FOOD VS. FUEL Impacts of energy price increases on developing countries and t...Joachim von Braun
The document discusses the impacts of increasing biofuel production on food prices and food security. It finds that while biofuel growth can increase food prices, potentially harming the poor, this outcome is not inevitable. Through investments in technology, policy reforms, and development of marginal lands and cellulosic feedstocks, biofuel production can be expanded in a way that mitigates impacts on global food supply and accessibility. The key is promoting complementary relationships between food and fuel production rather than allowing them to crowd each other out.
This document summarizes trends in the wood supply industry in the U.S. South from 1995-2015. It finds that the export wood pellet market has led to the opening of 16 new pellet mills while some pulp/paper mills have closed. The growth of the pellet industry has increased demand for wood removals, especially pine, but overall removals have remained steady as a percentage of the total forest inventory. The increased demand from pellet mills has contributed to higher pulpwood and residual prices in the region.
1. Indonesia strengthened its national food security strategy in response to the 2007-2008 food-fuel-financial crises by increasing safety net programs, stabilizing food prices, and accelerating food crop production.
2. The strategy aims to enhance food availability based on local resources, improve access to food, and increase the quantity and quality of food consumption. Targets include achieving sufficient energy and protein consumption levels and reducing poverty.
3. A sustainable long-term strategy emphasizes income security, agricultural diversification, infrastructure investment, research and development, and strengthening farmers' institutions.
Pine Economic Calendar: High speed monetary policyBanco Pine
Industrial production in Brazil is estimated to have risen 0.5% in July, the second consecutive monthly rise. Annual industrial production is expected to fall 2.5% in July, an improvement from the 3.5% decline in June. Inflation as measured by the IPCA index is projected to rise 0.38% in August, slightly below the 0.43% rise in July. The central bank is expected to maintain its benchmark interest rate at 7.5% at its next meeting, having reduced it by 50 basis points at its prior meeting.
A N Sinha Institute of Social Science (ANSISS), and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) organized a one day consulation on
‘A Food Secure Bihar: Challenges and Way Forward’ on August 06, 2014 at ANSISS, Patna, Bihar.
You are aware that National Food Security Act (NFSA) has been enacted with a view to ensure food security in India and Bihar is one of the state where ensuring food security is a major challenge. A better understanding of NFSA in the context of Bihar will be helpful for effective implementation of the NFSA. The main objective of the policy consultative workshop is to deliberate on the options and strategies for making NFSA efficient and effective in Bihar
The document discusses using modelled hydrological data to assess river health over time for different scenarios. It presents monthly flow data from 1900-1909 for four scenarios: natural flows, current flows, climate change flows, and all have the same dates, length, and no gaps to allow comparison. The modeled data can generate a single health score rather than values for each year and allows evaluating changes from a natural baseline to current and future conditions.
Dr. Lee Schultz - Beef Demand: Clarifying Concepts, Summarizing Status, and D...John Blue
Beef Demand: Clarifying Concepts, Summarizing Status, and Discussing Future Opportunities - Dr. Lee Schultz, Iowa State University, from the 2014 Iowa Cattle Industry Convention, December 8 - 10, 2014, Des Moines IA, USA
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014-iowa-cattle-industry-convention
This document summarizes global barley trade over the past decade, noting that:
1) The EU once dominated international barley markets, especially in North Africa and the Middle East, but global trade dynamics have changed dramatically with increased competition from countries like Russia and Ukraine.
2) EU policies have reduced market support prices and de-emphasized export subsidies, while regulations will soon eliminate intervention support for barley, potentially causing acreage shifts away from barley.
3) Exports have been redistributed over the past decade, with the EU share declining from around 10 MMT to 1.5 MMT while exports from countries like Russia and Ukraine have increased.
FOOD VS. FUEL Impacts of energy price increases on developing countries and t...Joachim von Braun
The document discusses the impacts of increasing biofuel production on food prices and food security. It finds that while biofuel growth can increase food prices, potentially harming the poor, this outcome is not inevitable. Through investments in technology, policy reforms, and development of marginal lands and cellulosic feedstocks, biofuel production can be expanded in a way that mitigates impacts on global food supply and accessibility. The key is promoting complementary relationships between food and fuel production rather than allowing them to crowd each other out.
This document summarizes trends in the wood supply industry in the U.S. South from 1995-2015. It finds that the export wood pellet market has led to the opening of 16 new pellet mills while some pulp/paper mills have closed. The growth of the pellet industry has increased demand for wood removals, especially pine, but overall removals have remained steady as a percentage of the total forest inventory. The increased demand from pellet mills has contributed to higher pulpwood and residual prices in the region.
