 -0.18055 1 0.723564 -0.22787 -0.05231 0.149719 0.220315 0.733588 0.567253
0.459909 0.372515 0.303647 0.224133 0.572484 0.622425 0.613645 0.658483 -0.37779 -0.31302 -0.24144 -0.12667 0.601877 0.649486 0.674865 0.677887 0.202835 0.200666 0.201131 0.257559 -0.3918 -0.37232 -0.29287 -0.24902 0.223084 0.630926 0.29252 0.535237 0.65903 0.959006 -0.03918 0.263848 0.131751 0.141533 0.019003 0.0126 0.542906 0.621288 0.001964 0.959006 -0.18524 -0.09497 0.723564 1 -0.09681 -0.04313 0.549638 0.524172 0.995774 0.714566
-0.00728 -0.00881 0.020517 0.014502 -0.03701 -0.174 -0.28986 -0.37505 0.348384 0.400076 0.456101 0.504298 0.041404 -0.06123 -0.1455 -0.21049 0.42913 0.4028 0.15521 -0.08521 0.176728 0.24783 0.323084 0.42808 -0.05389 -0.17005 -0.2843 -0.0787 -0.06535 -0.20456 -0.02458 -0.09256 0.65057 0.091191 0.154993 0.510657 -0.10775 -0.28431 0.040453 -0.20456 0.328812 0.23577 -0.22787 -0.09681 1 0.102135 -0.08831 0.226845 -0.09747 -0.24308
-0.03821 -0.04841 -0.04349 0.118294 0.2489 0.210807 0.099313 0.001812 0.055139 0.125602 0.083424 0.094029 0.254357 0.18352 0.116622 0.064695 0.227432 0.438279 0.720353 0.197958 -0.02775 -0.08794 -0.05298 0.053204 -0.05179 0.081862 -0.09808 -0.06915 0.024857 -0.04214 -0.0271 -0.06254 0.243944 -0.07576 0.051346 0.000322 -0.07636 0.030788 0.060757 -0.04214 -0.05244 0.0932 -0.05231 -0.04313 0.102135 1 -0.07526 -0.0614 -0.05131 -0.01086
0.10876 0.061104 0.030347 0.002166 0.620152 0.653365 0.624655 0.57932 -0.23153 -0.144 -0.02539 0.069875 0.643502 0.655824 0.649717 0.601095 0.106211 0.174236 0.253453 0.446881 -0.16492 -0.17322 -0.1653 -0.17013 0.03368 0.549282 -0.04081 0.991817 0.288547 0.529745 0.053002 0.418257 0.170662 0.122774 -0.07367 -0.02877 0.993825 0.504321 0.003326 0.529745 -0.0768 -0.0763 0.149719 0.549638 -0.08831 -0.07526 1 0.303503 0.549444 0.419422
0.349638 0.331331 0.224263 0.117908 0.230071 0.22788 0.226972 0.260635 -0.13661 -0.0616 0.015732 0.096839 0.295848 0.30261 0.298861 0.278993 0.173014 -0.01595 0.116087 0.171984 -0.21227 -0.17903 -0.19957 -0.15222 0.003524 0.257266 0.178714 0.287572 0.1118 0.28262 -0.07301 0.226953 0.070839 0.044562 0.057465 0.08852 0.300076 0.201565 -0.03525 0.28262 -0.14667 -0.00673 0.220315 0.524172 0.226845 -0.0614 0.303503 1 0.518237 0.339195
0.49266 0.40601 0.341099 0.266358 0.581151 0.636651 0.633716 0.685594 -0.39871 -0.3337 -0.25867 -0.1468 0.603375 0.655154 0.685089 0.692681 0.192962 0.193185 0.189419 0.247878 -0.43656 -0.41584 -0.33673 -0.29132 0.237467 0.657393 0.327994 0.532854 0.657617 0.964729 -0.03287 0.277128 0.139586 0.17206 0.017698 0.028813 0.544146 0.64259 0.017153 0.964729 -0.17985 -0.11183 0.733588 0.995774 -0.09747 -0.05131 0.549444 0.518237 1 0.737494
0.763975 0.690165 0.597636 0.499053 0.70312 0.775245 0.822844 0.880542 -0.75716 -0.68294 -0.58158 -0.45284 0.706454 0.790653 0.862987 0.915347 0.197668 0.211462 0.256277 0.297594 -0.67066 -0.64433 -0.59587 -0.53875 0.165991 0.888055 0.458549 0.397329 0.455281 0.726108 0.171064 0.277065 -0.0044 0.161998 -0.04722 -0.08666 0.427306 0.899129 0.167271 0.726108 -0.30865 -0.22203 0.567253 0.714566 -0.24308 -0.01086 0.419422 0.339195 0.737494 1
Step 3: Regression Analysis.
31
Step 4: Refinement.
32
Step 5: Summary & Application.
33
Step 5: Summary & Application.
34
Product Enablement.
Poll Questions.
Takeaways.
• Use of “advanced” analysis can uncover useful insight and levers in current and future GAAP
• Use of Loss Emergence Period can be supported by application data or these techniques, but may not be
right for every bank
• Consider the reliability and weaknesses of your analysis and defend judgment within those bounds
• Monitor our release notes at web.sageworks.com/enhancements for continuous updates to the application
37
2016 Risk Management Summit.
38
• Topics include:
» CECL
» Current ALLL best practices
» Stress Testing
• Speakers from CliftonLarsonAllen,
Grant Thornton, Sageworks and more
• sageworks.com/summit
Q&A, Contact Information.
39
GARVER MOORE
Risk Management Consultant
Garver.Moore@sageworks.com
919.851.7474 ext. 2720
BRANDON RUSSELL
ALLL Specialist
Brandon.Russell@sageworks.com
919.851.7474 ext. 2537
Thought leader to help
you navigate changing
regulatory landscape
Responsive service
& support from
product experts
Insight into the best
practices & templates
used at 1,000+ financial
institutions
Eliminate data entry with
the Electronic Tax Return
Reader, core integrations &
credit bureau debt
Integrated platform for the
customer lifecycle
Exclusive benchmarks &
risk models to support
decision-making
Sageworks Advisory Services.
Use Sageworks as a partner and an extension of your team. Leverage industry expertise and market experience for various projects that
arise within your institution.
