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-KARUN SAJEEV
 Transmitting and processing data requires
bandwidth. The more data, the more bandwidth
is needed.
 Advent of IoT resulted in increased generation of
significant volume of data
 This pose challenges of dealing with big data
from a number of geometrically distributed data
sources which are to be managed and processed
 To achieve this cloud computing is a popular
option due to its scalability, storage,
computational and other capabilities
 However,current cloud models are not
designed to handle the specifics of IoT:-
volume, variety and velocity of data
 Thus, to harness the benefits of IoT and
speed up the awareness and response to
events, we require a new set of infrastructure
 Fog computing has been identified as a viable
solution
 Fog computing places processes and
resources at the edge of the cloud, often on
network devices, while data remains stored in
the cloud. This leads to faster processing
times and fewer resources consumed
 Traditional cloud computing, on the other
hand, concentrates all applications and data
in the cloud
 Fog computing is also known as edge
computing
 Fog computing provides a highly virtualized
platform that provides computational,
networking and storage services between
cloud computing and end devices
 Fog computing brings cloud computing
closer to IoT devices
Fog computing applications are categorized
into real-time and near real-time applications
 The high availability of fog and cloud resources is
essential as an ongoing or successful attack or a
failure of infrastructure can be catastrophic to
both providers and end users
 VM migration ensures high availability of fog
computing resources
 VM is moved from one physical host to another
 There are three different approaches for VM
migration, namely:
 Cold migration
 Hot migration
 Live migration
 Pre-copy algorithm is the predominant
approach used for live migrating VMs
 Six stages of pre-copy migration process
between two hosts are:
 Pre-migration
 Reservation
 Iterative pre-copy
 Stop and Copy
 Commitment
 Activation
 Downtime is the overall time a VM is
suspended during migration that affects the
availability of VM during the migration period
 Total migration time is the total time
required to move the VM between a source
and the target host
 In all six stages, the determinant factor of
when to move to the stop-and-copy stage
after iterative pre-copy to ensure a minimum
migration time and downtime has been the
subject of recent research
The stop conditions proposed by Xen for pre-
copy algorithms are defined as follows:
 If less than 50 pages were dirtied during the
last pre copy iteration.
 If 29 pre-copy iterations have been carried
out.
 If more than 3 times the entire allocated RAM
to the VM have been copied from source to
the target host during the iterative pre-copy
stage
 Fog computing is an emerging research
topic
 Fog computing is still in its infancy stage
 Security and privacy concerns are two key
concerns in fog computing
 Therefore, there is a need for more research
in the areas
 M. Aazam and E.-N. Huh, ‘‘Fog computing and
smart gateway based communication for Cloud
of Things’’
 A. Shribman and B. Hudzia, ‘‘Pre-copy and post-
copy VM live migration for memory intensive
applications’’
 S. Yi, C. Li, and Q. Li, ‘‘A survey of fog
computing: Concepts, applications and issues’’
 C. Jo, E. Gustafsson, J. Son, and B. Egger,
‘‘Efficient live migration of virtual machines using
shared storage’’
THANK YOU

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Fog computing

  • 2.  Transmitting and processing data requires bandwidth. The more data, the more bandwidth is needed.  Advent of IoT resulted in increased generation of significant volume of data  This pose challenges of dealing with big data from a number of geometrically distributed data sources which are to be managed and processed  To achieve this cloud computing is a popular option due to its scalability, storage, computational and other capabilities
  • 3.  However,current cloud models are not designed to handle the specifics of IoT:- volume, variety and velocity of data  Thus, to harness the benefits of IoT and speed up the awareness and response to events, we require a new set of infrastructure  Fog computing has been identified as a viable solution
  • 4.  Fog computing places processes and resources at the edge of the cloud, often on network devices, while data remains stored in the cloud. This leads to faster processing times and fewer resources consumed  Traditional cloud computing, on the other hand, concentrates all applications and data in the cloud  Fog computing is also known as edge computing
  • 5.  Fog computing provides a highly virtualized platform that provides computational, networking and storage services between cloud computing and end devices  Fog computing brings cloud computing closer to IoT devices
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. Fog computing applications are categorized into real-time and near real-time applications
  • 10.  The high availability of fog and cloud resources is essential as an ongoing or successful attack or a failure of infrastructure can be catastrophic to both providers and end users  VM migration ensures high availability of fog computing resources  VM is moved from one physical host to another  There are three different approaches for VM migration, namely:  Cold migration  Hot migration  Live migration
  • 11.  Pre-copy algorithm is the predominant approach used for live migrating VMs  Six stages of pre-copy migration process between two hosts are:  Pre-migration  Reservation  Iterative pre-copy  Stop and Copy  Commitment  Activation
  • 12.  Downtime is the overall time a VM is suspended during migration that affects the availability of VM during the migration period  Total migration time is the total time required to move the VM between a source and the target host  In all six stages, the determinant factor of when to move to the stop-and-copy stage after iterative pre-copy to ensure a minimum migration time and downtime has been the subject of recent research
  • 13. The stop conditions proposed by Xen for pre- copy algorithms are defined as follows:  If less than 50 pages were dirtied during the last pre copy iteration.  If 29 pre-copy iterations have been carried out.  If more than 3 times the entire allocated RAM to the VM have been copied from source to the target host during the iterative pre-copy stage
  • 14.
  • 15.  Fog computing is an emerging research topic  Fog computing is still in its infancy stage  Security and privacy concerns are two key concerns in fog computing  Therefore, there is a need for more research in the areas
  • 16.  M. Aazam and E.-N. Huh, ‘‘Fog computing and smart gateway based communication for Cloud of Things’’  A. Shribman and B. Hudzia, ‘‘Pre-copy and post- copy VM live migration for memory intensive applications’’  S. Yi, C. Li, and Q. Li, ‘‘A survey of fog computing: Concepts, applications and issues’’  C. Jo, E. Gustafsson, J. Son, and B. Egger, ‘‘Efficient live migration of virtual machines using shared storage’’