FORENSIC CIVIL ENGINEERING
A new technology for the CIVIL ENGINEERING .
The investigation of materials, products, structures or components that fail or do not operate or function as intended, causing personal injury or damage to property’’.
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
* DOWNLOAD AND PLAY IT IN MICROSOFT POWERPOINT CAUSE IT CONTAINS ANIMATION AND CAN'T WATCH WITHOUT IT *
Stations and Yards of Railway powerpoint presentation in Transport Engineering.
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
* DOWNLOAD AND PLAY IT IN MICROSOFT POWERPOINT CAUSE IT CONTAINS ANIMATION AND CAN'T WATCH WITHOUT IT *
Stations and Yards of Railway powerpoint presentation in Transport Engineering.
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
A site investigation simply is the process of the collection of information, the appraisal of data, assessment, and reporting without which the hazards in the ground beneath the site cannot be known
We know every structure is designed for a life period.
The existence of the structure after the service life period is very dangerous to its occupants and surrounding buildings .
The building act usually contains provisions that enable local authorities to control demolition works for the protection of public safety and to ensure adjoining premises and the site are made good on completion of the demolition.
non destructive concrete testing equipment
non destructive concrete testing methods
non destructive test Penetration method
Rebound hammer method
Pull out test method
Ultrasonic pulse velocity method
Radioactive methods
methods of testing concrete
concrete strength testing methods
types of non destructive testing
non destructive concrete testing equipment
concrete tests pdf
destructive and non destructive testing
concrete testing procedures
non destructive test for concrete
destructive and non destructive testing
non destructive testing pdf
types of non destructive testing
non destructive testing methods
non destructive testing methods ppt
Pile foundation is important for construction of foundation where bearing capacity of soil is poor. Pile foundation is use for distribution of uneven load of superstructure.There are so many type of pile are use for construction. Here i present some of pile with suitable condition for construction and methods for construction.
Thank you.
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING - II - AIRPORT ENGINEERING:
FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF SITE FOR AIRPORT, AIRCRAFT CHARACTERISTICS, ZONING LAWS, RUNWAY LENGTH, CORRECTION FOR RUNWAY LENGTH, ORIENTATION OF NRUNWAY, WIND ROSE DIAGRAM, RUNWAY LIGHTING SYSTEM.
DESTRUCTIVE AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST OF CONCRETEKaran Patel
The standard method of evaluating the quality of concrete in buildings or structures is to test specimens cast simultaneously for compressive, flexural and tensile strengths.
The main disadvantages are that results are not obtained immediately; that concrete in specimens may differ from that in the actual structure as a result of different curing and compaction conditions; and that strength properties of a concrete specimen depend on its size and shape.
Although there can be no direct measurement of the strength properties of structural concrete for the simple reason that strength determination involves destructive stresses, several non- destructive methods of assessment have been developed.
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
A site investigation simply is the process of the collection of information, the appraisal of data, assessment, and reporting without which the hazards in the ground beneath the site cannot be known
We know every structure is designed for a life period.
The existence of the structure after the service life period is very dangerous to its occupants and surrounding buildings .
The building act usually contains provisions that enable local authorities to control demolition works for the protection of public safety and to ensure adjoining premises and the site are made good on completion of the demolition.
non destructive concrete testing equipment
non destructive concrete testing methods
non destructive test Penetration method
Rebound hammer method
Pull out test method
Ultrasonic pulse velocity method
Radioactive methods
methods of testing concrete
concrete strength testing methods
types of non destructive testing
non destructive concrete testing equipment
concrete tests pdf
destructive and non destructive testing
concrete testing procedures
non destructive test for concrete
destructive and non destructive testing
non destructive testing pdf
types of non destructive testing
non destructive testing methods
non destructive testing methods ppt
Pile foundation is important for construction of foundation where bearing capacity of soil is poor. Pile foundation is use for distribution of uneven load of superstructure.There are so many type of pile are use for construction. Here i present some of pile with suitable condition for construction and methods for construction.
Thank you.
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING - II - AIRPORT ENGINEERING:
FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF SITE FOR AIRPORT, AIRCRAFT CHARACTERISTICS, ZONING LAWS, RUNWAY LENGTH, CORRECTION FOR RUNWAY LENGTH, ORIENTATION OF NRUNWAY, WIND ROSE DIAGRAM, RUNWAY LIGHTING SYSTEM.
DESTRUCTIVE AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST OF CONCRETEKaran Patel
The standard method of evaluating the quality of concrete in buildings or structures is to test specimens cast simultaneously for compressive, flexural and tensile strengths.
