International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Study on Properties of Fresh and Hardened Self Compacting Concrete with Varie...IOSRJMCE
The objective of this paper is to study the properties of fresh and hardened self compacting concrete with varied percentages of metakaolin as mineral admixture (M40 grade). In this study cement is replaced by metakoalin with varied percentages, 20%, 22%, 24%, 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, 34%, 36% & 38% with a constant packing factor of 1.14. In the present study, B233 GLENIUM super plasticizer is used. As per the European guidelines for Self-compacting concrete, the workability tests such as slump flow test, V-funnel test and L- box, U-box test were carried out in laboratory. The concrete specimens were cured in the tank for 7 and 28 days and tested for determining the compressive strength and split tensile strength and flexural strength respectively. From the study it is observed that workability and mechanical properties such as Compressive strength, Split tensile strength and Flexural strength test increased with increase in metakoalin up to 30% and decreased from 32% to 38%. Non Destructive Test is also performed to assess the quality of concrete in the hardened state.
Study of Mechanical Properties in SCC by Blending Cement Partially With Fly A...IJSRD
The development of self-compacting concrete has been one of the most important materials in the modern building industry. The purpose of this concrete concept is to decrease the risk due to human factor. The use of SCC is spreading worldwide because of its very attractive properties. In the present investigation Blended SCC is the one in which some percentage of cement content used for the concrete is replaced by any of the mineral admixtures. Here, the present study to development of blended self-compacting concrete by replaced in the mineral admixtures using Fly ash 0-30% and metakaolin 0-30% as the weight of cement. Study the rheological properties and mechanical properties of developed blended SCC mixes in the laboratory condition and different curing ages. In recent years, many researchers have established that the use of supplementary cementatious materials (SCMs) like blast furnace slag, silica fume, metakaolin (MK), fly ash (FA) and rice husk ash (RHA) etc. can, not only improve the various properties of concrete both in its fresh and hardened states, but also can contribute to economy in construction costsruning.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Self compacting concrete for slip form pavingeSAT Journals
Abstract Slip form paving has been extensively used worldwide for construction of pavements. During the process of paving, concrete mix with a slump less than 50 mm is placed in front of a paver. Because of the low consistency of the mix, a great deal of vibration is needed to move entrapped air and compact the concrete. There is a need to overcome problem by designing a concrete that would not require vibration to compact the concrete mix, at the same time stability after extrusion and high flexural strength. Mix design based on the absolute volume concept was adopted to fabricate SFSCC. Volume of paste of 0.38 and water content of 200 kg/m3 was kept constant throughout the study. Cement content was varied from 360 to 425 kg/m3, 3 mixes of SCC with GGBS (SFSCC-S), 3 mixes of SCC with 2% of alccofine replaced by cement (SFSCC-SA) and 3 mixes of SCC with 2% of metakaolin replaced by cement (SFSCC-SM) is reported. The quantity of polypropylene fibers used in all the mixes was 900 gm/m3. Slump, spread, green strength and compaction factor were evaluated for all the 9 mixes. To simulate the practical construction process, a mini paver system was fabricated. The strength parameters compressive and flexural strength of concrete was evaluated at 7 days and 28 days. Keywords: Slip form paving, alccofine, SCC, GGBS, metakaolin, SFSCC, SP.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Study on Properties of Fresh and Hardened Self Compacting Concrete with Varie...IOSRJMCE
The objective of this paper is to study the properties of fresh and hardened self compacting concrete with varied percentages of metakaolin as mineral admixture (M40 grade). In this study cement is replaced by metakoalin with varied percentages, 20%, 22%, 24%, 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, 34%, 36% & 38% with a constant packing factor of 1.14. In the present study, B233 GLENIUM super plasticizer is used. As per the European guidelines for Self-compacting concrete, the workability tests such as slump flow test, V-funnel test and L- box, U-box test were carried out in laboratory. The concrete specimens were cured in the tank for 7 and 28 days and tested for determining the compressive strength and split tensile strength and flexural strength respectively. From the study it is observed that workability and mechanical properties such as Compressive strength, Split tensile strength and Flexural strength test increased with increase in metakoalin up to 30% and decreased from 32% to 38%. Non Destructive Test is also performed to assess the quality of concrete in the hardened state.
Study of Mechanical Properties in SCC by Blending Cement Partially With Fly A...IJSRD
The development of self-compacting concrete has been one of the most important materials in the modern building industry. The purpose of this concrete concept is to decrease the risk due to human factor. The use of SCC is spreading worldwide because of its very attractive properties. In the present investigation Blended SCC is the one in which some percentage of cement content used for the concrete is replaced by any of the mineral admixtures. Here, the present study to development of blended self-compacting concrete by replaced in the mineral admixtures using Fly ash 0-30% and metakaolin 0-30% as the weight of cement. Study the rheological properties and mechanical properties of developed blended SCC mixes in the laboratory condition and different curing ages. In recent years, many researchers have established that the use of supplementary cementatious materials (SCMs) like blast furnace slag, silica fume, metakaolin (MK), fly ash (FA) and rice husk ash (RHA) etc. can, not only improve the various properties of concrete both in its fresh and hardened states, but also can contribute to economy in construction costsruning.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Self compacting concrete for slip form pavingeSAT Journals
Abstract Slip form paving has been extensively used worldwide for construction of pavements. During the process of paving, concrete mix with a slump less than 50 mm is placed in front of a paver. Because of the low consistency of the mix, a great deal of vibration is needed to move entrapped air and compact the concrete. There is a need to overcome problem by designing a concrete that would not require vibration to compact the concrete mix, at the same time stability after extrusion and high flexural strength. Mix design based on the absolute volume concept was adopted to fabricate SFSCC. Volume of paste of 0.38 and water content of 200 kg/m3 was kept constant throughout the study. Cement content was varied from 360 to 425 kg/m3, 3 mixes of SCC with GGBS (SFSCC-S), 3 mixes of SCC with 2% of alccofine replaced by cement (SFSCC-SA) and 3 mixes of SCC with 2% of metakaolin replaced by cement (SFSCC-SM) is reported. The quantity of polypropylene fibers used in all the mixes was 900 gm/m3. Slump, spread, green strength and compaction factor were evaluated for all the 9 mixes. To simulate the practical construction process, a mini paver system was fabricated. The strength parameters compressive and flexural strength of concrete was evaluated at 7 days and 28 days. Keywords: Slip form paving, alccofine, SCC, GGBS, metakaolin, SFSCC, SP.
