Formation of the Universe.ppt
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This document discusses light years and how they are used to measure distance. A light year is defined as the distance that light travels in one year, which is approximately 5,865,696,000,000 miles. The document then provides background on the Big Bang theory, explaining that it describes how the universe began in a hot, dense state and has been expanding ever since. It lists several pieces of evidence that support the Big Bang model, such as the cosmic microwave background radiation and abundance of light elements like hydrogen and helium.
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The document discusses upcoming NASA space shuttle missions, an asteroid passing close to Earth, and provides an introduction to astronomy topics including the Big Bang theory, formation of stars and galaxies, light years, types of galaxies, solar systems, and milestones in space exploration. Key information includes the launch dates and durations of the final two space shuttle missions, an asteroid passing within 45,000 km of Earth on October 5, and an overview of how the universe formed and evolved according to the current scientific understanding.
Earth Science Astronomy - The big bang theory
The Big Bang occurred approximately 13.7 billion years ago from a single point that contained all matter and energy. Within the first 3 minutes, the universe expanded from the size of an atom to larger than a grapefruit as energy froze into matter. Over hundreds of thousands of years, the first atoms formed, mostly hydrogen and helium. Stars and galaxies began to take shape between 200-400 million years. Our solar system formed 4.6 billion years ago. Evidence for the Big Bang includes the expansion of the universe, cosmic background radiation, quasars, radioactive decay rates, and observations of stellar formation and distances.
Evolution of universe
The document discusses the evolution of the universe from the Big Bang theory to present day. It covers:
1) The Big Bang theory which proposes the universe began as a hot, dense point around 14 billion years ago and has been expanding and cooling ever since.
2) The formation of stars, galaxies, and planets as the universe evolved, with our solar system forming around 5 billion years ago.
3) Two other theories - the Steady State theory which proposes the universe has always existed in a constant state, and the Pulsating universe theory.
The Universe and the Stars
This document provides a summary of key concepts in astronomy, including the universe, galaxies, stars, planets in our solar system, and important historical astronomers like Ptolemy, Copernicus, and Galileo. It describes how stars are born from nebulae and die, as well as concepts like nuclear fusion, main sequence, and how our sun will eventually die. Important terms are defined like nebulae, constellations, blue giants, and red dwarfs. Historical figures that advanced our understanding of astronomy are also summarized.
Origin of the universe
The universe is approximately 13.8 billion years old and contains countless galaxies, many with supermassive black holes at their centers. The Milky Way galaxy is the one that contains our solar system. According to the leading Big Bang theory, the universe began as an extremely hot and dense singularity which expanded rapidly approximately 13 billion years ago, resulting in the formation of hydrogen and helium from the cooling nuclear matter. Evidence for the expansion of the universe and the Big Bang model includes the redshift of distant galaxies and the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation.
(1)origin of earth.ppt
The solar system formed 4.6 billion years ago from a giant cloud of dust and gas called a solar nebula. As the cloud contracted under gravity, the proto-Sun formed at the center and a disk of dust and ice particles formed around it. These particles collided and merged to become planetesimals and eventually the planets. The inner planets like Earth are rocky due to higher temperatures in the inner solar system, while outer planets are gaseous. The Moon formed from debris ejected during a giant impact between Earth and a Mars-sized planet. Life on Earth began as single-celled organisms and changed the atmosphere through photosynthesis over billions of years.
Astronomy
The document provides information about astronomy and the solar system. It begins by defining astronomy and describing early astronomers like Copernicus and Galileo. It then discusses concepts like the universe, galaxies, and the Milky Way galaxy. The bulk of the document is focused on defining and describing components of the solar system, including the sun, planets like Earth, Venus, and Mercury, and units like light years and astronomical units. It provides details on concepts like planetary orbits, rotations, and transits. The summary concludes with an overview of the key topics covered.
Chemistry project - Space chemistry
- The document is a student's chemistry project on space chemistry. It thanks the teacher and school for allowing the project and providing resources.
- The project covers topics like the chemical composition of space, how space suits work, rocket propellants, and harnessing energy from space. It includes sections on stars and their properties, the life and death of stars, and references.
Earth in space
This chapter discusses the origin and evolution of the Earth and the solar system. It begins with an overview of the Big Bang theory for the origin of the universe and then describes the nebular hypothesis for the formation of the solar system from a primordial cloud of gas and dust. Key points include the differentiation of the Earth into a core, mantle and crust due to melting after accretion and the abundance of iron in the Earth's core versus the crust. The chapter also provides details about the different types of planets, asteroids, comets and meteorites that make up the solar system.
