1) A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm or process that uses standard symbols to indicate the flow of logic and sequence of steps. 2) Flowcharts are useful for documenting and understanding complex logic in a language-independent way. They can represent sequential statements, branching, looping, and other control structures. 3) Guidelines for drawing flowcharts include using standard symbols, maintaining logical sequence from top to bottom, and ensuring only one line enters decision points while multiple lines can leave.

1. Flowcharts
Mukesh N.Tekwani
IsmailYusuf College of
Arts, Science and Commerce,
Jogeshwari (East),
Mumbai
tekwani@email.com
Presented at the One DayWorkshop Organized by K.P.B. Hinduja College
of Commerce, University of Mumbai on the Semester-wise splitT.Y.B.Com
and S.Y.B.Com Computer papers on
July 20, 2013

2. What is a Flowchart?
 What is a flowchart?
◦ Graphical or pictorial representation of an
algorithm or problem solving process
 Flow?
◦ Indicates the flow of logic, or sequence of
steps.
◦ There is a ‘before’ step and an ‘after’ step
◦ Flow control is needed because programs are
not linear or top-to-down
Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 2

3. Why flowchart is useful?
 A picture is worth a thousand words
 Help in understanding complicated logic
 Language-independent and so easy to write
program in various languages
 Good tool for documentation
◦ Verbose syntax of certain languages is difficult to
understand; flowchart eliminates the need to know
syntax to understand the logic
Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 3

4. What can a Flowchart Represent?
 Sequential statements – assignment,
calculations, input & output
 Branching or Selection Statements – if-then,
if-then-else: using Decision Symbol
 Looping Statements – for, while loops
 Switch-Case statement (successive decision
symbols)
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5. Symbols used in Flowcharts
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6. Guidelines in Drawing a Flowchart
 Logical sequence
 Standard symbols
 Direction of flow  top-to-down
◦ To jump to a step further down, go from right
◦ To jump to a step above the current step, go
from left
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7. Guidelines in Drawing a Flowchart
 Only one flow line should enter a decision
symbol
 More than one flow line may leave a symbol
 Only one flow line used with Stop symbol
 Use connector symbol to breakup a
complex flowchart
 A flowchart must end with the Stop
statement
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8. Flowchart of ‘while’ loop
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9. Flowchart of ‘for’ loop
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10. Flowchart of ‘if’ statement
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11. Flowchart of ‘if-else’ statement
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12. Flowchart of ‘switch-case’ statement
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13. Sum of Two Numbers
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14. START
INPUT X, Y
Is X > Y ?
BIG = X
Yes
PRINT BIG
BIG = Y
STOP
No
L
a
r
g
e
r
O
f
T
w
o
N
u
m
b
e
r
s
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15. F
a
c
t
o
r
i
a
l
o
f
a
N
u
m
b
e
r
Yes
START
Read N
F = 1
M = 1
Is
M = N?
F = F * M
Print F
No
M = M + 1
STOP
Assume:
N  no. whose factorial is
required
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16. MultiplicationTableofanumberinputby
user
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17. Flowchart – Find the Largest of Three Numbers
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18. Limitations of Flowcharts
 Complex – for lengthy algorithms, flowchart
can be very large  difficult to follow
 Time-consuming – drawing complex
flowcharts can be very time-consuming
 Modification – difficult to modify; redraw
entire flowchart
 Update – program update is easier; not so
for flowcharts  redraw flowchart !
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19. Exercise
 Design an algorithm and the corresponding
flowchart for finding the sum of the numbers
2, 4, 6, 8, …, n
 Draw a flowchart to read 100 numbers and
then display the sum
 Draw a flowchart to display all odd numbers
between 0 and 1000
 Draw a flowchart to find the sum of first 10
natural numbers and then display the sum
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20. Suggestions
 Algorithm  Flowchart  Program
 Use programs in C language to develop
questions on Algorithms and Flowcharts
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21. THANK YOU
STOP
Mukesh N.Tekwani20 July 2013 21