Japan's current nuclear energy policy centers on pursuing safety as the top priority while recognizing nuclear power as an important source of stable, low-carbon energy. Key points include:
1) Nuclear power will continue playing a role in energy supply, provided the highest safety standards are met. The Nuclear Regulation Authority will independently verify safety at restarting plants.
2) Efforts to improve safety include establishing a new risk research center, fostering a culture of continuous safety improvement, and maintaining nuclear technology expertise for decommissioning and contributing to global non-proliferation.
3) Dependency on nuclear power will be lowered by developing renewable energy and energy efficiency, while carefully assessing energy needs and the timeline for restarting reactors
Geothermal Indonesia Investment Opportunities 2015Frank Mercado
The document discusses Indonesia's geothermal energy development plans and policies. Key points include:
- Indonesia has abundant geothermal resources but has only utilized around 5% of its potential. The government aims to increase geothermal capacity to 6.3 GW by 2025.
- Recent laws and regulations aim to accelerate development by clarifying rights, incentives, and pricing. The government offers fiscal incentives and tender processes to attract private investment.
- Under the national energy plan, geothermal is targeted to supply 7.1% of energy in 2025. Achieving development goals is estimated to require $20 billion in investment.
- The government roadmap forecasts increasing geothermal capacity through new
The document provides an additional report from the Japanese government to the IAEA on the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident. It summarizes further developments in understanding the earthquake and tsunami, the status of the accident response, and ongoing efforts to address lessons learned. It describes efforts to stabilize cooling of reactors and spent fuel pools, and examines response plans for decontamination and long-term management of the site. The report aims to provide transparency and engage international cooperation as Japan works to restore stability and prevent future nuclear accidents.
Climate finance sato (jica)coop geothermal energy dvpt indonesia-ccxg gf marc...OECD Environment
JICA has been supporting geothermal energy development in Indonesia through various projects and policy studies. Geothermal energy faces challenges of high exploration costs and risks that discourage private sector investment. JICA helped design Indonesia's geothermal fund and feed-in tariff policy to mitigate risks for private investors. JICA also assists the government with resource surveys and building capacity at the Center for Geothermal Resources to improve development planning. Moving forward, JICA will continue supporting policy improvements, operation of the geothermal fund, and building survey capacity to further scale up geothermal power in Indonesia.
Bangladesh is constructing its first nuclear power plant, the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant, with Russian assistance. The 2.4 GW plant is expected to begin operations in 2023 and will supply much needed electricity to help Bangladesh achieve its development goals. However, some have raised safety and economic concerns due to Bangladesh's lack of nuclear experience and reliance on foreign expertise. The plant will help meet the country's growing energy demands but debates continue around the risks versus the benefits of nuclear power compared to renewable sources.
Nigeria’s nuclear power generation project current state and future prospectsAlexander Decker
This document summarizes Nigeria's nuclear power generation project. It discusses Nigeria's current energy crisis due to insufficient electricity production to meet growing demand. Nigeria created the Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission in 1976 to pursue nuclear power as part of its energy mix. The Commission aims to develop human resources and infrastructure to deploy nuclear power plants for electricity generation. The document examines Nigeria's progress so far in its nuclear program and future plans to bring its first nuclear power plant online.
- The document discusses a quantitative study on public perception of nuclear power in Nigeria. It analyzes data collected through questionnaires to understand perceptions.
- The study found that the majority of respondents had a positive perception of nuclear power. It also found statistically significant differences in perceptions among different age groups.
- Both genders were found to have similar levels of support for building nuclear power in Nigeria, according to the study. The study concluded that nuclear power could help boost Nigeria's energy security if plants were located away from settlements in remote areas.
Particle Swarm Optimization Approach for Estimation of Energy Demand of TurkeySSA KPI
This document discusses using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach to estimate energy demand in Turkey. It provides background on Turkey's growing energy needs and reliance on imports to meet demand. The literature review summarizes past studies that have used various statistical and meta-heuristic models like genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks to forecast Turkey's energy consumption. The goal of this study is to develop a more accurate PSO model for estimating Turkey's energy demand.
China nuclear power: From Importing to exporting technologyYannick Perez
The document discusses China's nuclear energy sector. It covers:
1) The history and current status of China's nuclear power program, including the number of reactors in operation and under construction.
2) Driving factors behind China's investment in nuclear energy such as energy demand, resource distribution issues, and environmental goals.
3) The major players in China's nuclear industry including CNNC, CGN, and SPI.
4) Key technologies used in China including domestic reactor designs and plans for technology exports.
5) Regulations, safety oversight, and grid integration of nuclear power in China.
6) Remaining challenges for China's nuclear program around costs, standardization, technology independence, and management.
Geothermal Indonesia Investment Opportunities 2015Frank Mercado
The document discusses Indonesia's geothermal energy development plans and policies. Key points include:
- Indonesia has abundant geothermal resources but has only utilized around 5% of its potential. The government aims to increase geothermal capacity to 6.3 GW by 2025.
- Recent laws and regulations aim to accelerate development by clarifying rights, incentives, and pricing. The government offers fiscal incentives and tender processes to attract private investment.
- Under the national energy plan, geothermal is targeted to supply 7.1% of energy in 2025. Achieving development goals is estimated to require $20 billion in investment.
- The government roadmap forecasts increasing geothermal capacity through new
The document provides an additional report from the Japanese government to the IAEA on the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident. It summarizes further developments in understanding the earthquake and tsunami, the status of the accident response, and ongoing efforts to address lessons learned. It describes efforts to stabilize cooling of reactors and spent fuel pools, and examines response plans for decontamination and long-term management of the site. The report aims to provide transparency and engage international cooperation as Japan works to restore stability and prevent future nuclear accidents.
Climate finance sato (jica)coop geothermal energy dvpt indonesia-ccxg gf marc...OECD Environment
JICA has been supporting geothermal energy development in Indonesia through various projects and policy studies. Geothermal energy faces challenges of high exploration costs and risks that discourage private sector investment. JICA helped design Indonesia's geothermal fund and feed-in tariff policy to mitigate risks for private investors. JICA also assists the government with resource surveys and building capacity at the Center for Geothermal Resources to improve development planning. Moving forward, JICA will continue supporting policy improvements, operation of the geothermal fund, and building survey capacity to further scale up geothermal power in Indonesia.
Bangladesh is constructing its first nuclear power plant, the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant, with Russian assistance. The 2.4 GW plant is expected to begin operations in 2023 and will supply much needed electricity to help Bangladesh achieve its development goals. However, some have raised safety and economic concerns due to Bangladesh's lack of nuclear experience and reliance on foreign expertise. The plant will help meet the country's growing energy demands but debates continue around the risks versus the benefits of nuclear power compared to renewable sources.
Nigeria’s nuclear power generation project current state and future prospectsAlexander Decker
This document summarizes Nigeria's nuclear power generation project. It discusses Nigeria's current energy crisis due to insufficient electricity production to meet growing demand. Nigeria created the Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission in 1976 to pursue nuclear power as part of its energy mix. The Commission aims to develop human resources and infrastructure to deploy nuclear power plants for electricity generation. The document examines Nigeria's progress so far in its nuclear program and future plans to bring its first nuclear power plant online.
- The document discusses a quantitative study on public perception of nuclear power in Nigeria. It analyzes data collected through questionnaires to understand perceptions.