Services include:
• CECL Transition Assistance
• Analytics Support
• Data Auditing
• Peer Analysis
• Segmentation Analysis
• Qualitative Component Analysis
• Policy and Process Review
• Concentration Reporting
• Stress Testing Board Reports
• Management Reporting
• Staff Enablement
• Board Training
“Sageworks is unlike many of the other financial software providers out
there, who are represented by individuals terrific at navigating through
their products, but have little depth of subject matter expertise beyond that.
Sageworks offers consultants that are truly experts in not only the
intricacies of their products, but also in the associated and underlying
standards, accounting guidance and regulatory requirements. These
consultants have been and continue to be a tremendous resource every step
of the way – from initial product implementation and training to ongoing
support.”
Franklin Synergy Bank
Additional Resources.
• ALLL.com – Everything ALLL, including news articles, whitepapers, and peer discussions
• ALLL Forum for Bankers – LinkedIn group for ALLL news & discussion
• FASB’s CECL Prep Kit - complimentary toolkit, to help you better prepare
• Interested in talking with a specialist?
» Email us now: sales@sageworks.com or consulting@sageworks.com
41
Sageworks ALLL.
Sageworks ALLL gives banks and credit unions a consistent and
defensible allowance for loan and lease losses methodology,
proven to satisfy auditors, examiners and the board.
• Spend 80% less time on your ALLL each quarter
• Partner with the industry leader for CECL
• Reduce manual errors and examiner criticism
• View more solution information
42
THE MOST TRUSTED ALLL SOLUTION IN BANKING
“Previously with Excel, if we
wanted to look at a monthly
interim calculation, we would
have to run the core reports and
manually input them. With
Sageworks, the numbers are
inside the software and
available with just a few clicks of
a button – giving us significant
quarterly time-savings.“
Lugie Brown
Senior Vice President
First American National Bank

Forward-Looking ALLL: Computing Qualitative Adjustments

  • 1.
    Garver Moore Risk ManagementConsultant Sageworks Advisory Services Forward-Looking ALLL: Computing Qualitative Adjustments August 24, 2016 P R E S E N T E D B Y Brandon Russell ALLL Specialist Sageworks
  • 2.
    About the Webinar. 2 •Ask questions throughout the session using the GoToWebinar control panel • We will answer as many questions as we can at the end of the presentation
  • 3.
    About Sageworks. • Riskmanagement thought leader for institutions and examiners • Regularly featured in national and trade media • Origination, Portfolio Administration and Portfolio Risk Management Solutions • More than 1,000 financial institution clients • Founded in 1998 3
  • 4.
    Disclaimer. This presentation mayinclude statements that constitute “forward-looking statements” relative to publicly available industry data. Forward-looking statements often contain words such as “believe,” “expect,” “plans,” “project,” “target,” “anticipate,” “will,” “should,” “see,” “guidance,” “confident” and similar terms. There can be no assurance that any of the future events discussed will occur as anticipated, if at all, or that actual results on the industry will be as expected. Sageworks is not responsible for the accuracy or validity of this publicly available industry data, or the outcome of the use of this data relative to business or investment decisions made by the recipients of this data. Sageworks disclaims all representations and warranties, express or implied. Risks and uncertainties include risks related to the effect of economic conditions and financial market conditions; fluctuation in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. No Sageworks employee is authorized to make recommendations or give advice as to any course of action that should be made as an outcome of this data. The forward-looking statements and data speak only as of the date of this presentation and we undertake no obligation to update or revise this information as of a later date. 4
  • 5.
    About Today’s Presenter. 5 GarverMoore Risk Management Consultant Sageworks Advisory Services Brandon Russell ALLL Specialist Sageworks
  • 6.
    Agenda. • Information versusinsight • Problems in current GAAP • Concept: Loss Emergence Period • Techniques: Regression Analysis • Techniques: Analysis of the Variance • Concept: Confidence Intervals • Objectivizing subjectivity • Case study • Product enablement
  • 7.
  • 8.
    Transitioning to Data-DrivenWorld. • Global headwind (tailwind?) affecting all industries • Each industry is creating its own interpretation of best practices and uses for information • Large institutions are already taking advantage • Alt-lending and emerging players are, too – niche players (for now) • “Big data” isn’t meaningful information • Data = Information: not just bits on a server • Intelligence is *actionable* insight Information Analysis Insights
  • 9.
    Real World Example:Information vs. Insights. 9 35.786234 -78.662548 35.795732 -78.695490 20 2.1 35.785834 -78.662963 35.779972 -78.667196 30 0.6 35.784545 -78.699287 35.772312 -78.719604 65 2.1 35.779522 -78.668100 35.784545 -78.699287 35 1.7 35.795732 -78.695490 35.772312 -78.719604 60 2.4 35.772477 -78.722420 35.763571 -78.726986 35 0.7 35.763574 -78.727006 35.762506 -78.730763 20 0.3 Insight: Take a left on Pullen Road to reach your destination 2.65 minutes faster
  • 10.
    Problems in CurrentGAAP. • Convention dominating reason in low-loss period • Benchmark reserves unsupportable by historical experience • Reaching further and further back to pick up losses • Net recoveries for shorter periods • Directional Consistency traps • No oracles 10
  • 11.
  • 12.
    Concept: Loss EmergencePeriod. 12 Loss Rate (%) Balance Reserve What most institutions think they’re doing What most institutions are actually doing Loss Rate (%) Balance Reserve 1
  • 13.
    Concept: Loss EmergencePeriod. 13 1 yr Loss Emergence Factor: Past Present Future DO NOT ENTER Adverse Event Detection Loss Realized Pre-Emergence period Loss Emergence Period
  • 14.
    Concept: Loss EmergencePeriod. 14 Past Present Future Adverse Event Detection Loss Estimated Still “Incurred”
  • 15.
    Advantages / Drawbacks. Advantages: Faithfulestimate of incurred loss within the bounds of GAAP Useful number to understand and calculate Useful financial bridge to lifetime loss calculation Don’t need to continuously compute Disadvantages: May be greater than one, may be less than one Difficult to un-ring the bell Significant measurement risk in low-loss environments 15
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
    Problem with 3-yearloss rate. 19
  • 20.
    Techniques: Regression Analysis. •“How does a change in unemployment impact my loss experience?” • “What was the impact to my losses when I started writing C&I to a new segment?” • “What is the lead time from an indicator change to a portfolio result?” • “What was the impact of our new management team?” • “How confident am I in my loss experience number?” 20 Information Analysis Insights
  • 21.
  • 22.
    Techniques: Analysis ofthe Variance (ANOVA). 22 • Quantify the impact of different “Eras” • Quantify the impact of different segmentations • Test for significance
  • 23.