Experimental Investigations on Fresh Properties of Binary and Ternary Blended...AbdulRazakBH
Abstract--- Binder-chemical admixture compatibility plays a vital role in deciding the performance of concrete especially in the fresh state. Optimum dosage of chemical admixture is helpful in controlling various fresh properties of Self Compacting Concrete(SCC) and avoiding the problems of segregation and bleeding in blended concrete with mineral admixtures such as Ground granulated Blast Furnace Slag(GGBS) and Alccofine(Ultrafine GGBS). The study focusses on optimization of chemical admixture dosage for binary and ternary blended concrete for the production of SCC. Various combinations of binary blended concrete and ternary blended concrete along with control mix(only OPC) are tested for workability properties for passing ability, filling ability and and resistance to segregation(V-Funnel Time). It was observed that concrete containing higher GGBS required lesser dosage of chemical admixture for satisfying workability properties as per EFNAARC guidelines. Alccofinewas added at 5% to compensate for hardened properties.
Keywords--- Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Alccofine, Self Compacting Concrete (SCC).
An Experimental Study on Structural Grade Concrete Using Multi Mineral Admixt...IJERD Editor
Supplementary cementitious material (SCM) such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag
sand silica fume are extensively used in construction. A partial replacement of cement by mineral admixtures
such as, fly ash, GGBFS, silica fume (SF) in concrete mixes would help to overcome these problems and lead to
improvement in the durability of concrete. In this thesis of work, an attempt has been made to study the
mechanical properties of structural grade concrete using ternary blend.
DURABILITY STUDIES OF GGBS AND METAKAOLIN BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE Ijciet 08...IAEME Publication
The objective of this research work was to produce a carbon dioxide emission free cementious
material. The geopolymer concrete is such a vital and promising one. In this study, geopolymer is
prepared from ‘Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag’ (GGBS) a powder from grinding the byproduct
of slag waste from blast furnace of steel plants and metakaolin from industry. The Alkaline
liquids used in this study for the polymerization process are the solutions of sodium hydroxide
(NaoH) and sodium silicate (Na2Sio3).A 8 Molarity and 10 Molarity solutions was taken to prepare
the mix. The cube compressive strength was calculated for different mixes. The cube specimens are
taken of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm. Ambient curing of concrete at room temperature was
adopted. In total 180 cubes were casted for their compressive strength at age of 28 days
respectively. The test data indicate that on exposure to 5% Sodium Sulphate, Sulphuric Acid and
Sodium Chloride, the losses in weight, and strength of geopolymer concrete (GPC) are
significantly much less than those for cement concrete. Thus the geopolymer concrete is considered
to be an environmentally pollution free construction material.
INFLUENCE OF VISCOSCITY MODIFYING ADMIXTURES ON FRESH AND HARDENED PROPERTIES...Ijripublishers Ijri
The use of self-compacting concrete (scc) in general building and civil engineering constructions is becoming popular
over the years ever since it was invented and guide-lines have been formulated by the efnarc (european federation of
national association representing concrete) in 2005. Although in india, we do not have any specific codal provisions for
scc similar to normal concrete, considerable research has been done in both development of scc and its applications with
various admixtures and fibers to enhance the properties of scc in hardened state. As scc is very sensitive to variations
in moisture content and gradation of aggregates, construction sites face difficulties in free flow of scc.
To Study the Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Recycled Aggregate ...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper investigates the study of workability and durability characteristics of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) with Viscosity Modifying Admixture (VMA), and containing fly ash. The mix design for SCC was arrived as per the Guidelines of European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete (EFNARC). In this investigation, SCC was made by usual ingredients such as cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, mineral admixture fly ash and demolished concrete at various replacement levels (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). To enhance the property of SCC made with the use of demolish concrete and fly ash, glass fiber has been added to the mix. Glass fiber in various % (i.e. 0.15%, 0.20% 0.30%, of Wt. of cement) has been added in the mix which contain demolish concrete and gave highest strength i.e. (10% demolish concrete).
EFFECT OF SILICA FUME ON RHEOLOGY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF SELF COMPACTING ...IAEME Publication
The usage of an extensive group of industrial mineral residues (silica fume and fly ash) and other products significantly increases the rheological performance of concrete. This research is supposed to take a look at Rheology and Strengthened Properties of Self Compacting Concrete with Silica fume. This examination commenced with 4 groups of Self Compacting Concrete changed with diverse probabilities of Silica fume (5%, 10%,15%, and 20%). The rheological properties of self-compacting concrete are investigated experimentally using the slump flow diameter, the U box test, the V funnel test, and the L box test. Compressive strength and flexural strength are the strengthened properties experimentally examined. In this study, we observed the suitable percent of silica fume, which offers advanced rheological characteristics of Self Compacting Concrete as equated to Conventional Self Compacting Concrete. Our experimental results show, by the replacing 15% of silica fume with the weight of cement will increase both Rheological Properties and strengthened Properties of SCC.
