The document discusses the composition of body fluids and fluid loss. The total body water is divided into two compartments: intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF). ICF makes up 30-40% of body weight and includes fluid inside cells, while ECF makes up 20% and includes interstitial fluid and plasma. Fluid loss in neonates includes insensible water loss of 15-30 ml/kg due to their high surface area to body mass ratio and thin skin. Other fluid losses include renal output, stool water, growth, and water from oxidation. An equilibrium is normally maintained between the ICF and ECF compartments.

1. Paediatrics seminar

2. COMPOSITION OF BODY FLUIDS
&
FLUID LOSS

3. Total Body Water
TOTAL BODY FLUID IS DIVIDED INTO 2
COMPARTEMENTS:-
1.Intracellular(ICF)
2.Extracellular(ECF)

4. INTRACELLULAR COMPARTMENT
 Consists of 40% of body weight

5. EXTRACELLULAR COMPARTMENT
Consists of 20% of body water
 Interstitial fluid- 80% of ECF
 Plasma- 20% of ECF
 Transcellular fluid
 Gastrointestinal
 CSF
 Peritonial & ocular

6. ICF & ECF
ICF (30-40%)
Interstitiial
(15%) Plasma(5%)

8. An equilibrium is always
maintained between
&
ICF ECF

9. Sodium ion
Pottasium ion

10. Intracellular Anions
Plasma anions
Chloride ion
Cl-
HCO3- 3 10 Cl-
14 6 2 40 HCO3-
24 Proteins 107
104 Proteins
Phophates
Others
Phosphate
s

11. FLUID LOSS
Plasma water loss
dehydration,anaemia
polycythemia,heart failure
hypoalbuminemia,
abnormal plasma osmolality

12. Fluid loss in neonates
Insensible water loss ----15 –30ml/kg
Renal water loss -----------60—90ml/kg
Stool water loss-------------10 ml/kg
Growth --------------10—15 ml/kg
Water of oxidation-----------15---18ml/kg

13. Insensible fluid loss in neonates
causes -----
Increase in surface area per unit body mass
Decrease in subcutaneous fat tissue
Thin epidermis
Increased permeability of epidermis