1. Indonesia strengthened its national food security strategy in response to the 2007-2008 food-fuel-financial crises by increasing safety net programs, stabilizing food prices, and accelerating food crop production.
2. The strategy aims to enhance food availability based on local resources, improve access to food, and increase the quantity and quality of food consumption. Targets include achieving sufficient energy and protein consumption levels and reducing poverty.
3. A sustainable long-term strategy emphasizes income security, agricultural diversification, infrastructure investment, research and development, and strengthening farmers' institutions.
Pine Economic Calendar: High speed monetary policyBanco Pine
Industrial production in Brazil is estimated to have risen 0.5% in July, the second consecutive monthly rise. Annual industrial production is expected to fall 2.5% in July, an improvement from the 3.5% decline in June. Inflation as measured by the IPCA index is projected to rise 0.38% in August, slightly below the 0.43% rise in July. The central bank is expected to maintain its benchmark interest rate at 7.5% at its next meeting, having reduced it by 50 basis points at its prior meeting.
A N Sinha Institute of Social Science (ANSISS), and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) organized a one day consulation on
‘A Food Secure Bihar: Challenges and Way Forward’ on August 06, 2014 at ANSISS, Patna, Bihar.
You are aware that National Food Security Act (NFSA) has been enacted with a view to ensure food security in India and Bihar is one of the state where ensuring food security is a major challenge. A better understanding of NFSA in the context of Bihar will be helpful for effective implementation of the NFSA. The main objective of the policy consultative workshop is to deliberate on the options and strategies for making NFSA efficient and effective in Bihar
The document discusses using modelled hydrological data to assess river health over time for different scenarios. It presents monthly flow data from 1900-1909 for four scenarios: natural flows, current flows, climate change flows, and all have the same dates, length, and no gaps to allow comparison. The modeled data can generate a single health score rather than values for each year and allows evaluating changes from a natural baseline to current and future conditions.
Dr. Lee Schultz - Beef Demand: Clarifying Concepts, Summarizing Status, and D...John Blue
Beef Demand: Clarifying Concepts, Summarizing Status, and Discussing Future Opportunities - Dr. Lee Schultz, Iowa State University, from the 2014 Iowa Cattle Industry Convention, December 8 - 10, 2014, Des Moines IA, USA
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014-iowa-cattle-industry-convention
This document summarizes global barley trade over the past decade, noting that:
1) The EU once dominated international barley markets, especially in North Africa and the Middle East, but global trade dynamics have changed dramatically with increased competition from countries like Russia and Ukraine.
2) EU policies have reduced market support prices and de-emphasized export subsidies, while regulations will soon eliminate intervention support for barley, potentially causing acreage shifts away from barley.
3) Exports have been redistributed over the past decade, with the EU share declining from around 10 MMT to 1.5 MMT while exports from countries like Russia and Ukraine have increased.
This document summarizes findings from a study on diet transformation in Ethiopia between 2000-2011. Key findings include:
1) Ethiopians are consuming more calories on average and diversifying their diets away from cereals towards more expensive foods like animal products and processed foods.
2) Urban and richer populations have seen the biggest changes, consuming more teff, meat and processed foods compared to rural and poorer groups.
3) Income growth has been the main driver of increased calorie consumption, though some populations still have inadequate diets.
Does market access mitigate the impact of seasonality on child growth?Panel ...essp2
This document summarizes a study examining whether market access can mitigate the impact of seasonality on child growth in northern Ethiopia. The study finds that children located closer to markets are healthier and better nourished, with less severe seasonal fluctuations in weight. However, all children experienced considerable seasonal weight changes. Children near markets had more diverse diets year-round and were more likely to consume milk or dairy in non-lean seasons. While market access improves nutrition, it does not prevent all impacts of seasonality. The findings suggest a need for broader market integration and improved food storage and irrigation technologies to further mitigate seasonal effects on children.
Children’s diets, nutrition knowledge and access to marketsessp2
1) A study of 775 households in rural Ethiopia found that children's diets consist of few food groups, indicating low dietary diversity.
2) Improving household nutrition knowledge through programs like behavioral change communication can significantly increase children's dietary diversity by 0.7 food groups on average.
3) However, this positive impact of better nutrition knowledge on children's diets is only seen in households with relatively good access to markets. For more remote households, both improving nutrition knowledge and ensuring access to diverse foods are needed to enhance children's nutrition.