Fresh, Strength and Durability Characteristics of Binary and Ternary Blended ...AbdulRazakBH
Abstract: Paper Mineral admixtures being the economical alternatives to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) for various normal and special concretes induce desirable properties to concrete such as higher flow, low heat of hydration, higher strength gain and enhanced durability. Ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBFS) being one of the largely used mineral admixture alongside Fly Ash as supplementary cementitious material in concrete contributes to enhanced durability properties and low heat of hydration. Various replacement percentages of GGBS at 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% are used in binary blended Self compacting concrete(SCC) in the present study. At 40% replacement level, SCC exhibited improved workability, strength and durability properties. Alccofine(Ultrafine GGBS) used in ternary blended SCC enhanced early strength gain without affecting workability of SCC to a significant extent.
Keywords : Ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBFS), Alccofine, Ordinary Portland cement(OPC)
STUDY ON EFFECT OF HYBRID FRP LAMINATES WRAPPED EXTERNALLY (U-WRAP) ON REINFO...IAEME Publication
Recently fibre reinforced polymer composite material namely glass FRP, carbon FRP, basalt FRP etc, is being used as strengthening material. Each technique has its own merits and limitations. Experimental study have been conducted on Reinforced concrete beams which are externally strengthened with GFRP and CFRP as double layer one above the other and it is referred as Hybrid FRP techniques is attained with epoxy resin as adhesive compound. All the ingredients in the beam specimens were maintained with same consistency. A total six beams were cast for the experimental investigation. Out of that three were kept as control specimens and the remaining three were strengthened with double layer of CFRP and GFRP in the U-Wrap pattern. From the overall experimental investigation it can be observed that there is an appreciable increase in ultimate load carrying capacity of the beams strengthened with hybrid FRP laminates.
Rapid Chloride Permeability Test Apparatusreboundhammer
we offer a complete range of Rebound hammer and RCPT including its testing & calibration service. We provided accuracy and assurance for significant experiments.
Experimental Investigations on Fresh Properties of Binary and Ternary Blended...AbdulRazakBH
Abstract--- Binder-chemical admixture compatibility plays a vital role in deciding the performance of concrete especially in the fresh state. Optimum dosage of chemical admixture is helpful in controlling various fresh properties of Self Compacting Concrete(SCC) and avoiding the problems of segregation and bleeding in blended concrete with mineral admixtures such as Ground granulated Blast Furnace Slag(GGBS) and Alccofine(Ultrafine GGBS). The study focusses on optimization of chemical admixture dosage for binary and ternary blended concrete for the production of SCC. Various combinations of binary blended concrete and ternary blended concrete along with control mix(only OPC) are tested for workability properties for passing ability, filling ability and and resistance to segregation(V-Funnel Time). It was observed that concrete containing higher GGBS required lesser dosage of chemical admixture for satisfying workability properties as per EFNAARC guidelines. Alccofinewas added at 5% to compensate for hardened properties.
Keywords--- Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Alccofine, Self Compacting Concrete (SCC).
An Experimental Study on Structural Grade Concrete Using Multi Mineral Admixt...IJERD Editor
Supplementary cementitious material (SCM) such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag
sand silica fume are extensively used in construction. A partial replacement of cement by mineral admixtures
such as, fly ash, GGBFS, silica fume (SF) in concrete mixes would help to overcome these problems and lead to
improvement in the durability of concrete. In this thesis of work, an attempt has been made to study the
mechanical properties of structural grade concrete using ternary blend.
DURABILITY STUDIES OF GGBS AND METAKAOLIN BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE Ijciet 08...IAEME Publication
The objective of this research work was to produce a carbon dioxide emission free cementious
material. The geopolymer concrete is such a vital and promising one. In this study, geopolymer is
prepared from ‘Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag’ (GGBS) a powder from grinding the byproduct
of slag waste from blast furnace of steel plants and metakaolin from industry. The Alkaline
liquids used in this study for the polymerization process are the solutions of sodium hydroxide
(NaoH) and sodium silicate (Na2Sio3).A 8 Molarity and 10 Molarity solutions was taken to prepare
the mix. The cube compressive strength was calculated for different mixes. The cube specimens are
taken of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm. Ambient curing of concrete at room temperature was
adopted. In total 180 cubes were casted for their compressive strength at age of 28 days
respectively. The test data indicate that on exposure to 5% Sodium Sulphate, Sulphuric Acid and
Sodium Chloride, the losses in weight, and strength of geopolymer concrete (GPC) are
significantly much less than those for cement concrete. Thus the geopolymer concrete is considered
to be an environmentally pollution free construction material.
INFLUENCE OF VISCOSCITY MODIFYING ADMIXTURES ON FRESH AND HARDENED PROPERTIES...Ijripublishers Ijri
The use of self-compacting concrete (scc) in general building and civil engineering constructions is becoming popular
over the years ever since it was invented and guide-lines have been formulated by the efnarc (european federation of
national association representing concrete) in 2005. Although in india, we do not have any specific codal provisions for
scc similar to normal concrete, considerable research has been done in both development of scc and its applications with
various admixtures and fibers to enhance the properties of scc in hardened state. As scc is very sensitive to variations
in moisture content and gradation of aggregates, construction sites face difficulties in free flow of scc.
