Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) provide the ability to produce a variety of parts at non-uniform rates with small batch sizes. An FMS consists of programmable machines interconnected by an automated material handling and storage system controlled by an integrated computer system. It is characterized by variety of products, small volumes, less lead time, high quality, and low cost. The core components of an FMS include the manufacturing system, tool handling/storage, material handling/storage, and computer control system. FMS offers benefits like flexibility, higher efficiency, reduced lead times and costs, and increased productivity.
The reason the FMS is called flexible is that it is capable of
processing a variety of different part styles simultaneously
at the various workstations, and the mix of part styles and
quantities of production can be adjusted in response to
changing demand patterns.
• The FMS is most suited for
the mid-variety, mid-volume
production range
FMS is a manufacturing philosophy based on the concept of effectively controlling material flow through a network of versatile production stations using an efficient and versatile material handling and storage system.
The FMS is most suited for the mid-variety, mid-volume production range
The reason the FMS is called flexible is that it is capable of
processing a variety of different part styles simultaneously
at the various workstations, and the mix of part styles and
quantities of production can be adjusted in response to
changing demand patterns.
• The FMS is most suited for
the mid-variety, mid-volume
production range
FMS is a manufacturing philosophy based on the concept of effectively controlling material flow through a network of versatile production stations using an efficient and versatile material handling and storage system.
The FMS is most suited for the mid-variety, mid-volume production range
The proper implementation and role of flexible manufacturing system in current scenario. Better understanding of different types of flexible manufacturing system layouts and types of flexible manufacturing system.
Other than these, brief introduction of flexibility and types of flexibility in manufacturing and other industries.
Frameworks provide structure. The core objective of the Big Data Framework is...RINUSATHYAN
Frameworks provide structure. The core objective of the Big Data Framework is to provide a structure for enterprise organisations that aim to benefit from the potential of Big Data
The proper implementation and role of flexible manufacturing system in current scenario. Better understanding of different types of flexible manufacturing system layouts and types of flexible manufacturing system.
Other than these, brief introduction of flexibility and types of flexibility in manufacturing and other industries.
Frameworks provide structure. The core objective of the Big Data Framework is...RINUSATHYAN
Frameworks provide structure. The core objective of the Big Data Framework is to provide a structure for enterprise organisations that aim to benefit from the potential of Big Data
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
2. Introduction
1. A FMS consists of a group of programmable
production machines interconnected by means
of an automated material handling and storage
system and controlled by an integrated
computer system to produce a variety of parts
at non- uniform product rates, batch sizes and
quantities .
2. A FMS is characterised by the following:
Variety of products ,small volume of products,
Less manufacturing lead time ,high quality ,
Low cost.
3. What is FMS ?
A flexible manufacturing
system is an automated
Machine cell , consisting of
a group of processing
work stations,
interconnected
with automated
material handling and
storage system.
4. FMS Equipment
1. In general FMS equipments consists of the
following components:
1.Manufacturing system.
2.Tool handling and storage.
3.Material handling and storage.
4.Computer control system.
5. 1.Manufacturing System
1. The machining system consists of CNC Machine
tools (including Horizontal centre, Vertical centre ,
Turning centre) that can perform machining operations
on part families.
2. However FMS also include ASSEMBLY STATIONS,
SHEET METAL PRESSES , INSPECTION STATIONS
3. Manufacturing system capable of performing several
operations on the work piece automatically
6. • Machining centres consist of an automatic tool
changing and tool storage , pallet changer, CNC
Control and DNC control.
• Assembly workstations are used for assembly
products typically made in batches
• Industrial robots are usually considered to be the
most appropriate as automated workstations
• INSPECTION STATIONS are incorporated into
FMS by including an inspection operation at a given
work station or by designating a specific station for
inspection.
• SHEET METAL PROCESSING MACHINES consist
of press working operations such as punching ,
shearing and bending and forming processes
8. 2. Material Handling and Storage
1. This system facilitates the timely supply of un machined work
pieces from the storage to the machining centres and transport of
the machined parts from machining centres to the desired
locations.
2. Functions of material handling and storage system are
a) Random , Independent movement of work pieces between
work stations
b) Accommodation of different part configurations:
• Example : For prismatic parts , the fixture is located on the top of
pallet and is designed to accommodate different part configurations
• For rotational parts, industrial robots are used to load and unload
the machine tools and to transfer parts between workstations.
c) Compatibility with computer control: The handling system is
allowed to control directly by the computer to direct to
workstation, load and unload workstation.
9. The material handling equipments consists of
1.load/unload stations(palletising)
2.Robotics
3.AGV (AUTOMATICALLY GUIDED VECHICLE)
4.AS/RS (Automatic storage and Retrieval system)
10. • Prismatic components are set up on pallets.
• Fixture are used to locate the parts precisely on the
pallets
• Figure show FMS with a rail – mounted transport vehicle
and stationary pallets.
• FMS fixtures can accommodate part families and
minimise changeover times.
12. • A typical AS/RS is shown
• Work piece storage and retrieval can be automated by
using an automatic storage retrieval system (As/Rs).
• AS/RS consists of storage racks , a PLC based or
computer-controlled stacker crane.
• Servomotors used in the cranes can achieve
positioning accuracy and reliability.
• Elevating speeds of the stacker could be as high as
180 m/min.
13.
14. AGV
• An automatically guided vehicle (AGV) is a material handling
system which uses independently operated , self – propelled
vehicles that are guided along defined pathways in the floor.
• This vehicles are power by means of on- board batteries.
• A typical AGVS unit load carrier is shown.
• It is equipped for automatic loading and unloading by means
of Powered rollers , Moving belts , Mechanised lift platforms
or other devices.
15. 3.Tool Handling storage
1. In a FMS , various cutting tools are loaded onto the machine at
intervals depending upon their utilisation.