Pathways Less Explored – Aspirations, Locus of Control, and Agricultural Tran...essp2
This document discusses how psychological and social factors like aspirations and locus of control can influence agricultural transformation in Ethiopia. It finds that poorer individuals tend to have a more external locus of control (LOC), believing success is due to external forces like chance or powerful others rather than internal factors they control. Those with a more internal LOC are more likely to adopt modern farm inputs that could increase productivity. The findings suggest LOC and other psychological influences should be considered in policy design to complement traditional incentives in order to accelerate agricultural transformation and reduce poverty in Ethiopia. More research is still needed but the results indicate these "softer" influences may be important complementary pathways.
Overview of AgSS Data with Gender Perspective and the Gapsessp2
This document discusses gender disaggregation in agricultural statistics in Ethiopia. It outlines that while the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) collects agricultural statistics data and has a gender mainstreaming directorate, there are still gaps in fully representing women's activities and preferences. Specifically, analyzing data at the household level only assumes equal participation and decision-making within households. The way forward includes further disaggregating existing data, additional surveys to address gaps, and creating partnerships to improve gender-disaggregated official agricultural statistics despite resource constraints.
Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture and Nutritional Outcomes in Ethiopiaessp2
Women's empowerment in agriculture is linked to better nutritional outcomes for children and women in Ethiopia. The study found that women's empowerment, measured using the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), had a positive impact on children's dietary diversity and women's dietary diversity. Specifically, having a say in credit decisions, autonomy in production, and control over income were associated with improved nutritional status. Factors like production diversity, wealth, education levels, and lack of economic shocks also influenced nutritional outcomes. The results confirm other studies that found women's empowerment, through measures like production autonomy and group membership, can enhance household nutrition.
Rural Finance and Intra-Household Decision-Makingessp2
This document summarizes a presentation on gender and agriculture with a focus on rural finance and intra-household decision making. It uses data from surveys of 400 male-headed households and 200 female-headed households in Amhara, Ethiopia, as well as a larger survey of 3000 households in multiple regions. The surveys found that men dominate input and production decisions, though asking husbands and wives separately provides more nuanced insights. Regarding savings, men control savings in male-headed households more while women control loans and savings in female-headed households. Women also have less access to financial resources and knowledge within male-headed households.
Dr. Dennis DiPietre - Bacon Quality Dilemma - Production for Pigs and the DDGSJohn Blue
Variability in the Principal Determinants of Cost of Production for Pigs and the DDGS - Bacon Quality Dilemma - Dr. Dennis DiPietre, KnowledgeVentures, LLC, from the 2013 Boehringer Ingelheim Swine Health Seminar, August 16-18, 2013, Wrightsville Beach, NC, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2013-boehringer-ingelheim-carolina-swine-health-seminar
A spatial assessment of livestock production and market accessessp2
This study analyzes spatial patterns of livestock production and market access in Ethiopia between 2000-2008. It finds that livestock production, especially of shoats, is increasing fastest in the highland regions of Oromia, Amhara, and SNNP. Production is concentrated near markets within 5 hours travel. Pressure on grazing land is also rising due to population growth and larger herds on fixed land. Ethiopia has high livestock density compared to neighboring countries. Further analysis of land use change is needed to assess environmental sustainability.
The document discusses India's progress toward more inclusive economic growth, noting that while poverty has declined and certain sectors like services have grown, challenges remain in ensuring all citizens benefit from development, such as disparities between rural and urban areas, low quality employment, and uneven growth across states. It analyzes factors influencing inclusive growth such as agricultural development, employment, social indicators, regional differences, and the environment, and proposes policy actions to promote more equitable and sustainable development.
The document discusses the Indian economy and trends in Asian economies. It provides an overview of India's economic transition to a services-driven economy, with services now accounting for 57% of GDP. It summarizes growth rates for key sectors in India such as agriculture, industry, and services between 2005-2011. It also discusses the impacts of the global recession of 2008-2009 on Asian economies and indicators of recovery. Overall, it analyzes economic growth trends and the structure of economies across Asia.
1) Foreign direct investment and foreign institutional investment are both types of cross-border investment but differ in nature. While FDI involves direct ownership in a business located in another country, FII refers to foreign investment in the stock markets of another country.
2) FDI provides greater control rights and is a longer term commitment, whereas FII is more short-term in nature and does not provide control over operations.
3) Both FDI and FII can provide benefits like increased capital flows and investment, but FII is more prone to being "hot money" that leaves quickly.
The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) jointly hosted the International Conference on Climate Change and Food Security (ICCCFS) November 6-8, 2011 in Beijing, China. This conference provided a forum for leading international scientists and young researchers to present their latest research findings, exchange their research ideas, and share their experiences in the field of climate change and food security. The event included technical sessions, poster sessions, and social events. The conference results and recommendations were presented at the global climate talks in Durban, South Africa during an official side event on December 1.