To Study the Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Recycled Aggregate ...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper investigates the study of workability and durability characteristics of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) with Viscosity Modifying Admixture (VMA), and containing fly ash. The mix design for SCC was arrived as per the Guidelines of European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete (EFNARC). In this investigation, SCC was made by usual ingredients such as cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, mineral admixture fly ash and demolished concrete at various replacement levels (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). To enhance the property of SCC made with the use of demolish concrete and fly ash, glass fiber has been added to the mix. Glass fiber in various % (i.e. 0.15%, 0.20% 0.30%, of Wt. of cement) has been added in the mix which contain demolish concrete and gave highest strength i.e. (10% demolish concrete).
EFFECT OF SILICA FUME ON RHEOLOGY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF SELF COMPACTING ...IAEME Publication
The usage of an extensive group of industrial mineral residues (silica fume and fly ash) and other products significantly increases the rheological performance of concrete. This research is supposed to take a look at Rheology and Strengthened Properties of Self Compacting Concrete with Silica fume. This examination commenced with 4 groups of Self Compacting Concrete changed with diverse probabilities of Silica fume (5%, 10%,15%, and 20%). The rheological properties of self-compacting concrete are investigated experimentally using the slump flow diameter, the U box test, the V funnel test, and the L box test. Compressive strength and flexural strength are the strengthened properties experimentally examined. In this study, we observed the suitable percent of silica fume, which offers advanced rheological characteristics of Self Compacting Concrete as equated to Conventional Self Compacting Concrete. Our experimental results show, by the replacing 15% of silica fume with the weight of cement will increase both Rheological Properties and strengthened Properties of SCC.
Fresh, Strength and Durability Characteristics of Binary and Ternary Blended ...AbdulRazakBH
Abstract: Paper Mineral admixtures being the economical alternatives to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) for various normal and special concretes induce desirable properties to concrete such as higher flow, low heat of hydration, higher strength gain and enhanced durability. Ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBFS) being one of the largely used mineral admixture alongside Fly Ash as supplementary cementitious material in concrete contributes to enhanced durability properties and low heat of hydration. Various replacement percentages of GGBS at 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% are used in binary blended Self compacting concrete(SCC) in the present study. At 40% replacement level, SCC exhibited improved workability, strength and durability properties. Alccofine(Ultrafine GGBS) used in ternary blended SCC enhanced early strength gain without affecting workability of SCC to a significant extent.
Keywords : Ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBFS), Alccofine, Ordinary Portland cement(OPC)
STUDY ON EFFECT OF HYBRID FRP LAMINATES WRAPPED EXTERNALLY (U-WRAP) ON REINFO...IAEME Publication
Recently fibre reinforced polymer composite material namely glass FRP, carbon FRP, basalt FRP etc, is being used as strengthening material. Each technique has its own merits and limitations. Experimental study have been conducted on Reinforced concrete beams which are externally strengthened with GFRP and CFRP as double layer one above the other and it is referred as Hybrid FRP techniques is attained with epoxy resin as adhesive compound. All the ingredients in the beam specimens were maintained with same consistency. A total six beams were cast for the experimental investigation. Out of that three were kept as control specimens and the remaining three were strengthened with double layer of CFRP and GFRP in the U-Wrap pattern. From the overall experimental investigation it can be observed that there is an appreciable increase in ultimate load carrying capacity of the beams strengthened with hybrid FRP laminates.
Rapid Chloride Permeability Test Apparatusreboundhammer
we offer a complete range of Rebound hammer and RCPT including its testing & calibration service. We provided accuracy and assurance for significant experiments.
Succession “Losers”: What Happens to Executives Passed Over for the CEO Job?
By David F. Larcker, Stephen A. Miles, and Brian Tayan
Stanford Closer Look Series
Overview:
Shareholders pay considerable attention to the choice of executive selected as the new CEO whenever a change in leadership takes place. However, without an inside look at the leading candidates to assume the CEO role, it is difficult for shareholders to tell whether the board has made the correct choice. In this Closer Look, we examine CEO succession events among the largest 100 companies over a ten-year period to determine what happens to the executives who were not selected (i.e., the “succession losers”) and how they perform relative to those who were selected (the “succession winners”).
We ask:
• Are the executives selected for the CEO role really better than those passed over?
• What are the implications for understanding the labor market for executive talent?
• Are differences in performance due to operating conditions or quality of available talent?
• Are boards better at identifying CEO talent than other research generally suggests?
Study on the Effect of Ggbs & M Sand in Self Compacting oncretetheijes
Conventional concrete is the most widely used construction material throughout the world because of its versality, mouldability, durability, and resistance to fire and energy efficiency. However, its major disadvantages like poor tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking resists its use as a structural material. Hence, in order to overcome these difficulties several new materials have been developed in the recent past.Admixtures are ingredients other than water, aggregates, hydraulic cement and fibers that are added to the concrete batch immediately before or during mixing. Mineral admixtures are usually added to concrete in larger amounts to enhance the workability of fresh concrete, to improve resistance of concrete to thermal cracking, alkali-aggregate expansion and sulphate attack and to enable a reduction in cement content. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of various mineral admixtures in producing SCC. In this study the scope of GGBS ( Ground granular blast furnace slag ) as a mineral admixture to some percentage replace cement in SCC were studied. The study showed that a maximum of 50% GGBS were able to be used as a mineral admixture without affecting the self-compactability
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE WITH GGBS AND FLY ASHIAEME Publication
Objective: This paper manages the quality properties of geopolymer concrete. The primary point of this anticipate is to utilize ground granulated impact heater slag and fly fiery remains set up of common Portland concrete, keeping in mind the end goal to decrease carbon dioxide emanation. Method: From this, we can look at the properties of geopolymer concrete with bond concrete. The fixings utilized as a part of this anticipate are GGBS and Fly cinder. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate are utilized as basic activators. The molarity of sodium hydroxide is 8M and 10M. The proportion of soluble activators is 1:2. Calcium silicate is framed when GGBS gets responded with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. This calcium silicate goes about as a cover for coarse total and fine total. Findings: The response is said to be exothermic since the warmth is developed when calcium silicate is framed. Henceforth, the underlying warmth is not required to begin the polymerization procedure. The fly fiery remains and GGBS are supplanted in 5 distinctive extents (100% GGBS, 75% GGBS &25% Fly cider, half GGBS &50% Fly slag, 25% GGBS&75% Fly powder,). The curing is finished by putting examples at room temperature. Application: The examples are tried at 7 years old and 28 days, the test incorporates compressive quality, split elasticity, and flexure quality to contrast the outcomes and bond concrete.