- The study found that the majority of respondents had a positive perception of nuclear power. It also found statistically significant differences in perceptions among different age groups.
- Both genders were found to have similar levels of support for building nuclear power in Nigeria, according to the study. The study concluded that nuclear power could help boost Nigeria's energy security if plants were located away from settlements in remote areas.
Particle Swarm Optimization Approach for Estimation of Energy Demand of TurkeySSA KPI
This document discusses using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach to estimate energy demand in Turkey. It provides background on Turkey's growing energy needs and reliance on imports to meet demand. The literature review summarizes past studies that have used various statistical and meta-heuristic models like genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks to forecast Turkey's energy consumption. The goal of this study is to develop a more accurate PSO model for estimating Turkey's energy demand.
China nuclear power: From Importing to exporting technologyYannick Perez
The document discusses China's nuclear energy sector. It covers:
1) The history and current status of China's nuclear power program, including the number of reactors in operation and under construction.
2) Driving factors behind China's investment in nuclear energy such as energy demand, resource distribution issues, and environmental goals.
3) The major players in China's nuclear industry including CNNC, CGN, and SPI.
4) Key technologies used in China including domestic reactor designs and plans for technology exports.
5) Regulations, safety oversight, and grid integration of nuclear power in China.
6) Remaining challenges for China's nuclear program around costs, standardization, technology independence, and management.
This document discusses nuclear energy feasibility and challenges. It provides background on the history of nuclear technology and its various uses including power generation, agriculture, food preservation, water resources and medicine. It then describes the key components of nuclear technology including fuel, moderator, control rods and coolant. It also discusses different nuclear power generation methods and the financial and environmental implications of nuclear energy. The document examines nuclear power scenarios in India and the scope for further development.
Sustainable development model of geothermal energyAlexander Decker
1) The document discusses a conceptual model for sustainable development of geothermal energy in Indonesia based on a case study of the Darajat Geothermal Power Plant.
2) It analyzes the economic feasibility and sustainability of geothermal energy development through methods like net present value calculation, multi-dimensional scaling, and interpretative structural modeling.
3) The analysis results are used to develop a conceptual model for sustainable geothermal energy development that includes a management system, funding support, management actors, and regulation management.
Ukraine has excellent technical renewable energy potential supported by feed-in tariffs and policies. The feed-in tariff payments are guaranteed until 2030 to ensure long-term investment security, and the tariff is adjusted monthly for inflation. Recent improvements to permitting and licensing have increased Ukraine's rank in indicators of ease of doing business.
Réflexions sur le secteur nucléaire américainGuillaume Vaast
- The document discusses nuclear power in the United States, including its role in electricity production, the types of reactors currently operating, safety and production levels. It also covers license renewals allowing reactors to operate for 60 years, power uprates, and post-Fukushima safety improvements. The organization of the US nuclear industry and regulating body NRC is described. Challenges like low natural gas prices leading to some reactor shutdowns are mentioned. The document concludes with perspectives on nuclear waste storage and the recommendations of the Blue Ribbon Commission.
This document contains a section-by-section analysis of proposed bipartisan climate change legislation. It outlines 8 sections that would establish a Presidential Commission on Climate Change to develop a national strategy, create an Office of Global Climate Change within DOE, implement a voluntary greenhouse gas emissions reduction program, establish a climate technology research and development program, and require energy research plans to include reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The analysis provides details on the purpose and requirements of each proposed section.
Peak Shaving Using Grid-Connected Solar Panels Case Study: Ministry of Islami...IJERA Editor
The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the application of renewable energy, namely solar energy,for peak shaving during peak loads and to investigate the feasibility of using grid-connected solar system for electricity generation in Ministry of Awqaf mosques. PVsyst software is used to find the optimal design for total connected load of 80 kW. The technical performance of 80 kWgrid-connected photovoltaic (PV) solar systems was investigated. Applying renewable energy in building is required by Kuwait government, all sectors should use 30% of the consumed energy from renewable energy in year 2030. The total cost of the solar systems for 1400 mosques is around 512 million dollars and the total cost of energyis39 milliondollars per year according to 0.2 dollarwhich mean that the payback period within 13 years.Based on the study results, the development of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV)solar system in Awqaf mosques in Kuwait could be economically viable and provide peak shaving during peak loads.
The document discusses India's proposed Jaitapur nuclear power project in the ecologically sensitive Western Ghats region. It raises concerns about the project's environmental clearance being based on outdated data, lack of local approval, and location in a seismically active area. The regulatory framework for India's nuclear sector is criticized as having limited oversight and inadequate laws governing disaster management and compensation. Given these regulatory issues and lessons from past nuclear accidents in India and Fukushima, the document recommends shelving the Jaitapur project and exploring non-nuclear renewable energy options instead of placing a large nuclear project in the environmentally important Western Ghats region.
This document provides a draft critical materials strategy for the U.S. Department of Energy. It examines 14 materials that are important for clean energy technologies like wind turbines, electric vehicles, solar cells, and energy-efficient lighting. These materials face supply risks due to their concentration in a small number of countries and long lead times to increase production. The report assesses the criticality of these materials, outlines current U.S. and international programs, and provides supply and demand projections. It identifies directions for research, information gathering, permitting, financing, recycling, and diplomacy to strengthen domestic supply chains and reduce vulnerabilities.
- Turkey's electricity consumption rose 2.7% in 2015 to 264.1 billion kWh while output fell 3.1% to 259.7 billion kWh. Additional renewable energy capacity of 4,558 MW was added in 2015 including 219 MW of geothermal, 835.6 MW of wind, and 2,229 MW of hydro.
- Turkey has significant solar, wind, hydro, and natural gas resources for electricity generation. Various policies aim to increase renewable capacity and develop a competitive electricity market.
This document discusses Japan's decision to return to nuclear energy four years after the Fukushima disaster. It provides context on Japan's pre-Fukushima nuclear policy and the global discourse around nuclear energy. Post-Fukushima, some countries like Germany decided to phase out nuclear power due to risks, while others like Japan took the approach of reinforcing safety measures to continue nuclear energy. The document examines factors like public opinion and media framing that influenced Japan's decision to restart nuclear reactors at Sendai, signaling its return to nuclear power generation.
Department of alternative energy development and efficiency (dede)PSPSolutions.net
This document discusses Thailand's energy situation and plans to increase renewable energy and energy efficiency. It provides the following key points:
1) Thailand currently relies heavily on fossil fuels for its energy needs, with renewable energy making up only 12.94% of total energy consumption.
2) Thailand has set targets in its Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) and Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP) to increase renewable energy to 30% of total energy consumption and reduce energy intensity by 30% by 2036.
3) The EEP outlines 10 measures to promote energy efficiency, including energy management systems, building energy codes, and standards and labeling for energy efficient products. Designated factories and buildings are required to
Intervenant: Guang Guo, Acting Technical Director for CNPEC French Branch
thèmes: China energy development, China's energy policy, renewable energy Development,international cooperation, CNPEC/CGN
Présentation lors d’une table ronde sur les perspectives de plusieurs pays à la convention SFEN du 4 avril 2013.
#MP2013 Presentation of the MInister of PowerFMINigeria
The document summarizes the mid-term achievements of President Goodluck Jonathan in the Nigerian power sector from 2011 to 2013. It outlines the completion of several new power generation projects adding over 1,500 MW of capacity. It also details rehabilitation works done to improve capacity at existing hydroelectric stations. Transmission infrastructure was expanded with the completion of new substations and transmission lines by the Transmission Company of Nigeria and Niger Delta Power Holding Company, increasing grid capacity. Diversification of energy sources through development of coal, small hydro, and wind power was also discussed.