The document summarizes economic indicators of Pakistan from 2000-2010 including imports, unemployment, exports, GDP growth, GNP growth, and inflation rate. It presents the data for each indicator in tables and line graphs with years on the x-axis and values on the y-axis. A key point is that Pakistan's imports reached a peak of $38.3 billion in 2009 while unemployment rose to 15% in 2010 after remaining mostly steady before 2008. GDP growth was highest under President Musharraf but declined later in the period.
Trends in wheat production and consumption in SudanCIMMYT
Presentation by Dr. Mohamed B. Elgali (University of Gezira, Sudan) at Wheat for Food Security in Africa conference, Oct 9, 2012, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
The document outlines India's foreign trade policy for 2009-2014. It notes that while India's exports grew substantially from 2003-2008, the global economic crisis caused exports to decline sharply starting in late 2008. The policy outlines various measures taken by the government and RBI to stimulate exports, such as interest subvention for labor-intensive sectors, continuation of duty exemption programs, and increasing lines of credit. It also provides data on major export destinations and import commodities. The short term objectives of the policy are to reverse the decline in exports and provide additional support to hard-hit sectors.
Energizing America: Facts for Addressing Energy Policy
Ports-to-Plains Energy Summit
Omni Interlocken Resort
Broomfield, CO
April 7, 2011
Lunch Keynote
John Felmy, Chief Economist, American Petroleum Institute
Ports-to-Plains Energy Summit
Omni Interlocken Resort
Broomfield, CO
April 7, 2011
Lunch Keynote
John Felmy, Chief Economist, American Petroleum Institute
This document summarizes findings from a study on diet transformation in Ethiopia between 2000-2011. Key findings include:
1) Ethiopians are consuming more calories on average and diversifying their diets away from cereals towards more expensive foods like animal products and processed foods.
2) Urban and richer populations have seen the biggest changes, consuming more teff, meat and processed foods compared to rural and poorer groups.
3) Income growth has been the main driver of increased calorie consumption, though some populations still have inadequate diets.
Does market access mitigate the impact of seasonality on child growth?Panel ...essp2
This document summarizes a study examining whether market access can mitigate the impact of seasonality on child growth in northern Ethiopia. The study finds that children located closer to markets are healthier and better nourished, with less severe seasonal fluctuations in weight. However, all children experienced considerable seasonal weight changes. Children near markets had more diverse diets year-round and were more likely to consume milk or dairy in non-lean seasons. While market access improves nutrition, it does not prevent all impacts of seasonality. The findings suggest a need for broader market integration and improved food storage and irrigation technologies to further mitigate seasonal effects on children.
Children’s diets, nutrition knowledge and access to marketsessp2
1) A study of 775 households in rural Ethiopia found that children's diets consist of few food groups, indicating low dietary diversity.
2) Improving household nutrition knowledge through programs like behavioral change communication can significantly increase children's dietary diversity by 0.7 food groups on average.
3) However, this positive impact of better nutrition knowledge on children's diets is only seen in households with relatively good access to markets. For more remote households, both improving nutrition knowledge and ensuring access to diverse foods are needed to enhance children's nutrition.
Pathways Less Explored – Aspirations, Locus of Control, and Agricultural Tran...essp2
This document discusses how psychological and social factors like aspirations and locus of control can influence agricultural transformation in Ethiopia. It finds that poorer individuals tend to have a more external locus of control (LOC), believing success is due to external forces like chance or powerful others rather than internal factors they control. Those with a more internal LOC are more likely to adopt modern farm inputs that could increase productivity. The findings suggest LOC and other psychological influences should be considered in policy design to complement traditional incentives in order to accelerate agricultural transformation and reduce poverty in Ethiopia. More research is still needed but the results indicate these "softer" influences may be important complementary pathways.
Overview of AgSS Data with Gender Perspective and the Gapsessp2
This document discusses gender disaggregation in agricultural statistics in Ethiopia. It outlines that while the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) collects agricultural statistics data and has a gender mainstreaming directorate, there are still gaps in fully representing women's activities and preferences. Specifically, analyzing data at the household level only assumes equal participation and decision-making within households. The way forward includes further disaggregating existing data, additional surveys to address gaps, and creating partnerships to improve gender-disaggregated official agricultural statistics despite resource constraints.
Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture and Nutritional Outcomes in Ethiopiaessp2
Women's empowerment in agriculture is linked to better nutritional outcomes for children and women in Ethiopia. The study found that women's empowerment, measured using the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), had a positive impact on children's dietary diversity and women's dietary diversity. Specifically, having a say in credit decisions, autonomy in production, and control over income were associated with improved nutritional status. Factors like production diversity, wealth, education levels, and lack of economic shocks also influenced nutritional outcomes. The results confirm other studies that found women's empowerment, through measures like production autonomy and group membership, can enhance household nutrition.