Effect of Alccofine and Fly Ash Addition on the Durability of High Performanc...ijsrd.com
The aim of this Study is to evaluate the performance of concrete (HPC) containing supplementary cementitious materials such as Fly ash & Alccofine. The necessity of high performance concrete is increasing because of demands in the construction industry. Efforts for improving the performance of concrete over the past few years suggest that cement replacement materials along with Mineral & chemical admixtures can improve the strength and durability characteristics of concrete. Alccofine (GGBS) and Fly ash are pozzolanic materials that can be utilized to produce highly durable concrete composites. This study investigates the performance of concrete mixture containing Local Alccofine. in terms of Compressive strength, Sulphate Attack tests, Alkali test and RCPT (Rapid chloride penetration test) at age of 28 and 56 days. In addition find out the optimum dosage of alccofine and fly ash from that get M70 Strength, in final mix proportion perform a given test. Result show that concrete incorporating Alccofine and fly ash had higher compressive strength and alccofine enhanced the durability of concretes and reduced the chloride diffusion. An exponential relationship between chloride permeability and compressive strength of concrete is exhibited.
Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement by Flyash and GGBSijsrd.com
This paper presents a laboratory investigation on optimum level of Fly ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) as a partial replacement of cement to study the strength characteristics of concrete. Portland cement was partially replaced by 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10% of GGBS and Fly ash by 20%, 40%, 60% respectively. The water to cementations materials ratio was maintained at 0.45 for all mixes. The strength characteristics of the concrete were evaluated by conducting Compressive strength test, Splitting Tensile strength test and Flexural strength test. The compression strength test were conducted for 7days and 28days of curing and split tensile strength test and flexural strength test were conducted for 28days of curing on a M25 grade concrete. The mix proportion M25 was found to be 1:1.36:2.71.The test results proved that the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete mixtures containing GGBS and Fly ash increases as the amount of GGBS and Fly ash increase. After an optimum point, at around 9% of GGBS and 40% of Fly ash of the total binder content, the further addition of GGBS and fly ash does not improve the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength.
Evaluating The Strength Gain And Structural Properties Of Self-Compacting Con...ijcite
Self-compacting concrete is identified as “highly flow able” and stable
concrete that can spread readily into place and fill the formwork without
any vibration and without undergoing any significant segregation. The
design of concrete mix is not a simple task on account of widely varying
properties of the constituent materials and many factors affect its target
value. The mix design problem is a multi-characteristic optimization
problem. However, in the present work, the problem is considered to the
single characteristic optimization problem and the characteristic to be
optimized strength of concrete. In the present paper, Okamora technique
has been applied to obtain optimum of SCC mix design to get the
mechanical and structural strength of concrete and cement is replaced
by GGBS and fine aggregate is replaced by Robo sand and the
experimentation work includes the fresh properties tests on SCC to know
the characteristic behaviour and the hardened properties of SCC is
determined to know the compression strength, split tensile strength,
flexural strength of beams and durability properties.
STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF METAKIOLIN AND GGBS BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETEIAEME Publication
Objectives: To investigate the properties of metakiolin and GGBS based geopolymer concrete. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this connection, Geopolymer is need of the hour, where the binder is inorganic polymer. Geopolymer concrete will be introduced as an alternative concrete which did not use any cement in its mixture and used Metakaolin and GGBS as alternative cement. NaOH and Na2SiO3 were used as activator solution. Findings: Geopolymer concrete is prepared by using the solution of sodium silicate mixed with sodium hydroxide. The fixed ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide is 2.5 and the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 8M. The geo polymer concrete specimens are casted and tested for compressive strength for and 28 days and cured at ambient temperature. Applications/Improvements: This study helps in gaining knowledge about the morphological composition of concrete which might result in path-breaking trends in construction industry.
Experimental investigation on studying the flexural behaviour of geopolymer c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Geo polymer concrete is one of the emerging construction material as a substitute for conventional cement concrete, eliminating
the usage of OPC. This work is aimed to cast and testing of geopolymer slab elements with restrained edge condition. The size of
slab panel is 1m x 1m x 0.05 m. By using yield line theory, the moment of resistance and maximum deflection under flexural
loading are calculated for the of GPC slabs. Reinforcement details of these slabs are calculated using ultimate load method as
per IS code provisions. As the slab element is a composite material the experimental work is carried for determination of
mechanical properties GPC matrix and casting and testing of slab elements under UDL. Test results are compared with the
theoretical computations for bending moment and maximum deflections. The crack pattern of slabs in experimental work is also
compared with yield line patterns ( Developed for RCC).From the test results it is observed that the behaviour of GPC slabs
under flexural loading is similar to conventional concrete slabs
KeyWords: Geo Polymer Concrete, Slabs, Flexural Behavior, Yield Line Patterns , Load vs Deflections
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
One of the major environmental concerns is the disposal of the waste materials and utilization of
industrial by products. Lime stone quarries will produce millions of tons waste dust powder every year. Having
considerable high degree of fineness in comparision to cement this material may be utilized as a partial
replacement to cement. For this purpose an experiment is conducted to investigate the possibility of using lime
stone powder in the production of SCC with combined use GGBS and how it affects the fresh and mechanical
properties of SCC. First SCC is made by replacing cement with GGBS in percentages like 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and
by taking the optimum mix with GGBS lime stone powder is blended to mix in percentages like 5, 10, 15, 20 as
a partial replacement to cement. Test results shows that the SCC mix with combination of 30% GGBS and 15%
limestone powder gives maximum compressive strength and fresh properties are also in the limits prescribed by
the EFNARC.