Ministerial Press Briefing 2014 Presentation by the MInister of Power, Prof....FMINigeria
This document provides an overview, achievements, and challenges of Nigeria's power sector presented by the Minister of Power to the Joint National Assembly Committee on Gas. Key points:
- Nigeria's power sector is limited, with only 40% of the population having electricity access despite significant energy consumption. Reforms aim to privatize generation and distribution.
- Achievements include expanding generation capacity through new gas power plants, transmission infrastructure, and renewable projects. Integrated power projects could add over 10,000MW once completed.
- Future challenges include growing power availability and reliability given insufficient existing capacity to meet demand, as well as ensuring stable gas supply to support the sector's growth.
Analysis and Review of EIA of 2x (500 660) mw Coal Based Thermal Power Plant ...RituSaha3
The document is a report analyzing the environmental impact assessment of a proposed 1320 megawatt coal-fired power plant in Rampal, Bangladesh near the Sundarbans mangrove forest. Key points:
- The power plant would be built on over 1834 acres of land 14km north of the Sundarbans forest.
- Potential environmental impacts include air and water pollution that could affect the ecologically sensitive Sundarbans area.
- The report analyses the project details, location, potential impacts and raises concerns that the plant may be too close to the Sundarbans given its environmental protections under Bangladeshi and Indian law.
- Local communities could face health and livelihood impacts from the coal plant
A Review of the Energy Industry Regulation in Nigeria and some Implications f...Olaleye Adio (MIChemE)
This document provides a summary of a 16-page paper analyzing energy regulation in Nigeria, with a focus on the National Domestic Gas Supply and Pricing Regulation, and its impact on Shell Plc. It begins with an introduction to Nigeria's energy landscape and Shell's operations in the country. It then outlines Nigeria's key energy regulatory bodies and regulations governing the oil, gas and electricity sectors. Specifically, it describes the National Domestic Gas Supply and Pricing Regulation, which requires gas producers to reserve a portion of production for domestic use and establishes a pricing framework. It concludes by examining the future of this regulation and Nigeria's overall energy regulatory environment, as well as Shell's position within this landscape.
Growth of Electricity Sector in India since 1947 to 2015Ashish Verma
The Central Electricty Authority (CEA) has relaesed documents on growth and development of electricty & power sector since 1947 to Year 2015.
Major highlights are
1. in 1947 ,the installed power capacity was 1.35 GW ,but now in year 2015 India has installed capacity of 267 GW.
1. The per capita consumption of Electricty has increase. The Country have 1010 kWh per capita of consumption where in 1947 the country had only 13-14 kWh per capita of consumotion .
Background Report on Global prospects for fossil fuels with special reference...Moises Covarrubias
This document provides a summary of a report on global prospects for fossil fuels with reference to resource rent effects and carbon capture and storage (CCS). It outlines key projections from the IEA's World Energy Outlook 2014 including continued growth in global energy demand and a slowly declining but still prominent role for fossil fuels. It questions the assumptions in the IEA projections and argues that prospects for fossil fuels may be worse from a normative perspective aiming to limit climate change. Reduced demand for fossil fuel imports could benefit EU geopolitical stability. While CCS applied to gas may be compatible with climate targets, CCS on coal plants likely cannot reduce emissions enough.
Power Sector at A Glance, the monthly newsletter was founded by the management students of UPES,Dehradun. The main objective it is to provide a digital collection of all power sector news, editorials & articles in one newsletter.
The newsletter focuses on helping power sector professionals to stay updated without loosing time & money, & can be referred anywhere, anytime . The PSAG has published 9 successful editions and has a distribution network of more than 4000 in power sector companies, consultants and professionals.
Nuclear energy plays a key role in India's energy sector. It is considered more eco-friendly and efficient than other sources. India has extensive plans to increase nuclear power generation to meet its growing energy needs. However, nuclear power also faces challenges like public opposition, radioactive waste disposal, and safety issues. The Indian government strongly supports nuclear power but must also address these social and environmental concerns to ensure sustainable development of this important energy source.
The document discusses the impact of the Fukushima nuclear disaster on renewable energy development. It summarizes that the disaster led to declining confidence in nuclear power and increased investment in renewables. However, some analysts argue renewables alone cannot meet base load energy needs. The document also discusses Philippines' energy situation, including the high cost of electricity, reconsideration of nuclear power, and efforts to develop renewables through feed-in tariffs while ensuring costs do not overburden consumers or exceed grid capacity. Regulators are working to determine appropriate feed-in tariff rates to incentivize renewables development without unduly increasing costs.
This document discusses nuclear energy feasibility and challenges. It provides background on the history of nuclear technology and its various uses including power generation, agriculture, food preservation, water resources and medicine. It then describes the key components of nuclear technology including fuel, moderator, control rods and coolant. It also discusses different nuclear power generation methods and the financial and environmental implications of nuclear energy. The document examines nuclear power scenarios in India and the scope for further development.
Sustainable development model of geothermal energyAlexander Decker
1) The document discusses a conceptual model for sustainable development of geothermal energy in Indonesia based on a case study of the Darajat Geothermal Power Plant.
2) It analyzes the economic feasibility and sustainability of geothermal energy development through methods like net present value calculation, multi-dimensional scaling, and interpretative structural modeling.
3) The analysis results are used to develop a conceptual model for sustainable geothermal energy development that includes a management system, funding support, management actors, and regulation management.
Ukraine has excellent technical renewable energy potential supported by feed-in tariffs and policies. The feed-in tariff payments are guaranteed until 2030 to ensure long-term investment security, and the tariff is adjusted monthly for inflation. Recent improvements to permitting and licensing have increased Ukraine's rank in indicators of ease of doing business.
Réflexions sur le secteur nucléaire américainGuillaume Vaast
- The document discusses nuclear power in the United States, including its role in electricity production, the types of reactors currently operating, safety and production levels. It also covers license renewals allowing reactors to operate for 60 years, power uprates, and post-Fukushima safety improvements. The organization of the US nuclear industry and regulating body NRC is described. Challenges like low natural gas prices leading to some reactor shutdowns are mentioned. The document concludes with perspectives on nuclear waste storage and the recommendations of the Blue Ribbon Commission.
This document contains a section-by-section analysis of proposed bipartisan climate change legislation. It outlines 8 sections that would establish a Presidential Commission on Climate Change to develop a national strategy, create an Office of Global Climate Change within DOE, implement a voluntary greenhouse gas emissions reduction program, establish a climate technology research and development program, and require energy research plans to include reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The analysis provides details on the purpose and requirements of each proposed section.
Peak Shaving Using Grid-Connected Solar Panels Case Study: Ministry of Islami...IJERA Editor
The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the application of renewable energy, namely solar energy,for peak shaving during peak loads and to investigate the feasibility of using grid-connected solar system for electricity generation in Ministry of Awqaf mosques. PVsyst software is used to find the optimal design for total connected load of 80 kW. The technical performance of 80 kWgrid-connected photovoltaic (PV) solar systems was investigated. Applying renewable energy in building is required by Kuwait government, all sectors should use 30% of the consumed energy from renewable energy in year 2030. The total cost of the solar systems for 1400 mosques is around 512 million dollars and the total cost of energyis39 milliondollars per year according to 0.2 dollarwhich mean that the payback period within 13 years.Based on the study results, the development of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV)solar system in Awqaf mosques in Kuwait could be economically viable and provide peak shaving during peak loads.