Rural Finance and Intra-Household Decision-Makingessp2
This document summarizes a presentation on gender and agriculture with a focus on rural finance and intra-household decision making. It uses data from surveys of 400 male-headed households and 200 female-headed households in Amhara, Ethiopia, as well as a larger survey of 3000 households in multiple regions. The surveys found that men dominate input and production decisions, though asking husbands and wives separately provides more nuanced insights. Regarding savings, men control savings in male-headed households more while women control loans and savings in female-headed households. Women also have less access to financial resources and knowledge within male-headed households.
Dr. Dennis DiPietre - Bacon Quality Dilemma - Production for Pigs and the DDGSJohn Blue
Variability in the Principal Determinants of Cost of Production for Pigs and the DDGS - Bacon Quality Dilemma - Dr. Dennis DiPietre, KnowledgeVentures, LLC, from the 2013 Boehringer Ingelheim Swine Health Seminar, August 16-18, 2013, Wrightsville Beach, NC, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2013-boehringer-ingelheim-carolina-swine-health-seminar
A spatial assessment of livestock production and market accessessp2
This study analyzes spatial patterns of livestock production and market access in Ethiopia between 2000-2008. It finds that livestock production, especially of shoats, is increasing fastest in the highland regions of Oromia, Amhara, and SNNP. Production is concentrated near markets within 5 hours travel. Pressure on grazing land is also rising due to population growth and larger herds on fixed land. Ethiopia has high livestock density compared to neighboring countries. Further analysis of land use change is needed to assess environmental sustainability.
The document discusses India's progress toward more inclusive economic growth, noting that while poverty has declined and certain sectors like services have grown, challenges remain in ensuring all citizens benefit from development, such as disparities between rural and urban areas, low quality employment, and uneven growth across states. It analyzes factors influencing inclusive growth such as agricultural development, employment, social indicators, regional differences, and the environment, and proposes policy actions to promote more equitable and sustainable development.
The document discusses the Indian economy and trends in Asian economies. It provides an overview of India's economic transition to a services-driven economy, with services now accounting for 57% of GDP. It summarizes growth rates for key sectors in India such as agriculture, industry, and services between 2005-2011. It also discusses the impacts of the global recession of 2008-2009 on Asian economies and indicators of recovery. Overall, it analyzes economic growth trends and the structure of economies across Asia.
1) Foreign direct investment and foreign institutional investment are both types of cross-border investment but differ in nature. While FDI involves direct ownership in a business located in another country, FII refers to foreign investment in the stock markets of another country.
2) FDI provides greater control rights and is a longer term commitment, whereas FII is more short-term in nature and does not provide control over operations.
3) Both FDI and FII can provide benefits like increased capital flows and investment, but FII is more prone to being "hot money" that leaves quickly.
The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) jointly hosted the International Conference on Climate Change and Food Security (ICCCFS) November 6-8, 2011 in Beijing, China. This conference provided a forum for leading international scientists and young researchers to present their latest research findings, exchange their research ideas, and share their experiences in the field of climate change and food security. The event included technical sessions, poster sessions, and social events. The conference results and recommendations were presented at the global climate talks in Durban, South Africa during an official side event on December 1.
The document summarizes economic indicators of Pakistan from 2000-2010 including imports, unemployment, exports, GDP growth, GNP growth, and inflation rate. It presents the data for each indicator in tables and line graphs with years on the x-axis and values on the y-axis. A key point is that Pakistan's imports reached a peak of $38.3 billion in 2009 while unemployment rose to 15% in 2010 after remaining mostly steady before 2008. GDP growth was highest under President Musharraf but declined later in the period.
Trends in wheat production and consumption in SudanCIMMYT
Presentation by Dr. Mohamed B. Elgali (University of Gezira, Sudan) at Wheat for Food Security in Africa conference, Oct 9, 2012, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
The document outlines India's foreign trade policy for 2009-2014. It notes that while India's exports grew substantially from 2003-2008, the global economic crisis caused exports to decline sharply starting in late 2008. The policy outlines various measures taken by the government and RBI to stimulate exports, such as interest subvention for labor-intensive sectors, continuation of duty exemption programs, and increasing lines of credit. It also provides data on major export destinations and import commodities. The short term objectives of the policy are to reverse the decline in exports and provide additional support to hard-hit sectors.