2. The cutting tools are stored in auxiliary tool storage from where the
required tools can be transferred to the main tool magazine.
3. Such storage units include drums ,chains, discs and other forms.
4. There is limit to the maximum number of tools available at the machine
tool (20-120).
16.
17. 4.FMS Control System
• All the elements in an FMS , Machine tools , Material
handling units and cutting tools are to be controlled in real
– time.
• A computer is used to control the operation of FMS
• Functions performed by the FMS computer control are:
1.Control of workstations
2.Production control.
3.Traffic control.
4.Shuttle control. (secondary part handling system)
5.Tool control. (Tool location Accounting and Tool life
Monitoring)
6.Scheduling.
7.System performance and Monitoring
18. FMS Layouts
• The FMS layouts are Broadly Classified into
the Following Five categories:
1.IN – Line.
2.Loop.
3.Ladder.
4.Open – field.
5.Robot – centred cell.
19. 1.In – line or progressive FMS layout
• It is most appropriate for systems in which
the work parts progress from one
workstation (WS) to the next in a well –
defined sequence with no back flow.
20. 2.LOOP FMS Layout:
• In this layout work part usually flow in one direction
along the loop with the capability at any
workstation
• The load/unload stations are located at one end of
the loop.
21.
22. 3.Ladder FMS Layout :
1. This type of layout contains rungs on which
workstations are located
2. This layout reduces the average distance travelled to
transfer work parts between stations.
23.
24. 4.Open – field FMS layout
1. The open field layout configuration consists of Loops
,ladders, and sliding organised to achieve the desired
processing requirements
2. This is appropriate for a large family of parts.
25. 5.Robot – centred FMS layout
• In this the robot is located at the approximate centre of the
layout and the other workstations are arranged around it
• Industrial robot equipped with grippers may be used for
the handling of rotational parts.
• The type of layout is well – suited for handling of cylindrical
or disk shaped parts.
26.
27. Analysis Methods for FMS
1. FMS is a complex system for study and analysis.
2. the Quantitative analysis of FMS can be accomplished or
ready by using a number of different mathematical modelling
techniques.
3. The basic techniques are as follows:
1.Static or Deterministic model.
2.Queuing models.
3.Perturbation analysis (Disturbance).
4.Simulation.
28. 1.Static or Deterministic models:
1. These models are used to estimate production throughout
, capacity and utilisation.
2. Operating characteristics of the production cannot be
evaluated by using this models.
3. A) The manufacturing lead time (MLT) is the total time
Required to process a given product throughout the plant
4. The mathematical expression is given by
where
T s i = Set –up time.
T o i = Time per operation at a given workstation.
T n i = Non-operation time Associated with the same workstation.
I= is operation sequence in the processing i=1,2,3,4,m
29. 2.The production capacity (PC) for the Group of work Centres is
given: PC= WS w HRP where
where W is the number of work centres
1. S w = Number of shift per week
2. H = Operating time in hours of each work centre.
3. RP = Production rate , units per hour.
3. Utilisation (U) is the amount of a production facility relative
to its capacity U = Output / Capacity.
4.work-in- progress is the amount of product currently
located in the plant that is either being processed or between
processing operations.
The work-in-progress is given by WIP = (PC) U (MLT)/ S w H
30. 2. Queuing Models:
1. This model is based on mathematics of
queues.
2. Queuing models are useful in the
preliminary design of manufacturing
systems but are not accurate enough at
the detailed design/operation stage.
31. 3.Perturbation Analysis
1. This model enables parameter sensitivities to be
computed in real-time
2. Perturbation Analysis works by observing nominal
experiment, which could be on the actual system or
based on the simulation
3. By performing simple computations, solutions can be
obtained questions such as:
4. What will be the performance index if the machines are
faster ?
32. 4.Simulation
1. Discrete event simulation on a computer offers the most flexible approach
for modelling the FMS.
2. There are three approaches to simulation modelling of FMS
I. a)Network or graphical models : In these model objects are represented
by graphical symbols placed in the same physical relationship to each
other as the corresponding machines are in the real world
b) SLAM and SIMAN are two widely used networking tools for FMS.
II. Data – Driven models : It consists of only numerical data
example: The numerical data may be a) A simple count of machines in a
system or
b) A table of operation times for each process on the route for a given
product.
III. Programming language models: These provides activity cycles ,
queues and an optimum cycle.
1.Activity cycle diagram (ACD) Is widely used for FMS simulation
2.It is equivalent to a flow chart of a general purpose computer
program
3.The ACD shows the cycles for every activity in the model.
33. 1.External changes such as change in product design and
production system.
2.Optimizing the manufacturing cycle time
3.Reduced production costs
4.Overcoming internal changes like breakdowns etc.
5.Lower cost per unit produced
6.Greater labour productivity
7.Greater machine efficiency
8.Improved quality
9.Increased system reliability
10.Reduced parts inventories
34. 11.To reduce set up and queue times
12.Improve efficiency
13.Reduce time for product completion
14.Utilize human workers better
15.Improve product routing
16.Produce a variety of Items under one roof
17.Improve product quality
18.Serve a variety of vendors simultaneously
19.Produce more product more quickly
20.Adaptability to CAD/CAM operations
21.Shorter lead times
35. 1.Expensive.
2.Substantial pre-planning activity.
3.Cost to implement,
4.Substantial pre-planning
5.Requirement of skilled labour
6.Complicated system
CHALLENGES
1.Determining if FMS the best production system for
your company
2.Possible expansion costs associated with implementing
FMS
36.
37. Benefits of FMS
1. Greater flexibility
2. Higher machine utilisation
3. Reduced work-in- progress
4. Lower manufacturing lead times
5. Higher labour productivity