The document discusses India's proposed Jaitapur nuclear power project in the ecologically sensitive Western Ghats region. It raises concerns about the project's environmental clearance being based on outdated data, lack of local approval, and location in a seismically active area. The regulatory framework for India's nuclear sector is criticized as having limited oversight and inadequate laws governing disaster management and compensation. Given these regulatory issues and lessons from past nuclear accidents in India and Fukushima, the document recommends shelving the Jaitapur project and exploring non-nuclear renewable energy options instead of placing a large nuclear project in the environmentally important Western Ghats region.
This document provides a draft critical materials strategy for the U.S. Department of Energy. It examines 14 materials that are important for clean energy technologies like wind turbines, electric vehicles, solar cells, and energy-efficient lighting. These materials face supply risks due to their concentration in a small number of countries and long lead times to increase production. The report assesses the criticality of these materials, outlines current U.S. and international programs, and provides supply and demand projections. It identifies directions for research, information gathering, permitting, financing, recycling, and diplomacy to strengthen domestic supply chains and reduce vulnerabilities.
- Turkey's electricity consumption rose 2.7% in 2015 to 264.1 billion kWh while output fell 3.1% to 259.7 billion kWh. Additional renewable energy capacity of 4,558 MW was added in 2015 including 219 MW of geothermal, 835.6 MW of wind, and 2,229 MW of hydro.
- Turkey has significant solar, wind, hydro, and natural gas resources for electricity generation. Various policies aim to increase renewable capacity and develop a competitive electricity market.
This document discusses Japan's decision to return to nuclear energy four years after the Fukushima disaster. It provides context on Japan's pre-Fukushima nuclear policy and the global discourse around nuclear energy. Post-Fukushima, some countries like Germany decided to phase out nuclear power due to risks, while others like Japan took the approach of reinforcing safety measures to continue nuclear energy. The document examines factors like public opinion and media framing that influenced Japan's decision to restart nuclear reactors at Sendai, signaling its return to nuclear power generation.
Department of alternative energy development and efficiency (dede)PSPSolutions.net
This document discusses Thailand's energy situation and plans to increase renewable energy and energy efficiency. It provides the following key points:
1) Thailand currently relies heavily on fossil fuels for its energy needs, with renewable energy making up only 12.94% of total energy consumption.
2) Thailand has set targets in its Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) and Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP) to increase renewable energy to 30% of total energy consumption and reduce energy intensity by 30% by 2036.
3) The EEP outlines 10 measures to promote energy efficiency, including energy management systems, building energy codes, and standards and labeling for energy efficient products. Designated factories and buildings are required to
Intervenant: Guang Guo, Acting Technical Director for CNPEC French Branch
thèmes: China energy development, China's energy policy, renewable energy Development,international cooperation, CNPEC/CGN
Présentation lors d’une table ronde sur les perspectives de plusieurs pays à la convention SFEN du 4 avril 2013.
#MP2013 Presentation of the MInister of PowerFMINigeria
The document summarizes the mid-term achievements of President Goodluck Jonathan in the Nigerian power sector from 2011 to 2013. It outlines the completion of several new power generation projects adding over 1,500 MW of capacity. It also details rehabilitation works done to improve capacity at existing hydroelectric stations. Transmission infrastructure was expanded with the completion of new substations and transmission lines by the Transmission Company of Nigeria and Niger Delta Power Holding Company, increasing grid capacity. Diversification of energy sources through development of coal, small hydro, and wind power was also discussed.
Ministerial Press Briefing 2014 Presentation by the MInister of Power, Prof....FMINigeria
This document provides an overview, achievements, and challenges of Nigeria's power sector presented by the Minister of Power to the Joint National Assembly Committee on Gas. Key points:
- Nigeria's power sector is limited, with only 40% of the population having electricity access despite significant energy consumption. Reforms aim to privatize generation and distribution.
- Achievements include expanding generation capacity through new gas power plants, transmission infrastructure, and renewable projects. Integrated power projects could add over 10,000MW once completed.
- Future challenges include growing power availability and reliability given insufficient existing capacity to meet demand, as well as ensuring stable gas supply to support the sector's growth.
Analysis and Review of EIA of 2x (500 660) mw Coal Based Thermal Power Plant ...RituSaha3
The document is a report analyzing the environmental impact assessment of a proposed 1320 megawatt coal-fired power plant in Rampal, Bangladesh near the Sundarbans mangrove forest. Key points:
- The power plant would be built on over 1834 acres of land 14km north of the Sundarbans forest.
- Potential environmental impacts include air and water pollution that could affect the ecologically sensitive Sundarbans area.
- The report analyses the project details, location, potential impacts and raises concerns that the plant may be too close to the Sundarbans given its environmental protections under Bangladeshi and Indian law.
- Local communities could face health and livelihood impacts from the coal plant
A Review of the Energy Industry Regulation in Nigeria and some Implications f...Olaleye Adio (MIChemE)
This document provides a summary of a 16-page paper analyzing energy regulation in Nigeria, with a focus on the National Domestic Gas Supply and Pricing Regulation, and its impact on Shell Plc. It begins with an introduction to Nigeria's energy landscape and Shell's operations in the country. It then outlines Nigeria's key energy regulatory bodies and regulations governing the oil, gas and electricity sectors. Specifically, it describes the National Domestic Gas Supply and Pricing Regulation, which requires gas producers to reserve a portion of production for domestic use and establishes a pricing framework. It concludes by examining the future of this regulation and Nigeria's overall energy regulatory environment, as well as Shell's position within this landscape.
Growth of Electricity Sector in India since 1947 to 2015Ashish Verma
The Central Electricty Authority (CEA) has relaesed documents on growth and development of electricty & power sector since 1947 to Year 2015.
Major highlights are
1. in 1947 ,the installed power capacity was 1.35 GW ,but now in year 2015 India has installed capacity of 267 GW.
1. The per capita consumption of Electricty has increase. The Country have 1010 kWh per capita of consumption where in 1947 the country had only 13-14 kWh per capita of consumotion .
Background Report on Global prospects for fossil fuels with special reference...Moises Covarrubias
This document provides a summary of a report on global prospects for fossil fuels with reference to resource rent effects and carbon capture and storage (CCS). It outlines key projections from the IEA's World Energy Outlook 2014 including continued growth in global energy demand and a slowly declining but still prominent role for fossil fuels. It questions the assumptions in the IEA projections and argues that prospects for fossil fuels may be worse from a normative perspective aiming to limit climate change. Reduced demand for fossil fuel imports could benefit EU geopolitical stability. While CCS applied to gas may be compatible with climate targets, CCS on coal plants likely cannot reduce emissions enough.
Power Sector at A Glance, the monthly newsletter was founded by the management students of UPES,Dehradun. The main objective it is to provide a digital collection of all power sector news, editorials & articles in one newsletter.
The newsletter focuses on helping power sector professionals to stay updated without loosing time & money, & can be referred anywhere, anytime . The PSAG has published 9 successful editions and has a distribution network of more than 4000 in power sector companies, consultants and professionals.