The main disadvantages are that results are not obtained immediately; that concrete in specimens may differ from that in the actual structure as a result of different curing and compaction conditions; and that strength properties of a concrete specimen depend on its size and shape.
Although there can be no direct measurement of the strength properties of structural concrete for the simple reason that strength determination involves destructive stresses, several non- destructive methods of assessment have been developed.
Experimental study of vermiculite insulated samples with conventional samples...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In the present study, exfoliated vermiculite is studied, it is used as a filler material because of its low bulk density, high refractoriness, low thermal conductivity and adequate chemical inertness. All along vermiculite has high amount of silica content. Thus effective utilisation of silica based materials as a building material. Presently, vermiculite is used for its light weight in the construction industry as a filler material above the deck slab. Experimentally some of cases are studied by using vermiculite in some of the applications in the construction industry. Case 1: One of the famous for tradition was originated in India at conventional tile which is especially designed for chettinad. Following some same methodology of the traditional tiles designed some of the mix proportions by increasing the usefulness of the tile. The tile which accepts the heat resisting parameters we designed the tile fulfilling the heat insulation property, flooring tile, roofing tile and as well as in weathering course tile replacing conventional weathering coarsee tiles. Various mixes were prepared using different percentage of vermiculite and water cement ratio. The developed vermiculite cement tiles exhibited low water absorption, better strength properties compared with the tradition famous conventional tiles used for flooring tile purpose. Thus it involve a continuous study and it combined by introducing the material which is suited for construction industry with vermiculite. Vermiculite insulated tile which is light in weight which is easy to handle. Designed some vermiculite mortar with various mix design ratios. Second case if it is implemented in concrete the strength parameters and some of the physical properties of the vermiculite insulated products. The special characteristics and usage of this material would decrease the structural weight can be decreased. Considering some other characteristics it is quite good material if it is replaced partial form gives better results.
Keywords: vermiculite concrete, lightweight, vermiculitetile, SEM, EDS.
This is the workshop presentation given by Clare Rafferty and Lucy Moore at the HTAV annual 2014 conference. The workshop was on creating content with IBookAuthor
Retrofitting of irrigation structures- Prakasam Barrage, Andhra Pradesh, -A...IEI GSC
Presentation on Breaking Conventions for Low cost housing
By Dr. I Satyanarayan Raju ,
Former Chief Engineer, Irrigation Dept.(AP);Chairman, Institution of Engineers (India),AP State Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana State
at 31st National Convention of Civil Engineers organised by
Gujarat State Center, The Institution of Engineers (India) at Ahmedabad
Get the Look and Feel You Want in Oracle APEXJorge Rimblas
You just received an image or layered file from marketing with the design for an application you need to build. You're wondering what to do. How do I translate this into a usable APEX template? APEX provides great flexibility that allows your applications to fit within your corporate visual theme, but many people don't realize that the APEX built-in themes are not static or your only option. HTML and CSS can be daunting when your expertise lies within the database realm. This session will show you that a little understanding goes a long way.
Detailed outlineResearch question What happened to th.docxsimonithomas47935
Detailed outline
Research question:
What happened to the Tacoma Narrows Bridge and what steps can engineer take to avoid this situation from happening again?
Thesis statement:
There are important lessons that engineers can learn from studying the design and the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge so they can avoid this from happening again in the future.
I. Introduction
II. Design
A. As the Tacoma Narrows Bridge was being designed, engineers were not expecting wind that hits at 42 miles per hour.
B. The Tacoma Narrows Bridge was too weak to hold because the bridge was too light, too shallow and too long.
III. Cause of collapse
How could a modern bridge with advanced design suffer failure from wind?
A. the main reason of the failure of Tacoma Narrows bridge was it’s great flexibility, while the bridge was moving it acted like aerofoil, creating drag and lift.
B. aerodynamic were a bit understood, engineers were supposed to test bring modals and suspension.
IV. For avoiding future problems
A. Engineers must utilise computer simulations that makes them better understand design and pressure of wind flow.
B.
Detailed outline
Research question:
What happened to the Tacoma Narrows Bridge and what steps can engineer take to avoid this situation from happening again?
Thesis statement:
There are important lessons that engineers can learn from studying the design and the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge so they can avoid this from happening again in the future.