    Thought Experiment: RocketBank. • Rocket Bank has a single analysis and business segment: C&I loans with NAICS code X212221 » Mining asteroids for gold » Experimental technologies: about 10% of rockets will fail to orbit (default) » Secured by existing gold stocks and exotic insurance products – about 15% of a loan is exposed to default risk » Extraordinarily well capitalized; inexhaustible supply of loans • You enter this space: think of your portfolio loans as a “sample” » What if you win 10 loans of their business? 50? 500? • Knowing a priori the “platonic” default rate and LGD for these kinds of loans, let us examine how your portfolio size changes your certainty in calculating your own experience in X212221 lending
  • 24.
    Concept: Confidence Intervals. 24 Documentingreliability in measurement -4.00% -2.00% 0.00% 2.00% 4.00% 6.00% 8.00% 10.00% 12.00% 1 10 100 1000 10000 The reliability of a measurement (e.g., Loss Rates or PD) scales with how that measurement is conducted.
  • 25.
    Confidence Intervals 101. •There’s a huge difference between reserving $15,000,000 +/- $1,000,000 on a $1B portfolio and $15,000,000 +/- $5,000,000 on the same portfolio • 80, 90, 95% confidence intervals – an illustrative concept • Key driver: sample size – number of credits, number of observations. Management should know, understand, and use this information! (Arguably, shareholders, too) • Consider co-performance of credits in a segment • Uncertainty shows up in number of PLLL transactions, or “surprise” PLLL transactions, reactivity
  • 26.
    Tools. • Excel DataAnalysisPak (Older versions) • First-class feature in Excel ‘16 • www.r-project.org • Anaconda (continuum.io) 26
  • 27.
    Minimize Subjective Vulnerabilities. Alesson from security risk management concepts: • Attack surface concept as applied to banking risk management processes: » Understand how much of your calculation is vulnerable to criticism – Map your attack surface to identify high-risk areas of your examined practices » Use information and documentation to cover these subjective areas of your calculations » Defending your attack surface decreases your compliance and model risk Attack Surface
  • 28.
    Case Study: QuantitativeAnalysis for Qualitative Drivers. • $500MM – $1 B in loans • Consistent, conservative approach • Active, growing CRE segment • Two main regions of operation • Consistent governance
  • 29.
    Step 1: ApplyIntuition. 29 • What are my correlates? What do I suspect might drive my loss experience? • Certainly, regional macroeconomic indicators • Internal indicators • Indicators for boutique segments or regional exposure (snowfall for mountain communities, spot prices for ag, etc.)
  • 30.
    Step 2: Getthe lay of the land (Correlation Analysis). 30 1 0.951703 0.875918 0.812415 0.590294 0.615976 0.642744 0.674873 0.462244 0.474898 0.487928 0.501183 0.150649 0.176953 0.20277 0.228824 -0.10808 -0.101 -0.087 -0.08633 -0.48862 -0.50018 -0.50041 -0.4927 0.191453 0.641347 0.60658 0.065434 0.200392 0.437867 0.187977 0.321501 0.182108 0.227831 0.02901 0.210586 0.135496 0.595674 0.229409 0.437867 -0.15503 -0.19875 0.468846 0.459909 -0.00728 -0.03821 0.10876 0.349638 0.49266 0.763975 0.951703 1 0.951703 0.875918 0.574834 0.590294 0.615976 0.642744 0.449815 0.462244 0.474898 0.487928 0.124842 0.150649 0.176953 0.20277 -0.06202 -0.10808 -0.101 -0.087 -0.48323 -0.48862 -0.50018 -0.50041 0.300818 0.606995 0.648213 0.019086 0.075473 0.351816 0.196493 0.273804 0.167911 0.258348 0.00122 0.117485 0.079869 0.55381 0.188914 0.351816 -0.16582 -0.24409 0.457093 0.372515 -0.00881 -0.04841 0.061104 0.331331 0.40601 0.690165 0.875918 0.951703 1 0.951703 0.569034 0.574834 0.590294 0.615976 0.439019 0.449815 0.462244 0.474898 0.106186 0.124842 0.150649 0.176953 -0.02462 -0.06202 -0.10808 -0.101 -0.48477 -0.48323 -0.48862 -0.50018 0.335989 0.56676 0.670999 -0.00643 0.010984 0.311258 0.171565 0.217442 0.251982 0.268228 0.012419 0.090269 0.044528 0.505939 0.24204 0.311258 -0.17629 -0.24162 0.460886 0.303647 0.020517 -0.04349 0.030347 0.224263 0.341099 0.597636 0.812415 0.875918 0.951703 1 0.564811 0.569034 0.574834 0.590294 0.429243 0.439019 0.449815 0.462244 0.095795 0.106186 0.124842 0.150649 -0.04302 -0.02462 -0.06202 -0.10808 -0.48544 -0.48477 -0.48323 -0.48862 0.315151 0.541918 0.641322 -0.02242 0.011987 0.258549 0.235851 0.121635 0.320713 0.291989 0.028783 0.076835 0.009667 0.472465 0.266611 0.258549 -0.19647 -0.21869 0.387394 0.224133 0.014502 0.118294 0.002166 0.117908 0.266358 0.499053 0.590294 0.574834 0.569034 0.564811 1 0.975431 0.931172 0.878244 0.436142 0.458214 0.48249 0.506558 0.508244 0.496213 0.476258 0.446433 0.07415 0.152131 0.209348 0.260719 -0.64019 -0.62397 -0.602 -0.57671 