Nuclear energy plays a key role in India's energy sector. It is considered more eco-friendly and efficient than other sources. India has extensive plans to increase nuclear power generation to meet its growing energy needs. However, nuclear power also faces challenges like public opposition, radioactive waste disposal, and safety issues. The Indian government strongly supports nuclear power but must also address these social and environmental concerns to ensure sustainable development of this important energy source.
The document discusses the impact of the Fukushima nuclear disaster on renewable energy development. It summarizes that the disaster led to declining confidence in nuclear power and increased investment in renewables. However, some analysts argue renewables alone cannot meet base load energy needs. The document also discusses Philippines' energy situation, including the high cost of electricity, reconsideration of nuclear power, and efforts to develop renewables through feed-in tariffs while ensuring costs do not overburden consumers or exceed grid capacity. Regulators are working to determine appropriate feed-in tariff rates to incentivize renewables development without unduly increasing costs.
Solar power generation JICA Trainer Hussain Naikhussainmaloth
The document summarizes a training program conducted by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) from August 13 to September 13, 2013 on promoting photovoltaic power generation in Japan. The training was aimed at understanding Japan's policies and technical conditions for promoting PV technology. It covered topics like JICA, Japan's government policies, the basics of PV systems, and electrifying rural areas with off-grid solar home systems. Tables of contents and presentations provided details on JICA, knowledge management, Japan's energy policies and regulations, feed-in tariffs, and the basic principles and components of PV systems.
The document provides a cost benefit analysis of the proposed Haripur Nuclear Power Plant in West Bengal, India. Key points:
- The plant was proposed in 2006 but faced public opposition and was suspended. It would have had a capacity of 10,000 MW generated from 6 reactors.
- The site at Haripur is a fertile agricultural and fishing area that supports many local livelihoods. Building the plant would have displaced over 80,000 people.
- The analysis identifies and quantifies the various costs and benefits of the proposed plant to determine if it would provide a net benefit to society. Factors like energy production, employment, and environmental impacts are considered.
- While the plant may have
Uranium Market Overview – 2014 Q1
There is renewed optimism for uranium equities following a 3-year bear market sparked by the infamous Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident. On Feb 25th the Japanese government, led by Shinzo Abe, reversed the previous governments’ decision to phase out nuclear energy. Instead, nuclear is set to regain its former stature as an integral component of Japan’s electricity generation; though no timetable for reactor restarts was given. The use of Nuclear remains a heated topic with the Japanese public, as recent polls show the majority of respondents continue to oppose reactor restarts and a large majority harbour some degree of concern over reactor safety. Therefore, restarting idled Japanese reactors is likely to be contested, indicating the industry-wide completion of the process will be gradual with reactors restarting in stages. Depending on the enforcement of new safety regulations and the degree of compromise from the Abe led government, a sizable contingent of reactors may never restart.
This document summarizes International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director Andrew Orrell's presentation on international perspectives on salt repositories for nuclear waste storage. Orrell outlines the IAEA's purpose of establishing safety standards and facilitating information exchange. He then discusses developments in several countries' deep geologic disposal programs using salt repositories. Orrell notes challenges for smaller nuclear programs and newcomer countries. Finally, he emphasizes the need for further research quantifying salt's potential for nuclear waste isolation and long-term safety.
The document discusses solutions to power generation shortages in Nigeria using solar energy. It finds that providing reliable power for manufacturing activities through solar energy backup is much cheaper and safer than using generator backup. Specifically:
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Japan’s current Nuclear Energy Policy
1. Japan’s current Nuclear Energy Policy
Taizo Takahashi
Deputy Commissioner
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, METI
December, 2014
2. 1. Nuclear Energy Policy in the new strategic energy plan of Japan
2. Efforts and challenges after Fukushima
2-1. Untiring Pursuit of Safety
2-2. Maintaining and developing technologies and human resources
2-3. Appropriate Business Environment under the More Competitive Market
2-4. Spent Fuel Accumulation and the nuclear fuel cycle policy
3. Contribution to peaceful use of nuclear power in the world
Table of contents
3. 2. Basic policy regarding measures concerning energy supply and demand
1. Issues related to the energy supply-demand structure in Japan
① Concerns over the safety of nuclear power generation and deteriorated public confidence in the
government and operators
② Outflow of national wealth and increase in dependency on the Middle East, price of electricity and
greenhouse gas emission in Japan due to higher dependency on fossil fuels
③ North America's move toward independency of its energy supply by the shale-gas revolution and
widening gap of regional energy prices in the world
・We will do our utmost to achieve the reconstruction and recovery of Fukushima while reflecting on the
pains felt by the people affected by the accident at TEPCO’s Fukushima nuclear accident. Needless to
say, that is the starting point for rebuilding Japan’s energy policy.
Introduction
① To pursue "Energy Security", "Economic Efficiency" and "Environment" on the premise of "Safety" as
the basic viewpoint, in consideration of "global viewpoint" and "economic growth“
② "Multilayered" supply structure where the strength of each energy source is to be maximized by
appropriately offsetting each other's weakness
③ More "flexible and efficient" energy supply-demand structure where various options are to be prepared
by various suppliers 2
<Description in the Strategic Energy Plan of Japan>
1. Nuclear Energy Policy in the new strategic energy plan of Japan
Decided by the Cabinet in April, 2014
4. 1. Nuclear power is an important base-load power source as a low carbon and quasi-
domestic energy source, contributing to stability of energy supply-demand
structure, on the major premise of ensuring of its safety, because of the
perspectives;
i. superiority in stability of energy supply and efficiency,
ii. low and stable operational cost and
iii. free from GHG emissions during operation.
<Description in the Strategic Energy Plan of Japan>
3
1. Nuclear Energy Policy in the new strategic energy plan of Japan
Ref.) Constitution of Electric Power Supply Corresponding to Demand
5. 1.Increase in dependency on fossil fuels from overseas
About 88% of total power generation is imported from overseas. 【as of FY2013】
- It is more than the level at the time of oil crisis (about 76%).
※ dependency on the Middle East:Crude oil (83%), Natural gas (30%)
2.Increase in fuel cost (due to increase in thermal power generation)
About 3.7 trillion yen 【estimation in FY2014】
3.Increase in price of electricity
An average of about 20% increase from the level before the disaster
(monthly price of standard family:TEPCO about 6,300yen ⇒ about 8,600yen
KEPCO about 6,400yen ⇒ about 8,200yen)
4.Increase in greenhouse gas emissions 【as of FY2012】
The amount of CO2 emissions from general electricity utilities increased by about
110 million tons in FY2012 compared to FY2010. (about 9% of the total amount of
the emissions in Japan)
Energy Security
Peoples’ Life
and
Economy
Global Warming
(Ref.)Adverse Effects due to Shutdown of NPPs after the Disaster
4
6. 1. Nuclear Energy Policy in the new strategic energy plan of Japan
2. On the premise that safety comes before everything else and that every possible
effort is made to resolve the people’s concerns, judgment as to whether nuclear
power plants meet the new regulatory requirements will be left to the Nuclear
Regulation Authority (NRA)
In case that the NRA confirms the conformity of nuclear power plants with the new
regulatory requirements ,which are of the most stringent level in the world, GOJ will
follow NRA’s judgment and will proceed with the restart of the nuclear power plants.
<Description in the Strategic Energy Plan of Japan>
5
7. 1. 20 units (in blue squares) are under review for restart by the Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) in
accordance with its new safety regulations.