Energizing America: Facts for Addressing Energy Policy
Ports-to-Plains Energy Summit
Omni Interlocken Resort
Broomfield, CO
April 7, 2011
Lunch Keynote
John Felmy, Chief Economist, American Petroleum Institute
Ports-to-Plains Energy Summit
Omni Interlocken Resort
Broomfield, CO
April 7, 2011
Lunch Keynote
John Felmy, Chief Economist, American Petroleum Institute
Animal Source Food (ASF) Consumption in Ethiopia: Patterns, Changes and Driversessp2
This document analyzes patterns and drivers of animal source food (ASF) consumption in Ethiopia using household survey data from 1995-2011. It finds that while ASF consumption and budget share have increased over time, per capita consumption remains low. Expenditure and prices are significant drivers of demand for ASF. The study concludes that policies to raise incomes as well as direct support mechanisms like subsidies and school feeding programs could help increase ASF consumption, which remains important for nutrition.
The presentation explains how the food and global financial crises impacted Pakistan's socio-economy. A detailed impact assessment is followed by the policy response taken in the various spheres of the economy.
An econometric approach to the economic impact of petroleum oil price fluctua...Alexander Decker
This document examines the economic impact of petroleum oil price fluctuations in Kenya using an econometric approach. A vector autoregressive (VAR) model is estimated using time series data and cointegration analysis to determine the short-run and long-run dynamics. The study finds that oil price fluctuations have a negative and significant impact on Kenya's economic performance. It recommends that the government adopt appropriate policy measures to manage oil prices since they are determined exogenously, despite debate around mismanagement in the sector.
IMPACT OF RICE PRICES ON FOOD INFLATION, 2007-2012, FINAL DRAFT,DEC.18TH,2012Matthias Ngobi Miti
This document analyzes the effect of rice prices on inflation in Zanzibar from 2007-2012. It finds that a 1% increase in monthly rice prices increases headline, non-food, and food inflation by 0.201%, 0.171%, and 0.243% respectively. Zanzibar retail rice prices closely follow Thai import prices, though sometimes increase more over 12 months. The document recommends increasing domestic rice production, eliminating barriers to rice imports, and expanding social protection for vulnerable households to help address food inflation.
The document provides an overview of key Indian and global economic and financial indicators for March 2011. It includes sections on growth, price, banking, exchange rate, interest rate, stock market, capital flow, and commodity market indicators for the Indian economy as well as economic and stock market indicators for the global economy. The first part also provides a quarterly breakdown of India's GDP growth, contributions by economic sector, and consumer price inflation numbers.
Similar to Foreign Exchange Rationing and Food Security in Ethiopia (20)
This document discusses constrained multiplier analysis by relaxing the assumption of unlimited factor resources. It introduces the concept of constraining some sectors' production levels to model resource constraints in agriculture, mining, and government services. The constrained multiplier formula is derived, distinguishing between supply-unconstrained and constrained sectors. A matrix format is used to represent the formula, with the constrained multiplier calculated as the inverse of the identity matrix minus an adjusted coefficient matrix, multiplied by the exogenous components matrix. Readers are directed to a worksheet exercise to calculate constrained multipliers using the mathematical equations and Excel functions.
This document provides an introduction to multiplier analysis using social accounting matrices (SAM). It outlines how economic linkages transmit the effects of exogenous demand shocks through an economy. The direct and indirect effects are explained, with indirect effects including consumption and production linkages. An unconstrained SAM multiplier model is presented, with formulas derived to calculate economy-wide output, income, and sectoral responses to exogenous changes in demand. Exercises are provided to build a multiplier model in Excel and calculate multipliers.
The document provides an introduction to social accounting matrices (SAM) and economywide analysis. It discusses key concepts such as:
- SAMs capture the circular flow of income and expenditures between households, firms, government, and the rest of the world.
- Economywide analysis considers how changes in one sector can impact other sectors through economic linkages.
- A SAM shows payments by columns and receipts by rows to ensure double-entry bookkeeping and macroeconomic consistency.
- Building a SAM requires data from various sources like national accounts and household surveys, which are reconciled using statistical techniques.
Panel on ‘Statistical Data for Policy Decision Making in Ethiopia’, African Statistics Day Workshop organized by the Ethiopian Statistics Service (ESS). 17-Nov-22.
This document discusses sustainable food systems. It defines a food system as encompassing all actors and activities involved in food production, processing, distribution, consumption and disposal. A sustainable food system is one that provides food security and nutrition for current and future generations without compromising economic, social or environmental sustainability. It must be economically viable, socially equitable, and have neutral or positive environmental impacts. The food system is driven by biophysical, demographic, technological, political, economic and socio-cultural factors.
The document summarizes Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP), a large social protection program that aims to smooth food consumption and protect assets for chronically food insecure communities. Key points:
- The PSNP provides direct transfers and public works projects to build community assets like roads and irrigation. It supports up to 8 million beneficiaries with a budget of $0.5 billion annually.