0.054411 0.888768 0.128859 0.597184 0.422468 0.582034 0.040537 0.384413 0.327841 0.246887 0.026543 -0.016 0.629897 0.840016 0.277074 0.582034 -0.29465 -0.04777 0.291041 0.572484 -0.03701 0.2489 0.620152 0.230071 0.581151 0.70312 0.615976 0.590294 0.574834 0.569034 0.975431 1 0.975431 0.931172 0.428155 0.436142 0.458214 0.48249 0.498895 0.508244 0.496213 0.476258 -0.00242 0.07415 0.152131 0.209348 -0.65083 -0.64019 -0.62397 -0.602 0.118011 0.930042 0.216893 0.631828 0.404771 0.648407 0.056478 0.373963 0.22551 0.227636 -0.03202 -0.05032 0.661858 0.896425 0.245142 0.648407 -0.32527 -0.13251 0.394653 0.622425 -0.174 0.210807 0.653365 0.22788 0.636651 0.775245 0.642744 0.615976 0.590294 0.574834 0.931172 0.975431 1 0.975431 0.417546 0.428155 0.436142 0.458214 0.472796 0.498895 0.508244 0.496213 -0.08702 -0.00242 0.07415 0.152131 -0.67489 -0.65083 -0.64019 -0.62397 0.124321 0.947471 0.310015 0.603842 0.358253 0.650222 0.105062 0.356987 0.102819 0.163781 -0.08381 -0.1113 0.634699 0.934862 0.225236 0.650222 -0.35181 -0.20632 0.446778 0.613645 -0.28986 0.099313 0.624655 0.226972 0.633716 0.822844 0.674873 0.642744 0.615976 0.590294 0.878244 0.931172 0.975431 1 0.405871 0.417546 0.428155 0.436142 0.434612 0.472796 0.498895 0.508244 -0.1416 -0.08702 -0.00242 0.07415 -0.68717 -0.67489 -0.65083 -0.64019 0.165865 0.933889 0.410498 0.555106 0.379563 0.701535 0.159633 0.357562 -0.00738 0.125623 -0.1206 -0.14796 0.590939 0.944725 0.202342 0.701535 -0.36057 -0.27089 0.528153 0.658483 -0.37505 0.001812 0.57932 0.260635 0.685594 0.880542 0.462244 0.449815 0.439019 0.429243 0.436142 0.428155 0.417546 0.405871 1 0.999325 0.998366 0.997106 -0.44461 -0.46407 -0.48308 -0.50069 0.017275 0.015176 0.009509 0.002978 -0.82289 -0.82012 -0.8175 -0.81483 -0.13247 -0.64684 -0.55507 -0.20181 -0.14225 -0.41795 -0.23526 -0.27756 0.059737 -0.19368 0.011653 0.246966 -0.25248 -0.72805 -0.24164 -0.41795 0.360378 0.218117 -0.42911 -0.37779 0.348384 0.055139 -0.23153 -0.13661 -0.39871 -0.75716 0.474898 0.462244 0.449815 0.439019 0.458214 0.436142 0.428155 0.417546 0.999325 1 0.999325 0.998366 -0.41886 -0.44461 -0.46407 -0.48308 0.011456 0.017275 0.015176 0.009509 -0.82693 -0.82289 -0.82012 -0.8175 -0.17062 -0.53911 -0.53865 -0.122 -0.08501 -0.37028 -0.19604 -0.18169 0.161471 -0.13253 0.044524 0.288272 -0.15972 -0.63822 -0.22721 -0.37028 0.368037 0.23762 -0.44149 -0.31302 0.400076 0.125602 -0.144 -0.0616 -0.3337 -0.68294 0.487928 0.474898 0.462244 0.449815 0.48249 0.458214 0.436142 0.428155 0.998366 0.999325 1 0.999325 -0.39175 -0.41886 -0.44461 -0.46407 0.017498 0.011456 0.017275 0.015176 -0.82958 -0.82693 -0.82289 -0.82012 -0.16274 -0.40041 -0.55764 -0.01548 -0.06345 -0.31438 -0.13991 -0.05118 0.263595 -0.06475 0.077075 0.379872 -0.03479 -0.51414 -0.14045 -0.31438 0.378801 0.267496 -0.42599 -0.24144 0.456101 0.083424 -0.02539 0.015732 -0.25867 -0.58158 0.501183 0.487928 0.474898 0.462244 0.506558 0.48249 0.458214 0.436142 0.997106 0.998366 0.999325 1 -0.36449 -0.39175 -0.41886 -0.44461 0.02567 0.017498 0.011456 0.017275 -0.83383 -0.82958 -0.82693 -0.82289 -0.11639 -0.24521 -0.52753 0.075513 -0.03557 -0.21725 -0.14878 0.006119 0.35909 -0.0514 0.135187 0.42667 0.060014 -0.37159 -0.09817 -0.21725 0.336529 0.313991 -0.33816 -0.12667 0.504298 0.094029 0.069875 0.096839 -0.1468 -0.45284 0.150649 0.124842 0.106186 0.095795 0.508244 0.498895 0.472796 0.434612 -0.44461 -0.41886 -0.39175 -0.36449 1 0.99321 0.973511 0.940783 -0.01864 0.064065 0.127182 0.1548 0.133861 0.162078 0.196788 0.233426 0.050079 0.870451 0.08067 0.622788 0.377521 0.581198 0.075849 0.377194 0.418163 0.146464 0.081488 0.081209 0.649154 0.799199 0.150397 0.581198 -0.22015 0.035971 0.31505 0.601877 0.041404 0.254357 0.643502 0.295848 0.603375 0.706454 0.176953 0.150649 0.124842 0.106186 0.496213 0.508244 0.498895 0.472796 -0.46407 -0.44461 -0.41886 -0.39175 0.99321 1 0.99321 0.973511 -0.08591 -0.01864 0.064065 0.127182 0.11387 0.133861 0.162078 0.196788 0.083111 0.921756 0.16985 0.632012 0.406192 0.641813 0.099588 0.398175 0.32174 0.14596 0.032692 0.019241 0.664049 0.871157 0.158465 0.641813 -0.26862 -0.04183 0.380484 0.649486 -0.06123 0.18352 0.655824 0.30261 0.655154 0.790653 0.20277 0.176953 0.150649 0.124842 0.476258 0.496213 0.508244 0.498895 -0.48308 -0.46407 -0.44461 -0.41886 0.973511 0.99321 1 0.99321 -0.13789 -0.08591 -0.01864 0.064065 0.08268 0.11387 0.133861 0.162078 0.109703 0.952653 0.260254 0.625326 0.4155 0.680149 0.13084 0.395167 0.235485 0.168052 -0.00728 -0.02988 0.658593 0.92273 0.173712 0.680149 -0.29398 -0.11416 0.434722 0.674865 -0.1455 0.116622 0.649717 0.298861 0.685089 0.862987 0.228824 0.20277 0.176953 0.150649 0.446433 0.476258 0.496213 0.508244 -0.50069 -0.48308 -0.46407 -0.44461 0.940783 0.973511 0.99321 