2. Two of the NPPs, Sendai 1st and 2nd units, got the first permission towards their restart in
September.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2
1 2
1 32
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2
1 2 3 4
1
1 2 3
1 32
1 2
1 2 3 4
3 4 5
1 2 3
NPP in operation
NPP in shutdown
Under review by Nuclear
Regulation Authority(NRA)
(Ref.) Nuclear Power Plants in Japan
shutdown
6
8. 7
2. Disaster prevention and evacuation plan
• A regional disaster prevention plan (including evacuation plan) against nuclear disaster should be
formulated by local authorities based on the Regional Basic Act on Disaster Control Measures.
• Although formulation of regional disaster prevention plan is not a legal requirement for restart, the plan is
important to ensure safety of local residents. The government supports local authorities to make a
sufficient plan.
• Kyushu Electric Power submitted its application to make changes to the reactor
installment license of Sendai NPS Unit 1 and 2 in July 2013.
• NRA compiled a draft evaluationreport in 16th July 2014 which admits that
Sendai NPPs satisfies new regulatory requirements.
• After the public comment process (until 15th August) and reviewing of the
submitted opinions, NRA granteda permission(changesto the reactor
installment license) in 10th September for the basic designand safety features
of Sendai NPPs.
• Sendai NPPs can be restarted after i) acquiring approval of the detaileddesign
and construction of the nuclear reactorsand ii) completing pre-service
inspectionof operational safety programs.
1. NRA’s Safety Review Sendai NPP
18,600 page document
was reviewed &
62 review meetings were
held for 110 hours
(Ref.) Efforts towards restart of Sendai NPPs
3. Local Consent of the restart of Sendai NPPs
• Both the governor of Kagoshima prefecture and Mayor of Satsumasendai City, hosting Sendai NPPs,
approved the restart of the NPPs, which means the local consent process was completed for those two
reactors.
9. <Description in the Strategic Energy Plan of Japan>
8
○ In the METI’s new Advisory Committee, challenges and necessary measures in using the
nuclear power as an important base-load power source are discussed based on the above
policy.
○ As for the energy mix including nuclear power, GOJ will show quickly in light of the
evaluation of each energy source after assessing the prospects for the restart of nuclear
power plants, introduction of renewable energy and the status of international discussions on
global warming problems including Conferences of the Parties (COP)
○ In order to contribute to the discussion about the energy mix, how to maintain nuclear
technologies and human resources necessary for the safety is also discussed in the
Advisory Committee.
3. Dependency on nuclear power generation will be lowered to the extent possible
by energy saving and introducing renewable energy as well as improving the
efficiency of thermal power generation, etc.
Under this policy, GOJ will carefully examine a volume of electricity to be secured
by nuclear power generation, taking Japan’s energy constraints into consideration,
from the viewpoint of stable energy supply, cost reduction, global warming and
maintaining nuclear technologies and human resources.
1. Nuclear Energy Policy in the new strategic energy plan of Japan
10. 2-1. Untiring Pursuit of Safety
1. Nuclear industry as well as GOJ must shed the so-called “safety myth”, and
pursue the world’s highest level of safety for operations through continuous and
voluntary safety improvement.
2. The industrial circles, including nuclear operators, need to set up business
schemes to persistently pursue safety and make efforts to foster safety culture
that places top priority on the safety of nuclear facilities.
3. Each nuclear power operator, with a firm resolve that it will never let another
nuclear accident to happen, should establish an appropriate risk management
system and implement objective and quantitative risk assessments such as
probabilistic risk assessment (PRA).
・“Proposals for Voluntary and Continuous Improvement of Nuclear Safety Executive
Summary”(Working Group on Voluntary Efforts and Continuous Improvement of Nuclear
Safety Nuclear Energy Subcommittee)(May 2014)
Past measure
9
<Description in the Strategic Energy Plan of Japan>
11. The Nuclear Risk Research Center (NRRC)
- Established an organization within the Central Research Institute of
Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) on October 1,2014
- Number of members: About 110
- The authorities of nuclear safety with strong leadership experience were
invited to serve as the NRRC’s executives.
10
(Ref.)Voluntary Efforts and Continuous Improvement of Nuclear Safety
Dr. George Apostolakis
The Head of the NRRC
• a former member of the U.S. NRC
• a professor Emeritus at the MIT
• a member of the U.S. National
Academy of Engineering
(Probabilistic Risk Assessment)
Dr. Richard A. Meserve
The Executive Advisor to NRRC
• a former Chairman of the U.S. NRC
• a former Legal Counsel to President
Carter’s science and technology
advisor
• an International Advisor of the J-NRA
12. 【 Maintaining and developing nuclear technologies and human resources】
1. Maintaining and developing high-level nuclear technologies and human
resources is imperative for smoothly decommissioning aged nuclear power
plants, which are expected to increase in the future, as well as TEPCO’s
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plants.
2. Even after the TEPCO’s Fukushima nuclear accident, use of nuclear energy is
expected to expand in the world. Japan, with its experience of the accident, is
expected to make contributions in the fields of safety, nuclear non-proliferation
and nuclear security as an advanced nuclear nation.
3. Because enhancing the nuclear safety in surrounding countries ensures the
safety of Japan, maintaining and developing high-level nuclear technologies and
human resources which enable Japan contribute to their safety enhancement is
essential.
2-2. Maintaining and developing technologies and human resources
11
<Description in the Strategic Energy Plan of Japan>
13. 【 Promotion of strategic technology development 】
1. GOJ promotes the development of technologies that contribute to safety
improvement of LWRs including countermeasures against severe accidents and
enhance their reliability and efficiency in order to reduce risks in case of an
accident.
2. Under international cooperation, GOJ also facilitates R&D of nuclear
technologies that serves the safety improvement of nuclear use, such as high-
temperature gas-cooled reactors which are expected to be utilized in various
industries including hydrogen production and which has an inherent safety.
2-2. Maintaining and developing technologies and human resources
12
<Description in the Strategic Energy Plan of Japan>
14. 2-3. Appropriate Business Environment under the More Competitive Market
【Exploring an appropriate business environment under the more competitive
environment】
Nuclear operators are also required to
1) maintain high-level nuclear technologies and human resources,
2) smoothly go through decommissioning work, which will increase in the future
3) quickly take the best safety measures in response to regulations reinforced
after the TEPCO’s Fukushima nuclear accident and
4) contribute to global warming countermeasures and stable electricity supply
utilizing base-load power sources.
Therefore, GOJ will explore an appropriate business environment in which nuclear
power operators can meet the above challenges even under the more competitive
environment promoted by the electricity system reform, learning lessons from the
overseas examples.
<Description in the Strategic Energy Plan of Japan>
13
15. 小売全面
自由化
(参入自由化)
Nov. 13, 2013
1stReform (Ref.) Roadmap for Electricity Market Reform in Japan
Bills
Reforms
1st Reform: passed in Extraordinary Diet in 2013
1) Establishment of the Organization for Cross-
regional Coordination of Transmission Operators
(OCCTO)
2) Action programs for 2nd and 3rd Reforms etc.
2nd Reform: Passed in Ordinary Diet in 2014
1) Full retail competition
2) Revision of applicable and regulations
associated with the abolishment of General
Electricity Utility system
3rd Reform: Ordinary Diet in 2015 (Plan)
1) Legal unbundling of
transmission/distribution sectors
2) Code of Conduct
CabinetDecisiononthePolicy
onElectricitySystemRef.orm
Establishment of the
Organization for Cross-
regional Coordination of
Transmission Operators
(OCCTO)
Apr. 2, 2013
Cabinet Decision
Abolishment
of retail tariff
Period of
transitional
arrangement for
retail tariff
Legal unbundling of
transmission
/distribution sector
(※At around 2015:Transition to new regulatory organizations)
【1st Stage】
Around 2015
【2nd Stage】
Around 2016
【3rd Stage】
Around 2018 through 2020
2ndReform3rdReform
Full retail
competition
The1stBillwaspassed.