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Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
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1. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726
www.ijesi.org Volume 3 Issue 6ǁ June 2014 ǁ PP.22-28
www.ijesi.org 22 | Page
Combined Effect of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and
Metakaolin on Mechanical Properties of Self Compacting
Concrete
J.M.Srishaila1
, Basawakiran.B.M2
, K.N.Vishwanath3
, P.Prakash4
Associate Professor1,3
, PG Student2
, Professor4
Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore
ABSTRACT: This study investigates the combined effect of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS)
and Metakaolin on the properties of self compacting concrete. The workability test for acceptance of self
compacting concrete like slump test, V-funnel, and L-Box were carried out on fresh concrete. The compressive,
split tensile, and flexural strength test of concrete with replaced GGBS plus Metakaolin at 5%,15%and 25% and
3%,6% and9% were examined after curing period of 28 and 56 days. RCPT test was also carried out on the
hardened concrete after curing period 28 days to know the penetration of chloride ion. Ultra sonic pulse
velocity was also conducted to known the grade of concrete.
KEYWORDS: Self Compacting Concrete, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Metakaolin,
Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength.
I. INTRODUCTION
The concrete is the man-made material which has the vastest utilization worldwide. This fact leads to
important problems regarding its design and preparation to finally obtain an economic cost of the product on
short and long time periods. The material has to be also “friendly with the environment” during its fabrication
process and also its aesthetical appearance when it is used in the structures. Concrete’s performances have
continuously rise in order to accomplish the society needs. Many studies have been made concerning the use of
additives and super–plasticizers in the concrete for passing the frontier of minimum water content for a good
workability of a concrete. As a result of this, high performance concretes developed having a superior durability.
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is an innovative concrete that does not requires vibration for placing
and compaction. It is able to flow under its own weight, completely filling formwork and achieving full
compaction, even in the presence of congested reinforcement. The hardened concrete is dense, homogeneous
and has the same mechanical properties and durability as traditional concrete. SCC, was first introduced in the
late 1980’s to have no segregation and bleeding. Such concrete should have a relatively low yield value to
ensure high flow ability, a moderate viscosity to resist segregation and bleeding, and must maintain its
homogeneity during transportation, Japanese researchers, is highly workable concrete that can flow under its
own weight through restricted sections placing and curing to ensure adequate structural performance and long
term durability. The successful development of SCC must ensure a good balance between deformability and
stability. For SCC, it is generally necessary to use super plasticizer in order to obtain high mobility. Adding a
large volume of powdered material or viscosity modifying admixture segregation can be eliminated.The present
study determines the properties of self compacting concrete with combined replacement of GGBS and
Metakaolin to cement.
RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE
For a newly developing material like SCC, studies on mechanical and durability is of paramount
importance for instilling confidence among the engineers and builders. A comprehensive study which involves
durability parameters like RCPT is not available for SCC. Hence, considering the gap in the existing literature,
an attempt has been made to study on the durability parameters of SCC like Rapid Chlorine Penetration Test.
Also there are no much research are done on the SCC containing Metakaolin and GGBS as admixtures. Hence
it’s an opportunity to take this project and carrying out the work.
METHODOLOGY
The main aim of this work is to assess the feasibility of Self compacting concrete with the mineral
admixtures such as Metakaolin and GGBS replacing OPC by a known percentage to understand the change in
properties of SCC.
2. Combined Effect Of Ground Granulated Blast….
www.ijesi.org 23 | Page
The Ordinary Portland cement is replaced by (Metakaolin 3%+GGBS 5%,15%,25%), (Metakaolin
6%+GGBS 5%,15%.25%), (Metakaolin 9%+GGBS5%) percentage and superplasticizer is also added to get
workability.
Total seven mix designs are prepared and the properties are checked in fresh state and hardened state.
The tests are conducted for 7,28,56,90 days for the hardened concrete.
RCPT test was also conducted on the hardened cylinders to know the chloride resistance of the concrete.
II MATERIALS AND PROPERTIES
The materials used in the research are:
Cement
In this work ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade conforming to IS: 12269-1987 has been used and
tested for physical and chemical properties as per IS: 4031 – 1988 and found to be conforming to various
specifications as per IS: 12269-1987.
Table: 1 Physical properties of cement
2. Fine aggregate
In the investigation fine aggregate is manufactured sand from quarry is used, are as per IS: 383-1997.
The physical properties of fine aggregate like specific gravity, gradation and fineness modulus are tested in
accordance with IS:2386.
Table: 2 Physical properties of fine aggregate
Sl.No. Property Value
1 Specific gravity 2.62
2 Water absorption 3.8%
3 Max size(mm) 4.75mm
4 Fineness Modulus 3.60
3. Coarse aggregate
Coarse aggregate crushed granite of 12.5 mm maximum size and retained on IS 4.75 sieve has been used
as coarse aggregate. The physical properties of coarse aggregate like specific gravity, gradation and fineness
modulus are tested in accordance with IS: 2386.