I. Introduction
II. Design
A. As the Tacoma Narrows Bridge was being designed, engineers were not expecting wind that hits at 42 miles per hour.
B. The Tacoma Narrows Bridge was too weak to hold because the bridge was too light, too shallow and too long.
III. Cause of collapse
How could a modern bridge with advanced design suffer failure from wind?
A. the main reason of the failure of Tacoma Narrows bridge was it’s great flexibility, while the bridge was moving it acted like aerofoil, creating drag and lift.
B. aerodynamic were a bit understood, engineers were supposed to test bring modals and suspension.
IV. For avoiding future problems
A. Engineers must utilise computer simulations that makes them better understand design and pressure of wind flow.
B.
The Tacoma Narrows Collapse
March, 2017
Imagine yourself driving through the third longest bridge with your beloved Golden Retriever on a hot sunny day. However, you suddenly feel the bridge kneeling towards the right and left. Seeing everyone in front of you vacating their cars and running away from the bridge before it collapses. Most likely, you would do the same even maybe 3 times faster before it’s too late. But sadly, when it’s too late and the bridge has collapsed you will eventually realize that you have left your beloved dog behind. The First Tacoma Narrows Bridge was being completed and designed in the state of Washington, Tacoma. The Tacoma Narrows bridge was constructed .
i AD-A276 860
1993
Executive Research Project
CS8
The Channel Tunnel
-- A Case Study--
Lieutenant Colonel
Leslie Allen Veditz
U.S. Air Force EIJ.C
S LECTEMAR 0 91994
Faculty Research Advisor
F
Mr. Francis W. A'Hearn
94-07672111 III 11111l 111111til1111H1 11111 lii
The Industrial College of the Armed Forces
National Defense University
Fort McNair, Washington, D.C. 20319-6000
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distribution is unlimited. I S94 3 6 I09
Unclassified
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NDU-ICAF-93- 0.v Same
6a. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONWTORING ORGANIZATION
Industrial College of the (if applicable)
Armed Forces I ICAF-FAP National Defense University
6c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 7b. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code)
Fort Lesley J. McNair Fort Lesley J. McNair
Washington, D.C. 20319-6000 Washington, D.C. 20319-6000
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Research FROM Aug 92 TOA 93 April 1993 -
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All other editions are obsolete.
UNCLASSIFIED
ABSTRACT
The Channel Tunnel - A Case Study
By
Leslie A. Veditz
Lieutenant Colonel, USAF
23 April 1993
The Channel Tunnel is the largest privately financed engineering
project in history. Thirty-two miles in length, the tunnel
stretches beneath the English Channel from England to France.
When it becomes operational in December 1993, the Tunnel will be a
crucial link in the emerging European high-speed rail system.
However, the Channel Tunnel project itself has beset since its
incepti ...
Tacoma Narrows Suspension Bridge was a bridge constructed in Washington D.C. in 1940. The structure was a complete loss just after four months of its construction.
PRESENTED BY: Muhammad Asad Hayat, Student Department of Civil Engineering, Session (2014-18)
COURSE: Civil Engineering Practice
COURSE INSTRUCTOR: Engr. Arslan Yaqub, Lecturer, Civil Engineering
UNIVERSITY: University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila
MECHANIZED CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR URBAN ROAD BRIDGEEditorIJAERD
As the day’s advancing so is the technology and with the modernization there is an enhancement in
construction and there are several advanced techniques in construction and so are the project acquired in such
dedicated project. As we are conducting a case study of VMC project in Vadodara city so that we can find out the uses of
mechanized equipment’s for today’s construction.
Factors over which an Engineer has control that effect the cost of the product
Issues that are relevant to GREEN DESIGN
Discuss recyclability/disposability issues
A brief discussion on legal and ethical issues in engineering design
A study on Environmental, Economic and Societal (EES) issues in Materials Science and Engineering.
On January 28th, 1986, Space Shuttle Challenger was launched at 11:38am on the 6-day STS-51-L mission. During the first 3 seconds of lift off the o-rings (o-shaped loops used to connect two cylinders) in the shuttle’s right-hand solid rocket booster (SRB) failed.
Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse – The third longest suspension bridge of the world at that time, Tacoma Narrows Bridge had been in operation for just more than five months before it crashed into the Puget Sound of Washington on November 7th, 1940.
Eschede Train Disaster
On June 3, 1998, a high-speed train derailed near the village of Eschede in Germany, killing 101 people and injuring 88 more. A single fatigue crack in one wheel failed, causing the train to derail at a switch. A contributing factor was the use of welds in the carriage bodies that “unzipped” during the crash. Within weeks of the crash, all wheels of a similar design were replaced with mono block wheels.