14
16. Constr
uction
Operating
Decommis
sion
Operating
start
Early CloseConstruction
start
Shut down
Close
(original assumption)
+
-
Nuclear power business requires long and stable payback . The experiences of other countries
which have already liberalized their market indicate that it is challenging to pursue "liberalization
of electricity market" and "promotion of nuclear power business" at the same time.
• “Nuclear Power in Competitive Electricity Markets (2000)”
by OECD NEA, states
In competitive market , it’s hard to predict long-term
electrical power cost, so that Nuclear power generation,
with long lead time and significant investment cost ,may
have significant investment risk compared with other kind
of power generation.
In Liberalized market, it is unclear to predict future price or
payback of investment. Private investors prefer more
flexible and short-term payback investment.
• In the UK, the electricity market was gradually liberalized
after 1990 and achieved full liberalization in 1999. With
this background as well as with increasing development of
oil and LNG in the North Sea, there were no new
construction of NPPs for 20 years after 1995.
• In the U.S., liberalization of electricity market has been
progressed in each state after 1990. With the decreasing
price of LNG, new construction of NPPs has been
stagnated for a while. Currently there are 4 projects for
new establishment of NPPs .
(2) Influence of liberalized electricity market for Nuclear
power generation
(1) Image of the schedule for payback and risk of NPP
15
Additional
investment
Early
decommission
(Ref.) Nuclear power under the liberalized market
17. Price set to collect all cost of NPPs including decommission and
disposal of spent fuel. This price will be determined through the
negotiation between utilities and the government.
Price set by averaging forward price in the market
Strike Price
Reference Price
(Summary of FiT CfD in the UK)
• The difference between the “Reference Price” (introduced by the market price), and the “Strike Price”
(decided by the utilities and the Government to collect all cost of NPPs including decommission and
disposal of spent fuel) will be paid either by the utilities or by the Government, to level the profit and
loss of NPPs and to improve the predictability of payout.
In October 2013, EDF Group and the UK Government had reached in principle an agreement on
the key commercial terms for an investment contract (Feed in Tariff Contract for Difference (FiT
CfD)) of the planned Hinkley Point C new nuclear power plants. (The Terms: 1630kW X 2units,
Strike Price: £92.5/MWh (¢ 15.7/KWh) for 35years).
And also the UK Infrastructure Guarantee Scheme (IUK) is applicable to new nuclear power plants.
In October 2014, the European Commission (EC) concluded such measures (FiT CfD and IUK) for
Hinkley Point nuclear power plants are compatible with EU state-aid rules, if the conditions are
partly modified.
Pay the
Difference
to Utilities
Utilities Pay
the Difference
<Image of CfD>
Reference Price
Strike Price
(Ref.) Measures taken in UK
16
18. 【 Drastic reinforcement of measures for final disposal of high-level radioactive waste 】
1. GOJ will take leadership and strengthen its effort to find proper solutions of final disposal
of high-level radioactive waste without putting off implementing measures into the future.
2. GOJ will secure reversibility and retrievability so that the future generation will be able to
select the best disposal method when a better solution will be found in the future.
3. Based on this concept, the most up-to-date scientific knowledge concerning the technical
reliability of geological disposal will be periodically and continuously evaluated and
reflected in the policy. GOJ will promote study and research on alternative disposal
options of spent fuel including direct disposal method.
4. In selecting a final disposal site, it is necessary to decide on a location where safety of
disposal can be adequately secured. GOJ will therefore seek understanding on the site-
selection by suggesting a location that is scientifically considered to be better suited and
by explaining the geological and environmental characteristics of the site from scientific
viewpoints. A mechanism for local consensus building involving residents representing
various positions will be created.
・「Progress report of Radioactive Wastes WG」(May 2014)
17
Past measure
<Description in the Strategic Energy Plan of Japan>
2-4. Spent Fuel Accumulation and the nuclear fuel cycle policy
19. Literature
Survey
Preliminary
Investigation
Detailed
Investigation
Selection of Final
Disposal Site
Inviting Municipalities to Apply
for Investigations
Apply
LegalProcess
Previous Process New Process to Accelerate Selection (Draft)
Selection (Mapping)
of Scientifically Promising Areas
・ Applications from municipalities
・ Government submits requests to
multiple areas
Activities to Enhance Understanding
to be Carried Out with Priority in
Selected Areas (Explanatory Meetings, etc.)
Note: At each step, consult with the
governor and municipal head. If they
object, do not proceed to the next
stage.
LegalProcess
18
Note: Proposed new or strengthened activities are
underlined.
Securing
reversibility/retrievability
Note: Addressing mechanism to form consensus,
measures to support , etc.
Note: At each step, consult with the governor and
municipal head. If they object, do not
proceed to the next stage.
Literature Survey
Preliminary Investigation
Detailed Investigation
Selection of Final
Disposal Site
○ Research and
investigations on alternative
disposal options will be
carried out.
○ Technological reliability of
geological disposal will be
periodically evaluated.
(Ref.) New Process toward Final Disposal
20. 【 Expanding capacity of spent fuel storage】
1. The storage capacity of spent fuels will be expanded.
2. Specifically, while studying a wide range of locations as possible sites, regardless
of whether they are inside or outside the premises of a power plant, GOJ will
strengthen its effort for facilitating construction and utilization of new intermediate
storage facilities and dry storage facilities.
【 Promotion of technology development on volume reduction and mitigation of
degree of harmfulness of radioactive waste 】
1. GOJ will promote technology development on volume reduction and mitigation of
degree of harmfulness of radioactive waste.
2. Specifically, development of technologies for decreasing the radiation dose
remaining in radioactive waste over a long period of time and enhancing the
safety of processing and disposal of radioactive waste, including nuclear
transmutation technology using fast reactors and accelerators, will be promoted
by utilizing global networks for cooperation.
19
<Description in the Strategic Energy Plan of Japan>
2-4. Spent Fuel Accumulation and the nuclear fuel cycle policy
21. 【Promotion of the nuclear fuel cycle policy】
1. GOJ will make efforts to reduce the volume and harmfulness of radioactive
waste and create a nuclear fuel cycle that contributes to effective utilization of
resources while adequately taking the past history into consideration and
continuing to seek the understanding of relevant municipalities and the
international community and will promote reprocessing and plutonium use in
LWRs.
2. Specifically, GOJ will promote plutonium use in LWRs, and proceed with such
measures as completion of the Rokkasho reprocessing plant, construction of a
MOX fuel processing plant, and completion of the Mutsu interim storage facility
on the underlying premise of ensuring safety. GOJ remains committed to the
policy of not possessing reserves of plutonium without specified purposes. Also
GOJ will promote R&D of fast reactors, etc., through international cooperation
with the U.S. and France etc.
3. GOJ will position Monju as an international research center for technological
development, such as reducing the amount and toxic level of radioactive waste
and technologies related to nuclear nonproliferation. GOJ will take necessary
measures for issues to be overcome , such as the re-establishment of systems
to implement the above mentioned actions on its own responsibility.
