FOOT DEFORMITIES OF DM

1. PRESENTED BY,
SURAVI PRAMANIK
BSC NURSING

2.  A claw toe deformity is characterized
by Metatarsophalangeal joint
hyperextension
 concurrent flexion of the Proximal
Interphalangeal (PIP)
 AND Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints

4.  Synovitis: when the synovium of a
joint becomes inflamed (swollen).
 Neuromuscular disease
 Inflammatory arthropathies

5.  Taping and shoe modification
SURGICAL:
Extensor digitorum brevis tendon transfer

6.  Contracture of the proximal
interphalangeal joint
 Extended at the metatarsophalangeal
joint

7.  Hammer toes Clowed toes

9.  Arthroplasty – half of the joint under the crooked part of the toe is
removed to help the toe straighten.
 Arthrodesis – similar to above, but the entire joint is removed and a
wire or pin is inserted to help healing.
 Tendon transfer – tendons from under the toe are rerouted to
above the toe to aid straightening. This procedure may be done in
conjunction with other surgical interventions.
 Basal phalangectomy – for individuals with severe
stiffness. The base of the bone underneath the toe is removed.
 Weil osteotomy – metatarsal bone is shortened and
surgical hardware is inserted to aid healing.

10.  Bunions is the enlargement of the
metatarsophalangeal joint at the base
of the big toes.

12.  Hard or firm bump on the inside edges of
MTP joint
 Redness,swelling,pain
 Painfull motion

13.  Surgery can remove the bony
enlargement
 Simple Bunionectomy

15.  Equinus is a condition that causes limited
ankle joint range of motion.
 limited flexibility, the ankle doesn’t flex
upward (dorsiflex) as it should, and the
foot ends up compensating. This can
lead to many foot problems

17.  Achilles tendon
 Sometimes equinus is
caused by bone.
 Neurological
Disorders( like
cerebral palsy, can
cause abnormal
muscle spasms which
can lead to equinus.)

18. Conservative Treatment
 Calf stretches
 Night splints
 Heel Lifts
 Orthotics
Sometimes surgery may be needed to
correct this condition.

19. Pes cavus is a descriptive term for a foot
morphology characterized by high arch
of the foot that does not flatten with
weightbearing.
The deformity can be located in the
forefoot, the midfoot, the hindfoot, or a
combination of these sites.

21.  Polio
 Spinal cord tumor
 Muscular dystrophy
 Cerebral palsy

22.  Foot pain
 Stiff joints
 Hammer toes
 Claw toes
 instability

23.  Orthotic devices are customs made inserts
which are Placed into shoes, that provides
supports,stability,cushioning.
 Sometimes osteotomy is required.

24.  Flat feet, also called pes planus, is a
deformity
 It occurs when the arch of the foot
collapses and comes into complete or
near-complete contact with the ground.
 The condition may be congenital
(occurring at the time of birth) or
acquired (developing over time, most
often as a result of age or injury).

26.  congenital: normal in toddlers, may
persist into adulthood
 acquired secondary to:
› posterior tibialis tendon degeneration (most
common)
› Neuroarthropathy
› Trauma
› neuromuscular disease
› inflammatory arthritis

27.  Pain in the midfoot region
 Arthritis
 Foot stiffness.
 Uneven wearing of shoes.
 The sensation of foot flatness or
imbalance (particularly if only one foot is
affected).

28.  well-fitting footwear.
 Exercises may be helpful
 Physiotherapy
 Orthotic devices
 Avoid high-impact sports which involve
jumping and landing

29.  Charcot foot is a rare but serious
complication that can affect persons
with peripheral neuropathy, especially
those with diabetes mellitus.
 Charcot affects the bones, joints, and
soft tissues of the foot or ankle. The bones
become weak and can break and the
joints in the foot or ankle can dislocate.

31. There’s no specific cause for Charcot foot.
 A sprain or broken bone that doesn’t get
treatment quickly
 A sore on your foot that doesn’t heal
 An infection(HIV, Syphilis)
 Spinal cord disease or injury
 Parkinson’s disease
 Foot surgery that heals slowly

32.  The foot is red,
 Feels warm to the
touch,
 There is significant
swelling of the
extremity.

33.  This protects it and keeps it from moving.
 use crutches, a wheelchair
 Repair bones with surgery
 Wash your feet every day.

34.  Hallux rigidus literally means "stiff big toe,"
which is the main symptom of the
disorder. Hallux rigidus is a form of
degenerative arthritis

35.  Hallux rigidus is more common in females
 This may come from inheriting
 Abnormalities in the structure of your foot
 Injuries, such as stubbing your toe or
spraining the joint in your big toe
 Regularly stooping and squatting can
cause overuse of the joint in your big toe.
 Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout

37.  pain and stiffness in your big toe during
use
 swelling and inflammation around the
joint
 pain and stiffness that worsens with cold,
damp weather

38.  Avoid high-impact activities, such as
running.
 Wear supportive closed-toe shoes with
stiff soles to prevent your big toe from
bending too much.

39.  Cheilectomy(It involves shaving any
bone spurs)
 Arthroplasty

40.  Characterized by medial
deviation of great toe relative to
the 1st metatarsal bone

42. › Congenital
› Acquired
 iatogenic (overcorrection from surgery)
 trauma
 inflammatory (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis,
ankylosis spondylitis)
 neurological (e.g. Charcot-Marie-Tooth, post-
polio)

43.  Pain indicates underlying joint arthritis
or trauma
 Decreased ROM
 Weakness

44.  Shoe modifications
to accommodate
the deformity
 lateral closing
wedge osteotomy
 tendon transfer

45.  Nail abnormalities are problems with the
color, shape, texture, or thickness of the
fingernails or toenails.

46.  Beau’s lines  Clubbing

47.  Koilonychia
(spooning)
 Leukonychia (white
spots)