1 -0.18327 -0.13789 -0.08591 -0.01864 0.055394 0.08268 0.11387 0.133861 0.141063 0.963436 0.353929 0.575988 0.40826 0.696716 0.16063 0.376757 0.161347 0.177353 -0.03633 -0.05618 0.611261 0.953551 0.205347 0.696716 -0.3125 -0.17497 0.487269 0.677887 -0.21049 0.064695 0.601095 0.278993 0.692681 0.915347 -0.10808 -0.06202 -0.02462 -0.04302 0.07415 -0.00242 -0.08702 -0.1416 0.017275 0.011456 0.017498 0.02567 -0.01864 -0.08591 -0.13789 -0.18327 1 0.710852 0.518818 0.415231 0.013667 0.062188 0.095039 0.088966 0.062901 0.294515 -0.12553 0.101266 0.112446 0.148821 0.012448 0.063109 0.579972 0.181187 0.198184 0.195747 0.09484 0.180108 0.106938 0.148821 -0.05032 0.215353 0.093964 0.202835 0.42913 0.227432 0.106211 0.173014 0.192962 0.197668 -0.101 -0.10808 -0.06202 -0.02462 0.152131 0.07415 -0.00242 -0.08702 0.015176 0.017275 0.011456 0.017498 0.064065 -0.01864 -0.08591 -0.13789 0.710852 1 0.710852 0.518818 -0.0174 0.013667 0.062188 0.095039 0.076176 0.375984 -0.06837 0.176538 0.156865 0.207463 -0.03673 0.032174 0.655484 0.0176 0.193188 0.120619 0.163573 0.277735 0.12821 0.207463 -0.09638 0.213061 0.121199 0.200666 0.4028 0.438279 0.174236 -0.01595 0.193185 0.211462 -0.087 -0.101 -0.10808 -0.06202 0.209348 0.152131 0.07415 -0.00242 0.009509 0.015176 0.017275 0.011456 0.127182 0.064065 -0.01864 -0.08591 0.518818 0.710852 1 0.710852 -0.00058 -0.0174 0.013667 0.062188 -0.0983 0.414408 -0.04406 0.241398 0.184899 0.171503 0.162912 0.199524 0.463507 -0.0227 0.132935 0.023327 0.262572 0.332336 0.029942 0.171503 -0.21314 0.150166 -0.00071 0.201131 0.15521 0.720353 0.253453 0.116087 0.189419 0.256277 -0.08633 -0.087 -0.101 -0.10808 0.260719 0.209348 0.152131 0.07415 0.002978 0.009509 0.015176 0.017275 0.1548 0.127182 0.064065 -0.01864 0.415231 0.518818 0.710852 1 -0.0063 -0.00058 -0.0174 0.013667 -0.04427 0.473673 -0.06284 0.420934 0.111119 0.226504 0.167632 0.361798 0.268516 0.054451 0.077872 -0.05107 0.46425 0.415955 -0.00452 0.226504 -0.21831 0.0912 0.060347 0.257559 -0.08521 0.197958 0.446881 0.171984 0.247878 0.297594 -0.48862 -0.48323 -0.48477 -0.48544 -0.64019 -0.65083 -0.67489 -0.68717 -0.82289 -0.82693 -0.82958 -0.83383 0.133861 0.11387 0.08268 0.055394 0.013667 -0.0174 -0.00058 -0.0063 1 0.982976 0.958306 0.937242 -0.22582 -0.6749 -0.60922 -0.13697 -0.17262 -0.43024 -0.19031 -0.22255 -0.14873 -0.2308 0.054274 0.047518 -0.17964 -0.60427 -0.18927 -0.43024 0.384513 0.283211 -0.45465 -0.3918 0.176728 -0.02775 -0.16492 -0.21227 -0.43656 -0.67066 -0.50018 -0.48862 -0.48323 -0.48477 -0.62397 -0.64019 -0.65083 -0.67489 -0.82012 -0.82289 -0.82693 -0.82958 0.162078 0.133861 0.11387 0.08268 0.062188 0.013667 -0.0174 -0.00058 0.982976 1 0.982976 0.958306 -0.24141 -0.64458 -0.61954 -0.14961 -0.18052 -0.42542 -0.17272 -0.1908 -0.0533 -0.20593 0.123999 0.179038 -0.18509 -0.59178 -0.16604 -0.42542 0.432162 0.353007 -0.43752 -0.37232 0.24783 -0.08794 -0.17322 -0.17903 -0.41584 -0.64433 -0.50041 -0.50018 -0.48862 -0.48323 -0.602 -0.62397 -0.64019 -0.65083 -0.8175 -0.82012 -0.82289 -0.82693 0.196788 0.162078 0.133861 0.11387 0.095039 0.062188 0.013667 -0.0174 0.958306 0.982976 1 0.982976 -0.20931 -0.59229 -0.6262 -0.13397 -0.09774 -0.33579 -0.16807 -0.25063 0.06136 -0.23105 0.157141 0.252242 -0.18482 -0.55662 -0.15854 -0.33579 0.448025 0.391576 -0.3683 -0.29287 0.323084 -0.05298 -0.1653 -0.19957 -0.33673 -0.59587 -0.4927 -0.50041 -0.50018 -0.48862 -0.57671 -0.602 -0.62397 -0.64019 -0.81483 -0.8175 -0.82012 -0.82289 0.233426 0.196788 0.162078 0.133861 0.088966 0.095039 0.062188 0.013667 0.937242 0.958306 0.982976 1 -0.2138 -0.53624 -0.58865 -0.136 -0.07366 -0.3002 -0.14885 -0.27211 0.15187 -0.22609 0.173215 0.267913 -0.19378 -0.51893 -0.22302 -0.3002 0.447299 0.394731 -0.33067 -0.24902 0.42808 0.053204 -0.17013 -0.15222 -0.29132 -0.53875 0.191453 0.300818 0.335989 0.315151 0.054411 0.118011 0.124321 0.165865 -0.13247 -0.17062 -0.16274 -0.11639 0.050079 0.083111 0.109703 0.141063 0.062901 0.076176 -0.0983 -0.04427 -0.22582 -0.24141 -0.20931 -0.2138 1 0.148015 0.21173 0.001238 -0.0706 0.262057 -0.05116 0.061025 0.000932 0.013771 0.048028 0.010658 0.016496 0.148698 -0.04998 0.262057 0.043692 -0.02292 0.457046 0.223084 -0.05389 -0.05179 0.03368 0.003524 0.237467 0.165991 0.641347 0.606995 0.56676 0.541918 0.888768 0.930042 0.947471 0.933889 -0.64684 -0.53911 -0.40041 -0.24521 0.870451 0.921756 0.952653 0.963436 0.294515 0.375984 0.414408 0.473673 -0.6749 -0.64458 -0.59229 -0.53624 0.148015 1 0.349924 0.533191 0.402775 0.661859 0.150243 0.290351 0.200951 0.189116 -0.02818 -0.02593 0.551389 0.967644 0.226631 0.661859 -0.33534 -0.16707 0.460347 0.630926 -0.17005 0.081862 0.549282 0.257266 0.657393 0.888055 0.60658 0.648213 0.670999 0.641322 0.128859 0.216893 0.310015 0.410498 -0.55507 -0.53865 -0.55764 -0.52753 0.08067 0.16985 0.260254 0.353929 -0.12553 -0.06837 -0.04406 -0.06284 -0.60922 -0.61954 -0.6262 -0.58865 0.21173 0.349924 1 -0.07785 -0.07614 0.315164 0.207355 0.217026 -0.00936 0.209564 0.067433 -0.06188 -0.01301 0.366556 0.076585 0.315164 -0.17348 -0.28638 0.569001 0.29252 -0.2843 -0.09808 -0.04081 0.178714 0.327994 0.458549 0.065434 0.019086 -0.00643 -0.02242 0.597184 0.631828 0.603842 0.555106 -0.20181 -0.122 -0.01548 0.075513 0.622788 0.632012 0.625326 0.575988 0.101266 0.176538 0.241398 0.420934 -0.13697 -0.14961 -0.13397 -0.136 0.001238 0.533191 -0.07785 1 0.288187 0.516612 0.046755 0.301256 0.166679 0.118021 -0.07908 -0.04118 0.973082 0.490659 -0.03937 0.516612 -0.07195 -0.069 0.133219 0.535237 -0.0787 -0.06915 0.991817 0.287572 0.532854 0.397329 0.200392 0.075473 0.010984 0.011987 0.422468 0.404771 0.358253 0.379563 -0.14225 -0.08501 -0.06345 -0.03557 0.377521 0.406192 0.4155 0.40826 0.112446 0.156865 0.184899 0.111119 -0.17262 -0.18052 -0.09774 -0.07366 -0.0706 0.402775 -0.07614 0.288187 1 0.703381 -0.05123 0.121203 0.049908 0.157395 -0.07055 0.025952 0.288879 0.405475 0.074587 0.703381 -0.12814 -0.06618 0.157616 0.65903 -0.06535 0.024857 0.288547 0.1118 0.657617 0.455281 0.437867 0.351816 0.311258 0.258549 0.582034 0.648407 0.650222 0.701535 -0.41795 -0.37028 -0.31438 -0.21725 0.581198 0.641813 0.680149 0.696716 0.148821 0.207463 0.171503 0.226504 -0.43024 -0.42542 -0.33579 -0.3002 0.262057 0.661859 0.315164 0.516612 0.703381 1 -0.01615 0.239901 0.093736 0.153684 -0.04974 -0.05399 0.524781 0.667166 0.023208 1 -0.19827 -0.17263 0.759586 0.959006 -0.20456 -0.04214 0.529745 0.28262 0.964729 0.726108 0.187977 0.196493 0.171565 0.235851 0.040537 0.056478 0.105062 0.159633 -0.23526 -0.19604 -0.13991 -0.14878 0.075849 0.099588 0.13084 0.16063 0.012448 -0.03673 0.162912 0.167632 -0.19031 -0.17272 -0.16807 -0.14885 -0.05116 0.150243 0.207355 0.046755 -0.05123 -0.01615 1 0.074883 0.085925 -0.0665 -0.01463 0.024096 0.061325 0.166699 -0.00305 -0.01615 -0.0412 -0.07362 -0.04247 -0.03918 -0.02458 -0.0271 0.053002 -0.07301 -0.03287 0.171064 0.321501 0.273804 0.217442 0.121635 0.384413 0.373963 0.356987 0.357562 -0.27756 -0.18169 -0.05118 0.006119 0.377194 0.398175 0.395167 0.376757 0.063109 0.032174 0.199524 0.361798 -0.22255 -0.1908 -0.25063 -0.27211 0.061025 0.290351 0.217026 0.301256 0.121203 0.239901 0.074883 1 0.09128 0.07703 0.003802 0.078545 0.51149 0.255998 0.324208 0.239901 -0.07193 -0.07708 0.089149 0.263848 -0.09256 -0.06254 0.418257 0.226953 0.277128 0.277065 0.182108 0.167911 0.251982 0.320713 0.327841 0.22551 0.102819 -0.00738 0.059737 0.161471 0.263595 0.35909 0.418163 0.32174 0.235485 0.161347 0.579972 0.655484 0.463507 0.268516 -0.14873 -0.0533 0.06136 0.15187 0.000932 0.200951 -0.00936 0.166679 0.049908 0.093736 0.085925 0.09128 1 0.294981 0.397914 0.573784 0.163699 0.054479 0.091618 0.093736 0.320912 0.362149 0.0275 0.131751 0.65057 0.243944 0.170662 0.070839 0.139586 -0.0044 0.227831 0.258348 0.268228 0.291989 0.246887 0.227636 0.163781 0.125623 -0.19368 -0.13253 -0.06475 -0.0514 0.146464 0.14596 0.168052 0.177353 0.181187 0.0176 -0.0227 0.054451 -0.2308 -0.20593 -0.23105 -0.22609 0.013771 0.189116 0.209564 0.118021 0.157395 0.153684 -0.0665 0.07703 0.294981 1 0.367182 0.264834 0.118992 0.127748 0.160971 0.153684 0.203973 0.167949 0.060111 0.141533 0.091191 -0.07576 0.122774 0.044562 0.17206 0.161998 0.02901 0.00122 0.012419 0.028783 0.026543 -0.03202 -0.08381 -0.1206 0.011653 0.044524 0.077075 0.135187 0.081488 0.032692 -0.00728 -0.03633 0.198184 0.193188 0.132935 0.077872 0.054274 0.123999 0.157141 0.173215 0.048028 -0.02818 0.067433 -0.07908 -0.07055 -0.04974 -0.01463 0.003802 0.397914 0.367182 1 0.363344 -0.07917 -0.04484 -0.09307 -0.04974 0.324161 0.929226 0.013034 0.019003 0.154993 0.051346 -0.07367 0.057465 0.017698 -0.04722 0.210586 0.117485 0.090269 0.076835 -0.016 -0.05032 -0.1113 -0.14796 0.246966 0.288272 0.379872 0.42667 0.081209 0.019241 -0.02988 -0.05618 0.195747 0.120619 0.023327 -0.05107 0.047518 0.179038 0.252242 0.267913 0.010658 -0.02593 -0.06188 -0.04118 0.025952 -0.05399 0.024096 0.078545 0.573784 0.264834 0.363344 1 -0.02382 -0.13212 0.198132 -0.05399 0.597761 0.348675 -0.09433 0.0126 0.510657 0.000322 -0.02877 0.08852 0.028813 -0.08666 0.135496 0.079869 0.044528 0.009667 0.629897 0.661858 0.634699 0.590939 -0.25248 -0.15972 -0.03479 0.060014 0.649154 0.664049 0.658593 0.611261 0.09484 0.163573 0.262572 0.46425 -0.17964 -0.18509 -0.18482 -0.19378 0.016496 0.551389 -0.01301 0.973082 0.288879 0.524781 0.061325 0.51149 0.163699 0.118992 -0.07917 -0.02382 1 0.506873 0.045723 0.524781 -0.08817 -0.09038 0.144087 0.542906 -0.10775 -0.07636 0.993825 0.300076 0.544146 0.427306 0.595674 0.55381 