<Description in the Strategic Energy Plan of Japan>
20
2-4. Spent Fuel Accumulation and the nuclear fuel cycle policy
22. Technical Option
Comparison Items
Direct Disposal
Reprocessing
LWR FR
Waste Image
of Disposal
Volume Ratio of Waste Generated※1 1 app.0.22
app. 0.15
Potential
Radiotoxic
ity
Reduction Period down to
Natural Uranium Level※2
app 100,000 yrs app. 8,000 yrs
app. 300 yrs
Radiotoxicity after 1,000 yrs※2 1
app 0.12 yrs
app. 0.004 years
cost※3
Nuclear Fuel Cycle – Total
(Total of Front End & Back End)
JPY 1.00~1.02/kWh JPY 1.39~1.98/kWh N/A
※The 2nd Reprocessing Plant for
FR is requiredCost of Disposal JPY 0.10~0.11/kWh JPY 0.04~0.08/kWh
Canister for
Used Fuel
(3.98m3)
Fuel Pellets in Canister
(PWR)(0.103m3)
Glass
(0.15m3)
Canister
(stainless
steel)
Vitrified
Object
Oerpack
(0.91m3)
1.34m
0.43m 0.82m
1.73m
Mitigation to about 1/330
Mitigation to about 1/12
Reduction to about 1/4
Reduction to about 1/7
* 1. Based on the estimate by Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The figure shows the relative value compared to the canister for the direct disposal set as 1.
* 2. Source: Nuclear Energy Policy Guideline The upper column shows the period required to make equivalent to the potential harmfulness level of the volume of natural uranium necessary for the power generation of 1 GWy. The lower column shows the relative value compared to the harmfulness of the direct
disposal set as 1.
* 3. Provisional Estimate by Nuclear Regulation Authority (Nov. 2011) (Case of Discount Rate 3 %) The figures of LWR disposal were calculated with two models, one with the current reprocessing & storage of used fuel, and the other with continuous reprocessing.
(1) Reprocessing spent fuel in LWRs enables a 75% volume reduction of high-level radioactive waste, and shortens
the period required to reduce the radioactive harmfulness level down to that of natural uranium to below 1/10th.
(2) Implementation of the FR/FBR fuel cycle might be able to further reduce the long-term residual radiation dosage
in high level radioactive waste, and substantially mitigate the environmental load per energy generated.
* In case of direct disposal, fission products such as uranium and plutonium remain in the waste. On the other hand, in case of vitrified radioactive
materials after reprocessing, uranium and plutonium are removed and they subsequently lower the degree of radiotoxicity.
* In case of FR/FBR, since radioactive nuclides with extremely long half-lives can be used, further mitigation of the degree of radiotoxicity could be
expected.
21
(Ref.) Significance of Nuclear Fuel Cycle – Volume Reduction and Mitigation of Degree of Harmfulness
23. 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
(Ref.) Current situation of Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant
Water Tests
Chemical Tests
Active Tests
Uranium Tests
Apr.2001 Sep.2004
Nov.2002 Dec.2005
Dec.2004 Jan.2006
Mar.2006
Step1
Step2
Step3
Step4
Step5
Mar.2016
(Planned)
Completion
(Planned)
In January 2014, JNFL applied for a conformity assessment with the
new safety standards which were enforced in December 2013.
JNFL now plans to complete the RRP in March 2016.
22
24. (Ref.) Current situation of MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant
Maximum fabrication capacity 130 ton-HM / year
Products
MOX fuel assembly for domestic Light
Water Reactors(BWR and PWR)
Size of main building
85 m x 85 m
3 basements, 2 elevated
Location place
Neighborhood of
Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant
Construction cost 210 billion yen
Although JNFL started construction work of MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant in October 2010,
construction work was interrupted temporarily by the influence of the earthquake etc.
In January 2014, JNFL applied for a conformity assessment with the new regulations
which were enforced in December 2013.
JNFL now plans to complete the MOX Fuel Fabrication Plant in October 2017.
Progress of construction: 8.6%
(September 2014)
23
25. 24
General arrangement
“GENERAL ARRANGEMENT ON THE ASTRID PROGRAM AND
SODIUM FAST REACTOR COLLABORATIONBETWEEN THE
FRENCH COMMISSARIAT A L’ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX
ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, THE JAPANESE MINISTRY OF
ECONOMY, TRADE AND INDUSTRY AND THE JAPANESE
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, CULTURE, SPORTS, SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY” was signed on May 5th, 2014
(Termination: Dec. 31st, 2019).
Implementing Arrangement
“IMPLEMENTING ARRANGEMENT ON THE ASTRID
PROGRAM AND SODIUM FAST REACTOR COLLABORATION
BETWEEN THE FRENCH COMMISSARIAT À L’ÉNERGIE
ATOMIQUE ET AUX ÉNERGIES ALTERNATIVES, AREVA NP,
JAPAN ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, MITSUBISHI HEAVY
INDUSTRIES, LTD., AND MITSUBISHI FBR SYSTEMS, INC. ” was
signed on August 8th, 2014 (Termination: Dec. 31st, 2019).
Japan and France are cooperating SFR
development, including ASTRID program in the area
of plant system design and R&Ds (Component and
analysis code development, Measures for severe
accident, Fuel).
General Arrangement
Signing Ceremony at Palais de l'Élysée
(May 5th, 2014)
(Ref.) Japan-France Cooperation on ASTRID Project
- Outline of Cooperation -
26. 3. Contribution to peaceful use of nuclear power in the world
1. As nuclear power generation is expected to be increasingly used in emerging
nations, including Asian nations, it is a responsibility that Japan must fulfill and
the world expects it to fulfill to make proactive contributions to improvement of
nuclear safety, peaceful use of nuclear power, nuclear non-proliferation and
nuclear security in the world, by sharing the experiences and lessons learnt from
the TEPCO's Fukushima nuclear accident.
2. It is imperative for Japan to proactively contribute to formulating international
standards of nuclear safety, such as the IAEA standards.
3. Japan will contribute to improvement of nuclear safety in the world by continuing
to share nuclear technologies with our enhanced safety and improved safety
culture with other countries based on the experiences and lessons learnt from the
accident, while confirming that a proper consideration is given to nuclear facilities'
safety secured mainly by hosting countries in reference to the Convention on
Nuclear Safety and the IAEA safety standards when public finance is offered on
providing nuclear power technologies to overseas, including exports of nuclear
power plants.
25
<Description in the Strategic Energy Plan of Japan ①>
27. 3. Contribution to peaceful use of nuclear power in the world
1. By making use of its experience as a non-nuclear armed country, Japan will also
actively contribute to strengthen nuclear nonproliferation through reinforcement of
the IAEA safeguards and stringent export control and international nuclear
security through actively participating global initiative such as nuclear security
summits.
2. In particular, in the non-proliferation field, it is important to intensify the efforts
toward the nuclear non-proliferation by promoting international collaboration in
enhancing proliferation resistance of nuclear fuel, and R&D to strengthen
technology of nuclear forensics, detection and safeguards, etc. Japan will go
through these efforts in cooperation with the countries such as the U.S. and
France.
3. GOJ will also set up an integrated implementing body to support development of
human resources, institutional infrastructure and others for countries that will
newly introduce nuclear power, through cooperation with international
organizations such as the IAEA.
26
<Description in the Strategic Energy Plan of Japan ②>