Hyatt Regency Walkway Collapse
On July 17, 1981, at the Hyatt Regency Kansas City in Kansas City, Mo., two connected walkways collapsed and fell into the lobby, killing 114 people and injuring 216 more. An investigation revealed a structural engineering flaw in the way the bolts and rods were secured. The engineering firm consulting on the project was found to be in gross negligence, misconduct and unprofessional conduct.
Fukushima Reactor Meltdown
Following the earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, the Fukushima reactor melted down, releasing radioactive material into the ground and ocean. While exacerbated by the earthquake, a report claims that the meltdown was a manmade disaster caused by poor regulation. Wrote Daily Tech, “The Fukushima nuclear disaster shows the danger of using ancient reactor designs in flood-prone regions without proper precaution. The accident stands as a stirring cry to decommission older reactors and move to modern designs.”
The Deepwater Horizon was an offshore drilling unit with the ability to drill down to 30,000 feet. On April 20, 2010, while drilling an exploratory well, the rig exploded, killing 11 workers and setting the stage to release 4.9 million barrels of oil that devastated the area around the Gulf of Mexico. The National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill said “several tests indicated the cement put in place after the installation ... was not an effective barrier to prevent gases from entering the well.” These same gases allowed the explosion to occur.
Case Study 7.3 249 CASE STUDY 7.3 Classic Case Tacoma Narrows Suspen.pdfSANDEEPARIHANT
Case Study 7.3 249 CASE STUDY 7.3 Classic Case: Tacoma Narrows Suspension Bridge The
dramatic collapse of the Tacoma Narrows suspen- a series of violent vertical and torsional
oscillations. sion bridge in 1940, barely four months after comple- Alarmingly, the amplitudes
steadily increased, suspen tion, was a severe blow to the design and construction sions came
loose, the support structures buckled, and of large span bridges. It serves as a landmark failure in
the span began to break up. In effect, the bridge seemed engineering history and is, indeed, a
featured lesson in to have come alive, struggling like a bound animal, most civil engineering
programs. The story of the col- and was literally shaking itself apart. Motorists caught lapse
serves as a fascinating account of one important on the bridge had to abandon their cars and
crawl off aspect of project failure: engineering\'s misunderstand- the bridge, as the side-to-side
roll had become so pro- ing of the effect that a variety of natural forces can have nounced (by
now, the roll had reached 45 degrees in on projects, particularly in the construction industry.
either direction, causing the sides of the bridge to rise Opening in July 1941, the Tacoma
Narrows and fall more than 30 feet) that it was impossible to tra Bridge was built at a cost of
$6.4 million and was verse the bridge on foot largely funded by the federal government\'s Public
After a fairly short period of time in which the was wave oscillations became incredibly violent,
the sus- ks Administration. The purpose of the bridge essentially viewed as a defense measure to
connect pension bridge simply could not resist the pounding Seattle and Tacoma with the Puget
Sound Navy Yard and broke apart. Observers stood in shock on either at Bremerton. As the
third-largest single suspension side of the bridge and watched as first large pieces of bridge in the
world, it had a center span of 2,800 feet the roadway and then entire lengths of the span rained
and 1,000-foot approaches at each er down into the Tacoma Narrows below. Fortunately, no
human lives were lost, since traffic had been closed in Even before its inauguration and op ening,
the bridge began exhibiting strange characteristics that the nick of time were immediately
noticeable. For example, the slightest wind could cause the bridge to develop a pronounced
supported by massive 130-meter-high steel towers longitudinal roll. The bridge would quite
literally begin comprised of 335-foot-long spans. These spans man to lift at one end and, in a
wave action, the lift would aged to remain intact despite the collapse of the main \"roll\" the
length of the bridge. Depending upon the span. The second bridge (TNB II) would end up mak
severity of the wind, cameras were able to detect any ing use of these spans when it was rebuilt
shortly there- where up to eight separate vertical nodes in its rolling after, by a new span
stiffened with a web truss ction. Many motorists crossing the bridge .