- Independent evaluations show the PSNP improved household food security and dietary diversity but had little impact on child nutrition outcomes. It did not reduce labor supply or crowd out private transfers.
- While the PSNP enhanced resilience, graduation remains a challenge. Targeting in lowland areas also proved difficult. Ensuring timely payments
Some Welfare Consequences of COVID-19 in Ethiopiaessp2
1) The study examines the impacts of COVID-19 on food marketing margins in Ethiopia using phone surveys of farmers, wholesalers, and retailers conducted in February 2020 and May 2020.
2) The surveys found that over 50% of farmers reported receiving less income in May compared to usual times, though most planned to continue vegetable production. Wholesalers reported decreased transport options and client numbers but stable or lower costs, while most retailers saw lower client numbers but stable or lower costs and losses.
3) Retail prices for the main vegetables remained quite stable between February and May, suggesting marketing margins absorbed most impacts of COVID-19 disruptions on vegetable supply chains in Ethiopia during the
Improving evidence for better policy making in Ethiopia’s livestock sector essp2
1. The document discusses Ethiopia's evolving livestock sector and improving evidence for better policy making.
2. While livestock contributed little to GDP growth, there is considerable potential for growth given Ethiopia's large livestock populations and rising demand for animal-sourced foods.
3. Factors like education, household size, extension services, and herd size are positively associated with adoption of improved practices and inputs like vaccination and cross-breeding.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Food Security in Ethiopia – An Interim Analysisessp2
This document summarizes the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security in Ethiopia. It finds that the pandemic is likely to have large short-term negative economic effects through impacts on exports, imports, remittances and domestic lockdown measures. This will reduce GDP, household incomes, employment and agricultural market functioning. Many households are already experiencing income losses, higher food prices and shifts away from nutritious foods. Recommendations include continuing the government's response, addressing misinformation, expanding social safety nets and implementing selective lockdowns.
COVID-19 and its impact on Ethiopia’s agri-food system, food security, and nu...essp2
The document summarizes the effects of COVID-19 on agricultural value chains in Ethiopia. It discusses how measures taken to prevent spread of the virus, such as closing land borders and restricting movement between regional states, have reduced economic activity. It then outlines an assessment of local rural-urban value chains to understand how the pandemic is impacting farmers' incomes, market access, and food security. The assessment will focus on commodities like potatoes, onions, and tomatoes that rely on transportation between rural and urban areas. Recommendations will be made on how to minimize disruptions to the agricultural sector during this crisis.
This short document does not contain any clear topics, details, or essential information to summarize in 3 sentences or less. It only includes line numbers without any accompanying text.
AFFORDABILITY OF Nutritious foods IN ETHIOPIAessp2
This document summarizes research on the affordability of nutritious diets in Ethiopia. It finds that between 2001 and 2017, the cost of the least expensive diet providing adequate calories and nutrients for an adult woman increased 67% from $0.91 to $1.52. While real prices of some staple foods have decreased in recent years, prices of nutrient-rich foods like dairy, eggs, and meat have increased substantially. However, overall affordability has improved due to rising incomes. Still, ensuring adequate supply of nutritious foods is important to keep their prices low.
The EAT Lancet Publication: Implications for Nutrition Health and Planetessp2
The document discusses a publication by the EAT-Lancet Commission that aimed to define global scientific targets for healthy diets from sustainable food systems. It established a reference diet of 2500 calories per day consisting of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, plant proteins, unsaturated fats, and limited red meat and sugar. Current diets vary widely from this target. The commission also set planetary boundaries related to greenhouse gas emissions, land and water use, and nutrient flows to define a safe operating space for food production. Global modeling was used to identify combinations of measures needed to meet dietary targets sustainably by 2050, such as shifting diets, reducing food waste, and improving agricultural practices.
Sustainable Undernutrition Reduction in Ethiopia (SURE): Evaluation studies essp2
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1) Access to nutritious foods is challenging for many households in Ethiopia, especially low-income households, due to high costs and an inability to afford animal-source proteins, zinc, iron, and other micronutrients that are critical for young children's development.
2) A study found that households in Ethiopia spend around 25,000 birr per year on food, with 14,535 birr from purchases and 11,000 birr from own production, but still struggle to meet half of nutritional requirements for children under two.
3) Factors like religious fasting practices and lack of separate feeding plates for children can negatively impact children's diet diversity in Ethiopia. Increased investment in small and
Kaleab Baye presented on diets and stunting in Ethiopia. Stunting rates have declined overall but inequalities persist, with the lowest wealth quintile having the highest rates. Complementary foods in Ethiopia are often low in quantity, diversity, and quality. Improving maternal and child nutrition requires interventions across food systems to increase availability, accessibility, and affordability of nutrient-dense foods as well as improving caregiver feeding practices and maternal health. Comprehensive measures are needed to assess diet quality and reduce consumption of unhealthy foods and risks to food safety.