Big bang theory presentation (PPt) 2018 Hemant pratap singh
Big bang theory presentation created by Hemant pratap singh in technical seminar 2018 in Vision institute of technology Aligarh
Astronomy notes2: Notes on the composition & formation of Galaxies, leading ...
1) The document is a set of astronomy lecture notes that covers topics including the universe, galaxies, stars, planets, and Earth's formation.
2) It begins by discussing how the universe began with the Big Bang and covers vast distances in space measured in light years.
3) Key details are provided about the solar system and its planets, along with facts about each planet's characteristics such as length of day/year, temperature, and composition. Diagrams and links are included for reference.
Similar to Formation of the Universe.ppt (20)
Big bang theory presentation (PPt) 2018 Hemant pratap singh
Big bang theory presentation (PPt) 2018 Hemant pratap singh
Astronomy notes2: Notes on the composition & formation of Galaxies, leading ...
Astronomy notes2: Notes on the composition & formation of Galaxies, leading ...
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如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
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Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsEquivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
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The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
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Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
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mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
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Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
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3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
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Formation of the Universe.ppt
- 1. But First! What is a Light Year??
- 2. A light year is a way of measuring distance. That doesn't make much sense because "light year" contains the word "year," which is normally a unit of time. Even so, light years measure distance.
- 3. Light travels at 186,000 miles per second (300,000 kilometers per second). Therefore, a light second is 186,000 miles (300,000 kilometers). A light year is the distance that light can travel in a year, or: 186,000 miles/second * 60 seconds/minute * 60 minutes/hour * 24 hours/day * 365 days/year = 5,865,696,000,000 miles/year OR…… 1 LIGHT YEAR
- 4. • The universe began with a hot explosion called the Big Bang. The aftermath of the Big Bang consisted mostly of radiation, but as things cooled, the elements hydrogen and helium formed. • http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/expl ore_astronomy/skywatch/db/307/au dio/SkyWatch_307-11252010.mp3
- 6. • Big Bang Theory - Evidence for the Theory • First of all, we are reasonably certain that the universe had a beginning. • Second, galaxies appear to be moving away from us at speeds proportional to their distance. This is called "Hubble's Law.” This observation supports the expansion of the universe and suggests that the universe was once compacted. • Third, if the universe was initially very, very hot as the Big Bang suggests, we should be able to find some remnant of this heat. In 1965, this was discovered a 2.725 degree Kelvin (- 454.765 degree Fahrenheit, -270.425 degree Celsius) Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB) which pervades the observable universe. • Finally, the abundance of the "light elements" Hydrogen and Helium found in the observable universe are thought to support the Big Bang model of origins.
- 7. A cloud in space Made of gas and dust • Can have stars inside Most of the ones we see are inside our Milky Way Galaxy Different types Orion image at
- 8. Basis of modern theory of planet formation. Planets form at the same time from the same cloud as the star. Sun and our solar system formed ~ 5 billion years ago. Planet formation sites observed today as dust disks of T Tauri stars.
- 9. a), (b) The solar nebula contracts and flattens into a spinning disk. The large blob in the center will become the Sun. Smaller blobs in the outer regions may become jovian planets. (c) Dust grains act as condensation nuclei, forming clumps of matter that collide, stick together, and grow into moon-sized planetesimals. (d) Strong winds from the still-forming Sun expel the nebular gas. (e) Planetesimals continue to collide and grow. (f) Over the course of a hundred million years or so, planetesimals form a few large planets that travel in roughly circular orbits.
- 10. The Big Bang Theory considers the creation of all the matter and energy that exists in the universe.. Anywhere.. The Solar Nebula theory uses that matter and energy, to create galaxies and solar systems.
- 11. A large group of stars outside of our own Milky Way Made of billions to trillions of stars • Also may have gas and dust Spiral, or elliptical, or irregular shaped Image at
- 14. NASA and NOAO/AURA/NSF Images at http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/galaxy/irregular/2005/09/res
- 15. has about 200 billion stars, and lots of gas and dust is a barred-spiral (we think) about 100,000 light-years wide our Sun is halfway to the edge, revolving at half a million miles per hour around the center of the Galaxy takes our Solar System about 200 million years to revolve once around our galaxy
- 16. Image at