Write about the following ethics case studies1. Hyatt Regency Walk.pdfarjuntelecom26
Write about the following ethics case studies
1. Hyatt Regency Walkway Collapse
2. TV Antenna Collapse
3. Trench Failure
4. Three Mile Island
5. Tacoma Bridge
Solution
(1) Hyatt Regency Walkway Collapse :-
On July 17, 1981, the Hyatt Regency Hotel in kansas City, Missouri, held a videotaped tea-dance
party in their atrium lobby. With many party-goers standing and dancing on the suspended
walkways, connections supporting the ceiling rods that held up the second and fourth-floor
walkways across the atrium failed, and both walkways collapsed onto the crowded first-floor
atrium below. The fourth-floor walkway collapsed onto the second-floor walkway, while the
offset third-floor walkway remained intact. As the United states\' most devastating structural
failure, in terms of loss of life and injuries, the Kansas City Hyatt Regency walkways collapse
left 114 dead and in excess of 200 injured. In addition, millions of dollars in costs resulted from
the collapse, and thousands of lives were adversely affected.
(2) TV Antenna Collapse. :-
Total collapse during installation of a 6-ton FM antenna being placed on a new 1800 ft. tower. 5
technicians killed, 3 on the hoist and 2 on the tower. It was determined that insufficient sized
bolts on a makeshift lifting lug extension failed. The falling debris severed one of the tower\'s
guy wires, causing the tower to collapse.
The following case is based on an actual incident. However, individual actors and company
names have been changed due to possible pending litigation. In addition, although conversations
and memorandums used are based on evidence surrounding the case, they are hypothetical in
nature, and are used to illustrate important issues rather than to attempt an actual reenactment of
what \"really\" happened.
In 1982, a television station video crew was filming the raising of their new television tower. The
antenna was designed and manufactured by Antenna Engineering, Inc., a moderately-sized local
firm. Riggers, Inc., a small local firm, was contracted to raise and assemble the antenna. During
the initial design, Antenna Engineering submitted antenna plans to Riggers for their approval.
Riggers approved the plans which provided for placement of the antenna hoisting lugs. These
lugs provided attachment points for lifting cables which would be used for removing the antenna
sections from the delivery truck, and for hoisting the antenna into the air for final assembly on a
1000 foot tower. A crew of riggers who had constructed such towers for many years was on-site.
The crew used a vertically-climbing crane mounted on the already constructed portion of the
tower to lift each new section of the tower, and finally, the two-section antenna onto the top of
the tower. The design called for a three-legged tower, and as each new section was lifted, it was
positioned and bolted onto the previous tower sections, one piece at a time. The tower legs were
solid steel bars with 8 inch diameters. The tower sections we.
MODE II FRACTURE PARAMETERS FOR VARIOUS SIZES OF BEAMS IN PLAIN CONCRETEIJERA Editor
Blended aggregate in concrete and arriving at the structural properties of blended aggregate concrete is a thrust
area. Pumice is very light and porous igneous rock that is formed during volcanic eruptions.Cinder is a waste
material obtained from steel manufacturing units. Shear strength is a property of major significance for wide
range of civil engineering materials and structures. Shear and punching shear failures particularly in deep beams,
in corbels and in concrete flat slabs are considered to be more critical and catastrophic than other types of
failures. This area has received greater attention in recent years. For investigating shear type of failures, from the
literature it is found that double central notched (DCN) specimen geometry proposed by Prakash Desai and
V.Bhaskar Desai is supposed the best suited geometry. In this present experimental investigation an attempt is
made to study the Mode-II fracture property of light weight blended aggregate cement concrete combining both
the pumice and cinder in different proportions, and making use of DCN test specimen geometry . By blending
the pumice and cinder in different percentages of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 by volumeof concrete, a blended light
weight aggregate concrete is prepared. By using this the property such as in plane shear strength is studied.
Finally an analysis is carried out regarding Mode-II fracture properties of blended concrete. It is concluded that
the Ultimate load in Mode-II is found to decrease continuously with the percentage increase in Pumice aggregate
content. It is also observed that the ultimate stress in Mode II is found to increase continuously with percentage
increase in cinder aggregate content.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
2. OUT LINE
Introduction
History
Investigation
Procedure
Qualification of forensic civil engineer
Photo Gallery
Case study
References
FORENSIC CIVIL ENGINEERING
2
3. Forensic civil engineering can be
considered to be “The investigation
of materials, products, structures or
components that fail or do not
operate or function as intended,
causing personal injury or damage
to property’’.
3
4. Bridge failures such as the Tay rail
bridge disaster of 1879 and the Dee
bridge disaster of 1847. Edmond
Locard (1877–1966) was a pioneer in
forensic science who formulated the
basic principle of forensic civil.
"Every contact leaves a trace". This
became known as Locard's "exchange
principle".
EDMOND LOCARD
4
5. INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE
”Define” the failure.
Collect evidence.