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Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
Foreign Exchange Rationing and Food Security in Ethiopia
1. Foreign Exchange Rationing
and
Food Security in Ethiopia
Paul Dorosh
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
(Ethiopia Strategy Support Program, ESSP-2)
Hashim Ahmed
Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI)
Ethiopian Economics Association
Seventh International Conference on the Ethiopian Economy
26 June, 2009
The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not represent the official positions
of their respective institutions.
2. Outline of Presentation
• Recent macro-economic developments
– Current account
– Nominal and real exchange rates
• Changing determinants of wheat prices over time
– Import parity and decomposition of nominal prices
• Implications of rationing of foreign exchange
• Government market interventions 2008
• Concluding observations
3. Ethiopia Trade and Current Account
Transfers, 2004/05 – 2008/09*
12
10
8
billion US$
6
4
2
0
2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09*
Imports Exports + All Transfers Exports + Net Servs + Priv Transfers Exports
* Projected.
4. Ethiopia Trade and Current Account
Transfers, 2004/05 – 2008/09*
Nominal
Nominal Exchange Real
Exchange Rate (Birr/$) World Price World Price Exchange
(Birr/$) (Index) Index ($) Index (Birr) CPI Rate Index
July 2004 8.80 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
January 2005 8.83 100.3 102.7 103.0 102.9 100.1
July 2005 8.84 100.5 101.4 101.9 111.5 91.3
January 2006 8.86 100.6 104.1 104.7 112.8 92.8
July 2006 8.87 100.8 108.7 109.6 125.7 87.2
January 2007 8.99 102.1 110.4 112.7 131.6 85.7
July 2007 9.21 104.7 116.8 122.3 143.6 85.1
January 2008 9.40 106.9 127.0 135.7 157.5 86.1
July 2008 9.83 111.7 139.6 156.0 235.8 66.2
January 2009 11.06 125.7 120.0 150.8 217.0 69.5
March 2009 11.39 129.5 120.2 155.7 222.2 70.1
July 04 - Mar 09
(percent change) 29.5% 29.5% 20.2% 55.7% 122.2% -29.9%
Source: EDRI and authors’ calculations.
5. Ethiopia: Nominal and Real Exchange
Rate Indices, 2004/05 – 2008/09*
250
200
150
100
50
0
Jul-04 Dec-04 May-05 Oct-05 Mar-06 Aug-06 Jan-07 Jun-07 Nov-07 Apr-08 Sep-08
Real Exchange Rate Nominal Ex Rate CPI World Price Index
6. Determinants of Wheat Prices
Four Market Regimes
• January 2000-June 2005: Domestic wheat prices were generally between
import and export parity
– Given levels of official imports (including food aid), there was little incentive
for private sector imports of ordinary wheat
– Domestic prices were determined by domestic supply (including official
imports) and demand
• July 2005-March 2007: Domestic wheat prices were generally at import
parity levels
– Private sector imports adjusted to equate total supply and domestic demand
at the import parity price
• April 2007- May 2008: Domestic wheat prices were again below import
parity
– Given sharp increases in world prices, private sector imports were not
profitable
• June 2008 – May 2009: Domestic wheat prices were above import parity
– Restrictions on foreign exchange for imports prevented private imports from
taking advantage of profitable import opportunities
16. Concluding Observations
• Wheat price formation regimes have changed several
times between 2000 and 2009:
– For most of this period, domestic prices have NOT been
determined by international border prices
• Given foreign exchange rationing starting in March
2008, private sector wheat importers have had
restricted access to foreign exchange
– Domestic wheat prices have been above wheat import
parity prices since May 2008
• Government sales of its wheat imports from July to
October 2008 successfully reduced domestic market
prices
– Sizeable rents accrued to those with access to wheat
imports at official prices
17. Concluding Observations (2)
• Rationing of foreign exchange has major implications
beyond the wheat market… on export competitiveness,
economic growth and income distribution
– Restricting effective demand for foreign exchange inhibits
the real exchange depreciation needed to restore
equilibrium in external accounts
– An appreciation of the real exchange rate leads to lower
prices of exportables and non-protected importables,
reducing incentives for production of tradable goods
– As in the case of wheat imports, rationing of foreign
exchange implies large rents for those with access to the
rationed foreign exchange
• Further analysis of these economy-wide effects of
foreign exchange rationing, using a Computable
General Equilibrium (CGE) model based on the 2004/05
EDRI SAM, is underway