Table: 3 Physical properties of coarse aggregate
Sl.No. Property Value
1 Specific gravity 2.7
2 Water Absorption 0.8%
3 Max size(mm) 12.5
4 Flakiness Index 22.6%
5 Elongation Index 24%
Sl. No. Properties Values IS:12269-
1987
1 Standard Consistency 27% 28%
2 Fineness %
(retained on 90μ sieve)
3% ≤ 10%
3 Soundness (by Le Chatelier) 3 mm ≤10mm
4 Initial setting time (min) 62 ≥30 min
5 Final setting time (min) 370 ≤ 600 min
6 Specific gravity 2.95 -----
7 Compressive
Strength
7 days 45 ≤ 37 N/mm2
28 days 65 ≤ 53 N/mm2
8 Temperature during testing 27.8o
C 27° C ± 2°C
3. Combined Effect Of Ground Granulated Blast….
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4. Mineral admixtures
a) Metakaolin
In the present investigation work, the metakaolin used is obtained from Gujarat India. Specific
gravity being 2.42. Chemical Properties of Metakaolin is given in the below table.
Table: 4 Chemical properties of metakaolin
Sl.No. Parameter
Quantity
(% wt)
1 Silicon Dioxide(SiO2) 52
2 Alumina(Al2O3) 42.2
3 Iron oxide(Fe2O3) 0.7
4 L.O.I. 0.3%
5 Oil Absorption 56.5
6 Moisture 0.1
7 pH 6.55
8 Brightness 83.4
b) Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS)
Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) is a highly efficient pozzolonic material and has
considerable potential for use in concrete and it is obtained from steel works at Bellary. Specific gravity being
2.62.
Table: 5 Chemical properties of GGBS
Sl.No. Parameter
Quantity
(% wt)
1 Insoluble residue 0.83
2 Manganese Oxide 0.25
3 Magnesium oxide 10.13
4 Sulphide sulphur 0.75
5
CaO+MgO+1/3Al2O3
SiO2+2/3Al2O3
1.10
6 CaO+MgO+ Al2O3 SiO2 1.84
5. Chemical admixture
Super plasticizer -Master Glenium sky-8233 is used. The properties of superplasticizer are given in
below table.
Table: 6 Properties of Super plasticizer
Aspect Light Brown liquid
Relative density 1.08 ± 0.01at 25˚c
pH ≥ 6
Chloride ion content < 0.2%
6. Water
This is the least expensive universally available material, but most important ingredient of concrete. The
water used for making concrete and for curing, should be clean and free from harmful impurities such as oil,
alkali, acid, etc.
4. Combined Effect Of Ground Granulated Blast….
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Table:7 Physical and Chemical properties of Water
III. MIX PROPORTION
The proposed study is being carried out to develop self compacting concrete using GGBS and
Metakaolin in varying combinations for use in the Indian conditions. Following guidelines of EFNARC for
rheological properties of concrete in fresh state and using Japanese method of mix design as reference, mix
design was carried to form concrete at coarse aggregate content of 45% by volume of concrete and fine
aggregate content of 47% by volume of mortar in concrete and cement volume was kept varying based on the
percentage of mineral mixtures. The dosage of superplasticizer was estimated to be 0.8 % of cement. Slump
flow test, V- funnel, L box test satisfies the limits laid by EFNARC. Now 5%, 15%, 25% weight of GGBS is
replaced with equal weight of cement and cement is also replaced with 3%,6%,and 9% by weight of metakaolin
and self compacting concrete is prepared which satisfied rheological properties. The mix proportions are given
in below table no 8.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table :8 Mix Proportions
4.1Fresh Properties Result
The workability of the concrete was measured in terms of passing ability, filling ability and segregation
resistance as per EFNARC guide lines and limits are given in Table 9.
Mix No. Cement
Kg/m3
GGBS
Kg/m3
MK
Kg/m3
Fine Agg
Kg/m3
Coarse
Agg
Kg/m3
W/C Super
Plas.
Kg/m3
Mix 1
(5%GGBS+3%MK)
514.52 24.835 13.764 880.94 714.42 0.343 4.42
Mix 2
(5%GGBS+6%MK)
497.74 24.835 27.527 880.94 714.42
0.345
4.4
Mix 3
(5%GGBS+9%MK)
480.97 24.835 41.291 880.94 714.42 0.347 4.37
Mix 4
(15%GGBS+3%MK
)
458.60 74.505 13.764 880.94 714.42 0.347 4.37
Mix 5
(15%GGBS+6%MK
)
441.82 74.505 27.527 880.94 714.42 0.349 4.35
Mix 6
(15%GGBS+9%MK
)
425.04 74.505 41.291 880.94 714.42 0.351 4.32
Mix 7
(25%GGBS+3%MK
)
402.67 124.17
6
13.764 880.94 714.42 0.351 4.32
Sl.No. Contents Units
1 Ph 7.72
2 Acidity NIL
3 Specific
conductance
835 micro/mhos
4 Total hardness 274 mg/litre
5 Chloride 105 mg/litre
6 Turbidity 1 NTU
7 Alkalinity 260 mg/litre
8 TDS 500 mg/litre
5. Combined Effect Of Ground Granulated Blast….
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Table: 9 Results of fresh properties
From the above obtained results we can say that the increase in content of metakaolin decreases the
passing and Filling ability of the self compacting concrete. The temperature of the concrete tends to increase
with the increase in the percentage of metakaolin.
4.2Mechanical Properties Result
The mechanical properties of self compacting concrete includes the various strength parameters like
compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and density of the concrete. The obtained values
are presented in below table.