0.505939 0.472465 0.840016 0.896425 0.934862 0.944725 -0.72805 -0.63822 -0.51414 -0.37159 0.799199 0.871157 0.92273 0.953551 0.180108 0.277735 0.332336 0.415955 -0.60427 -0.59178 -0.55662 -0.51893 0.148698 0.967644 0.366556 0.490659 0.405475 0.667166 0.166699 0.255998 0.054479 0.127748 -0.04484 -0.13212 0.506873 1 0.224512 0.667166 -0.37846 -0.18114 0.485863 0.621288 -0.28431 0.030788 0.504321 0.201565 0.64259 0.899129 0.229409 0.188914 0.24204 0.266611 0.277074 0.245142 0.225236 0.202342 -0.24164 -0.22721 -0.14045 -0.09817 0.150397 0.158465 0.173712 0.205347 0.106938 0.12821 0.029942 -0.00452 -0.18927 -0.16604 -0.15854 -0.22302 -0.04998 0.226631 0.076585 -0.03937 0.074587 0.023208 -0.00305 0.324208 0.091618 0.160971 -0.09307 0.198132 0.045723 0.224512 1 0.023208 -0.08874 -0.13902 -0.0262 0.001964 0.040453 0.060757 0.003326 -0.03525 0.017153 0.167271 0.437867 0.351816 0.311258 0.258549 0.582034 0.648407 0.650222 0.701535 -0.41795 -0.37028 -0.31438 -0.21725 0.581198 0.641813 0.680149 0.696716 0.148821 0.207463 0.171503 0.226504 -0.43024 -0.42542 -0.33579 -0.3002 0.262057 0.661859 0.315164 0.516612 0.703381 1 -0.01615 0.239901 0.093736 0.153684 -0.04974 -0.05399 0.524781 0.667166 0.023208 1 -0.19827 -0.17263 0.759586 0.959006 -0.20456 -0.04214 0.529745 0.28262 0.964729 0.726108 -0.15503 -0.16582 -0.17629 -0.19647 -0.29465 -0.32527 -0.35181 -0.36057 0.360378 0.368037 0.378801 0.336529 -0.22015 -0.26862 -0.29398 -0.3125 -0.05032 -0.09638 -0.21314 -0.21831 0.384513 0.432162 0.448025 0.447299 0.043692 -0.33534 -0.17348 -0.07195 -0.12814 -0.19827 -0.0412 -0.07193 0.320912 0.203973 0.324161 0.597761 -0.08817 -0.37846 -0.08874 -0.19827 1 0.353917 -0.17087 -0.18524 0.328812 -0.05244 -0.0768 -0.14667 -0.17985 -0.30865 -0.19875 -0.24409 -0.24162 -0.21869 -0.04777 -0.13251 -0.20632 -0.27089 0.218117 0.23762 0.267496 0.313991 0.035971 -0.04183 -0.11416 -0.17497 0.215353 0.213061 0.150166 0.0912 0.283211 0.353007 0.391576 0.394731 -0.02292 -0.16707 -0.28638 -0.069 -0.06618 -0.17263 -0.07362 -0.07708 0.362149 0.167949 0.929226 0.348675 -0.09038 -0.18114 -0.13902 -0.17263 0.353917 1 -0.18055 -0.09497 0.23577 0.0932 -0.0763 -0.00673 -0.11183 -0.22203 0.468846 0.457093 0.460886 0.387394 0.291041 0.394653 0.446778 0.528153 -0.42911 -0.44149 -0.42599 -0.33816 0.31505 0.380484 0.434722 0.487269 0.093964 0.121199 -0.00071 0.060347 -0.45465 -0.43752 -0.3683 -0.33067 0.457046 0.460347 0.569001 0.133219 0.157616 0.759586 -0.04247 0.089149 0.0275 0.060111 0.013034 -0.09433 0.144087 0.485863 -0.0262 0.759586 -0.17087 -0.18055 1 0.723564 -0.22787 -0.05231 0.149719 0.220315 0.733588 0.567253 0.459909 0.372515 0.303647 0.224133 0.572484 0.622425 0.613645 0.658483 -0.37779 -0.31302 -0.24144 -0.12667 0.601877 0.649486 0.674865 0.677887 0.202835 0.200666 0.201131 0.257559 -0.3918 -0.37232 -0.29287 -0.24902 0.223084 0.630926 0.29252 0.535237 0.65903 0.959006 -0.03918 0.263848 0.131751 0.141533 0.019003 0.0126 0.542906 0.621288 0.001964 0.959006 -0.18524 -0.09497 0.723564 1 -0.09681 -0.04313 0.549638 0.524172 0.995774 0.714566 -0.00728 -0.00881 0.020517 0.014502 -0.03701 -0.174 -0.28986 -0.37505 0.348384 0.400076 0.456101 0.504298 0.041404 -0.06123 -0.1455 -0.21049 0.42913 0.4028 0.15521 -0.08521 0.176728 0.24783 0.323084 0.42808 -0.05389 -0.17005 -0.2843 -0.0787 -0.06535 -0.20456 -0.02458 -0.09256 0.65057 0.091191 0.154993 0.510657 -0.10775 -0.28431 0.040453 -0.20456 0.328812 0.23577 -0.22787 -0.09681 1 0.102135 -0.08831 0.226845 -0.09747 -0.24308 -0.03821 -0.04841 -0.04349 0.118294 0.2489 0.210807 0.099313 0.001812 0.055139 0.125602 0.083424 0.094029 0.254357 0.18352 0.116622 0.064695 0.227432 0.438279 0.720353 0.197958 -0.02775 -0.08794 -0.05298 0.053204 -0.05179 0.081862 -0.09808 -0.06915 0.024857 -0.04214 -0.0271 -0.06254 0.243944 -0.07576 0.051346 0.000322 -0.07636 0.030788 0.060757 -0.04214 -0.05244 0.0932 -0.05231 -0.04313 0.102135 1 -0.07526 -0.0614 -0.05131 -0.01086 0.10876 0.061104 0.030347 0.002166 0.620152 0.653365 0.624655 0.57932 -0.23153 -0.144 -0.02539 0.069875 0.643502 0.655824 0.649717 0.601095 0.106211 0.174236 0.253453 0.446881 -0.16492 -0.17322 -0.1653 -0.17013 0.03368 0.549282 -0.04081 0.991817 0.288547 0.529745 0.053002 0.418257 0.170662 0.122774 -0.07367 -0.02877 0.993825 0.504321 0.003326 0.529745 -0.0768 -0.0763 0.149719 0.549638 -0.08831 -0.07526 1 0.303503 0.549444 0.419422 0.349638 0.331331 0.224263 0.117908 0.230071 0.22788 0.226972 0.260635 -0.13661 -0.0616 0.015732 0.096839 0.295848 0.30261 0.298861 0.278993 0.173014 -0.01595 0.116087 0.171984 -0.21227 -0.17903 -0.19957 -0.15222 0.003524 0.257266 0.178714 0.287572 0.1118 0.28262 -0.07301 0.226953 0.070839 0.044562 0.057465 0.08852 0.300076 0.201565 -0.03525 0.28262 -0.14667 -0.00673 0.220315 0.524172 0.226845 -0.0614 0.303503 1 0.518237 0.339195 0.49266 0.40601 0.341099 0.266358 0.581151 0.636651 0.633716 0.685594 -0.39871 -0.3337 -0.25867 -0.1468 0.603375 0.655154 0.685089 0.692681 0.192962 0.193185 0.189419 0.247878 -0.43656 -0.41584 -0.33673 -0.29132 0.237467 0.657393 0.327994 0.532854 0.657617 0.964729 -0.03287 0.277128 0.139586 0.17206 0.017698 0.028813 0.544146 0.64259 0.017153 0.964729 -0.17985 -0.11183 0.733588 0.995774 -0.09747 -0.05131 0.549444 0.518237 1 0.737494 0.763975 0.690165 0.597636 0.499053 0.70312 0.775245 0.822844 0.880542 -0.75716 -0.68294 -0.58158 -0.45284 0.706454 0.790653 0.862987 0.915347 0.197668 0.211462 0.256277 0.297594 -0.67066 -0.64433 -0.59587 -0.53875 0.165991 0.888055 0.458549 0.397329 0.455281 0.726108 0.171064 0.277065 -0.0044 0.161998 -0.04722 -0.08666 0.427306 0.899129 0.167271 0.726108 -0.30865 -0.22203 0.567253 0.714566 -0.24308 -0.01086 0.419422 0.339195 0.737494 1
  • 31.
    Step 3: RegressionAnalysis. 31
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    Step 5: Summary& Application. 33
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    Step 5: Summary& Application. 34
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  • 36.
  • 37.
    Takeaways. • Use of“advanced” analysis can uncover useful insight and levers in current and future GAAP • Use of Loss Emergence Period can be supported by application data or these techniques, but may not be right for every bank • Consider the reliability and weaknesses of your analysis and defend judgment within those bounds • Monitor our release notes at web.sageworks.com/enhancements for continuous updates to the application 37
  • 38.
    2016 Risk ManagementSummit. 38 • Topics include: » CECL » Current ALLL best practices » Stress Testing • Speakers from CliftonLarsonAllen, Grant Thornton, Sageworks and more • sageworks.com/summit
  • 39.
    Q&A, Contact Information. 39 GARVERMOORE Risk Management Consultant Garver.Moore@sageworks.com 919.851.7474 ext. 2720 BRANDON RUSSELL ALLL Specialist Brandon.Russell@sageworks.com 919.851.7474 ext. 2537 Thought leader to help you navigate changing regulatory landscape Responsive service & support from product experts Insight into the best practices & templates used at 1,000+ financial institutions Eliminate data entry with the Electronic Tax Return Reader, core integrations & credit bureau debt Integrated platform for the customer lifecycle Exclusive benchmarks & risk models to support decision-making
  • 40.
    Sageworks Advisory Services. UseSageworks as a partner and an extension of your team. Leverage industry expertise and market experience for various projects that arise within your institution. Services include: • CECL Transition Assistance • Analytics Support • Data Auditing • Peer Analysis • Segmentation Analysis • Qualitative Component Analysis • Policy and Process Review • Concentration Reporting • Stress Testing Board Reports • Management Reporting • Staff Enablement • Board Training “Sageworks is unlike many of the other financial software providers out there, who are represented by individuals terrific at navigating through their products, but have little depth of subject matter expertise beyond that. Sageworks offers consultants that are truly experts in not only the intricacies of their products, but also in the associated and underlying standards, accounting guidance and regulatory requirements. These consultants have been and continue to be a tremendous resource every step of the way – from initial product implementation and training to ongoing support.” Franklin Synergy Bank
  • 41.
    Additional Resources. • ALLL.com– Everything ALLL, including news articles, whitepapers, and peer discussions • ALLL Forum for Bankers – LinkedIn group for ALLL news & discussion • FASB’s CECL Prep Kit - complimentary toolkit, to help you better prepare • Interested in talking with a specialist? » Email us now: sales@sageworks.com or consulting@sageworks.com 41
  • 42.
    Sageworks ALLL. Sageworks ALLLgives banks and credit unions a consistent and defensible allowance for loan and lease losses methodology, proven to satisfy auditors, examiners and the board. • Spend 80% less time on your ALLL each quarter • Partner with the industry leader for CECL • Reduce manual errors and examiner criticism • View more solution information 42 THE MOST TRUSTED ALLL SOLUTION IN BANKING “Previously with Excel, if we wanted to look at a monthly interim calculation, we would have to run the core reports and manually input them. With Sageworks, the numbers are inside the software and available with just a few clicks of a button – giving us significant quarterly time-savings.“ Lugie Brown Senior Vice President First American National Bank