Analyze the evidence.
The possible events that root causes for the failure.
Validate the hypothesis through structural analysis.
Arrive at a conclusion regarding the cause(s)
Prepare the final report.
5
7. QUALIFICATION OF A F.C.E
Technically competent
Detective
Articulate with good communication skills
Skilful in court
Ethical
7
8. METHODS OF F.C.E
EMPIRICAL METHODS
It contains testing of materials in laboratory
THEORITICAL METHODS
RCA----- Root Case Analysis
ECFC---- Event & Casual Factors Charting
MORT--- Management Oversight & Risk Tree
SSAI----- System Safety Accident Investigation
8
9. NDT METHODS
1. Rebound Hammer test
2. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity test
3. Cover meter test
4. Half-cell Potential Measurement test
5. Impact echo / pulse echo test
6. Ground Penetrating Radar test
SDT METHODS
1. Concrete core test
2. Capo test
3. Windsor probe test
4. Load test
9
11. MEASUREMENT OF DEFLECTION BY
DEFLECTO METER
MEASUREMENT OF DEFLECTION BY
LVDT
LOAD TEST ON PSC DECK OF RAILWAY
BRIDGE EXTRACTION OF SMALLER CORE
SAMPLE FROM MEMBER
11
13. 13
THE TACOMA NARROWBRIDGE
Name : TACOMA NARROW BRIDGE
Location: Tacoma, Pierce County, Washington, USA
Start of construction: November 23, 1938
Opened for traffic: July 1, 1940
Traffic per day : 2480 Vehicles/Day
Failure of bridge: November 7, 1940
14. THE TACOMA NARROW BRIDGE
The famous slender suspension bridge
The third-longest bridge in the world
Total Structure Length 5,939 feet
Suspension Bridge Section 5,000 feet
Center Span 2,800 feet
Width (center-to-center): 39 feet
Withstood winds up to (192kmph)
14
15. FAILUREOF TACOMA BRIDGE
15
On November 7, 1940,
The bridge oscillated violently in a 42mph wind and was
literally turn apart and collapsed into Puget Sound.
16. INVESTIGATION REPORT ON TACOMA BRIDGE
It may best explained by Diane Vaughn,
while commenting on the Challenger Space Shuttle
explosion, described as “normalisation of deviance”
“The gradual acceptance of sequential minor
errors and failures accumulating and
culminating in a major catastrophe”
.
16
17. FAILURE DUE TO SELF INDUCED OSCILLATION
COLLAPSE OF THE BRIDGE
17
18. Slender suspension bridge in the world.
The designers also “forgot” the slender suspension bridge.
The solid plate girders supporting the bridge deck acted
barriers to wind flow below the deck, while the wind flowed
smoothly above, causing an aero dynamic uplift.
Soon the bridge started oscillating and grew in until finally the
deck structure ruptured and the bridge collapsed.
18
RESULTS ON TACOMA BRIDGE
19. 19
SUMMARY
Forensic Civil Engineering is the application of engineering sciences
to the investigation of failures or other performance problems.
A wide and multi-disciplinary field, requiring civil engineering
expertise and knowledge of legal procedures.
Forensic civil engineering deals with the investigation and
reconstruction of failures in infrastructures.
Engineers & managers need to have a aerial view of the process,
techniques, outcome reporting and legal aspects of forensic civil
engineering investigation
20. 20
1. Task Committee on Guidelines for Failure Investigation, "Guidelines for
Failure Investigation", ASCE, 1989.
2. Christoph Kohl, Doreen Streicher, (2006) “Results of reconstructed and
fused NDT-data measured in the laboratory and on-site at bridges”, Cement
& Concrete Composites, 2006, pp.402-413. .
3. Krause M, Barmann R, Friedlinghaus R, Kretzschamar F, Kroggel O,
Langenberg K, Maierhofer Ch, Muller W, Neisecke J, Schickert M, Schmitz
V, Wiggenhauser H., and Wollbold F. (1997), Comparison of pulse echo
methods for testing concrete’ NDT& E International 4 (special issue), 1997,
pp. 195–204.
4. Maierhofer C. (2003) “Nondestructive Evaluation of Concrete Infrastructure
with Ground Penetrating Radar”, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,
ASCE, May-June 2003, PP. 287-297.
5. Sansalone, M., and Carino, N. J. (1986) “Impact-Echo: A method for flaw
detection in concrete using transient stress waves”, NBSIR 86-3452,
National Bureau of Standards, Sept., 1986, 222 p.