Table: 10 Results of mechanical properties
4.2.1 NDT test
Ultra sonic pulse velocity
Ultrasonic pulse velocity testing of concrete is based on the pulse velocity method to provide
information on the uniformity of concrete,cavities,cracks and defects.The pulse velocity in a material depends
on its density and its elastic properties which in turn are related to the quality and the compressive strength of
the concrete.It is therefore possible to obtain information about the properties of components by sonic
investigations.The test is carried according to IS 13311 (Part 1):1992.
Table: 11 Result of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity test
Mix Average Pulse
Velocity(Km/Sec)
Pulse Velocity by
Cross
Probing(Km/Sec)
Concrete Quality
Grading as per
IS:13311(part1):1992
Mix 1 6.6
Above 4.5 ExcellentMix 2 6.7
Mix 3 6.6
3.5 to 4.5 GoodMix 4 6.8
Mix 5 6.9
3.0 to3.5 MediumMix 6 6.8
Mix 7 6.7 Below 3.0 Doubtful
Sl.N
o
Methods Uni
ts
Min Ma
x
Mix
1
Mix
2
Mix
3
Mix
4
Mix
5
Mix
6
Mix
7
1 Slump flow mm 650 800 690 687 680 709 695 692 720
2 T50 cm Slump
flow
Sec 2 5 2.9 3.3 3.9 2.7 3.1 3.7 2.6
4 V-funnel Sec 6 12 7 9.2 10 6.5 10 11.1 6.2
5 L-box (h2/h1) -- 0.8 1 0.90 0.88 0.87 0.91 0.90 0.88 0.93
6 Temperature (0
C) 24 25 24 23 26 25 24
Mix Density
(Kg/m3
)
pH Compression
Strength (N/mm2
)
Split Tensile
Strength (N/mm2
)
Flexural Strength
(N/mm2
)
28 days 56
days
28 days 56
days
28
days
56 days
Mix 1 2472 11.48 45.23 53.24 4.57 4.88 10 11.75
Mix 2 2526 11.50 50.2 60.77 4.58 4.98 11.5 12.3
Mix 3 2550 11.63 52.7 68.79 4.71 5.55 13 13.5
Mix 4 2470 11.8 53.36 69.8 5.06 5.85 13.5 14
Mix 5 2480 11.94 63.9 76.85 5.72 5.85 14.5 16.5
Mix 6 2510 11.70 60.95 73.95 4.78 4.84 15.75 16.25
Mix 7 2480 11.4 58.78 68.62 4.72 4.80 15.25 16
6. Combined Effect Of Ground Granulated Blast….
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4.3Durability Properties Results
4.3.1 Rapid Chloride Penetration Test
The data on the resistance of the high performance self-compacting concrete mixture to chloride ion
penetration determined in accordance with ASTM C 1202-1994. Accelerated chloride permeability tests were
conducted on standard cylindrical specimens after curing period of 28 days.
Table: 12 Result of RCPT test
FIGURES
Figure: 1 Compressive Strength of Concrete in relation to different mix proportion.
Figure: 2 Split tensile Strength of Concrete in relation to different mix proportion.
Mix 28 days Chloride Ion
Permeability
(Coulombs)
Charge Passing
(Coulombs)
Chloride Permeability
Rating
Mix 1 1853.1 Greater than 4000 High
Mix 2 1855.9
Mix 3 1859.3 2001 to 4000 Moderate
Mix 4 1861.5
Mix 5 1865.7 1001 to 2000 Low
Mix 6 1870.6
Mix 7 1873.8 100 to 1000 Very low
7. Combined Effect Of Ground Granulated Blast….
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Figure: 3 Flexural Strength of Concrete in relation to different mix proportion.
V CONCLUSION
Based on the experimental results the following conclusion are drawn
Fresh property results show us that as the percentage of Metakaolin increases the filling and flowing ability
of the concrete decreases.
The temperature of the concrete increased with the increase in percentage of Metakaolin.
The compressive, split tensile, flexural strength is maximum for the mix proportion Metakaolin 6% and
GGBS 15% and is higher by 44% with respect to first mix.
The Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity test values show that the concrete compaction is good without any external
vibration.
An RCPT value shows that as the percentage of GGBS and Metakaolin increases the chloride ion
permeability will be low.
56 days compressive strength is higher by 13%if compared to 28 days strength of all mixes.
REFRENCES
[1] A. A. A. Hassan, M. Lachemi, and K.M.A Hossain, “Effect of Metakaolin on Rheology of Self-consolidating Concrete” The Indian
Concrete Journal, May 2006,pp 44-47
[2] GanesanN, Indira P.V &SanthoshKumarP.T, “Durability aspects of steel fibre-reinforced SCC”, The Indian Concrete Journal, May
2006,pp 31-37.
[3] JagadeshVengala&Ranganath .R.V. “Effect of GGBS on Long term Strength in High Strength Self Compacting Concrete”.
International Conference on Recent Trends in Concrete Technology and Structures. INCONTEST 2003 Coimbatore, 10-12,
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[4] Kannan V, Ganesan K, “Mechanical and transport properties in ternary blended self-compacting concrete with Metakaolin and
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OF ADVANCED RESEARCH INENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJARET)Volume 4, Issue 2 March – April 2013, pp.
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[9] P. Ramanathan, I. Baskar, P. Muthupriya, and R. Venkatasubramani, “Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing
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[10] S.Dhiyaneshwaran, Ramanathan, P., Baskar, I. and Venkatasubramani, R. “Study on Durability Characteristics of Self-Compacting
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