This document discusses fitness trackers, including their history, construction, and features. It provides an introduction to fitness trackers and how they differ from smartwatches. Key components that allow fitness trackers to function are described, including accelerometers that detect movement, optical heart rate sensors that measure heart rate through light, and proximity sensors. Advantages of fitness trackers include motivation for exercise and monitoring health metrics, while disadvantages include cost and potential inaccuracy of measurements.

1. Introduction to Engineering
Design Principles
Evolution and Working of Fitness Trackers
Presented by :-
Akkahshh Agarwaal
Division : 1
Batch : A2

2. • An Introduction to Fitness Trackers
• The History of Wearables
• Construction & Working
a) Accelerometer
b) Optical Heart-Rate Sensor
c) Proximity Sensor
• Characteristics & Features
• Advantages & Disadvantages

3. An Introduction to Fitness Trackers
• An activity tracker, also known as a fitness tracker, is a device or
application for monitoring and tracking things such as distance
walked or run, calorie consumption, and in some cases heartbeat
and quality of sleep.
• A fitness band is different from a smart watch.
• Now days, there are a lot of companies in the market which offer
good quality fitness bands like Fitbit, Xiaomi, Intex, Garmin Vivo,
etc.

4. Fitness trackers do not magically transform you into a
fit and healthy person. Though it helps in becoming you
fit, all the hard work has to be done by you.

5. The History of Wearables
• Electronic activity trackers are fundamentally upgraded versions
of pedometers.
• A pedometer is a device that counts each step a person takes by
detecting the motion of the person’s hands or hips.
• John Harwood, a British watch-maker, was awarded the first
patent for a pedometer.
• Dr. Yoshiro Hatano, a professor at the Kyushu University of Health
and Welfare, promoted the use of the Manpo-kei (Man-10,000, po-
steps, kei-measure in Japanese) pedometer as a fitness device.

6. The History of Wearables
• 2005 – Release of the self-tracking app and website MyFitnessPal.
• 2008 – Fitbit debuted with first of its fitness tracker.
•

7. Construction & Working
• . Any fitness band requires the person to input details such as
their height, weight, gender, age to help the track the data more
accurately. There are a number of sensors in the device which
make all the magic happen.
• They are packed with various sensors such as the 3-axis
accelerometer, altimeter, optical heart-rate monitor, proximity
sensor, etc.

8. Accelerometer
• Fitness trackers sense the movements of the body with the help of
a 3-axis accelerometer to track movement in every direction.
• Newton’s Second Law of Motion
• Accelerometers measure acceleration not by calculating how
velocity changes over time but by measuring force.

9. 1. Red electrode that moves up and down when the device
moves.
2. Tiny cantilever that supports the electrode.
3. Electrical connection from the cantilever and electrode to
the outside of the chip so it can be wired into a circuit.
4. Purple and red electrodes work together as a capacitor. As
distance between them changes, the capacitance varies.
Black insulation prevent direct contact of the plates in the
case of a really big force.
5. Similar operation of the blue electrode.
6. Electrodes are connected to more electrical terminals at
the edges of the chip, again, so it can be connected to a
bigger circuit.

10. Optical Heart-Rate Sensor
• An optical heart-rate monitor measures your heart rate using
green or red light.
• An LED shines through the skin, and an optical sensor scans the
light that bounces back.

11. Proximity Sensor
• Proximity sensors detect the presence or
absence of objects using electromagnetic
fields, light, and sound.
• In capacitive sensors, two conduction plates
are housed together in a sensing head.
• As a target enters the sensing zone the
capacitance of the two plates increases
creating an output signal.

12. Characteristics & Features
• Altitude measurement
• Companion App
• Track sleep
• Measure heart rate in real time
• Water, Dust and IP67 Splash resistant
• Count the no. of steps
• Track calories burned
• Call & Notification alerts
• Idle Alerts
• Long Battery Life
• Even Displays Time

13. ADVANTAGES
• It motivates and encourages physical
activity.
• Encourages to achieve optimum
caloric intake and healthy eating
• By monitoring heart rate you can
adjust your workout intensity.
• Monitors quality of sleep and makes
recommendations about the best
time to go to bed according to your
sleep patterns.
• Long battery life.
• Personalized goals.
• Staying connected.
• Helpful in scientific research.
DISADVANTAGES
• Some of them are expensive.
• Inaccurate measurement.
• Less functionality
• Small screen size

14. References
• https://fitness.mercola.com/sites/fitness/archive/2016/07/22/fitness-tracker-benefits.aspx
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activity_tracker
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFV5aWukJ5E - Fitness Bands Explained in Detail | Do they make you FIT?
• https://www.bizvibe.com/blog/top-5-benefits-fitness-trackers/
• http://www.poeticjourney251.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-using-a-fitness-tracker-device/
• https://www.thealternativedaily.com/pros-cons-fitness-trackers-for-working-out/
• http://www.humavox.com/blog/exploring-advantages-disadvantages-wearable-tech/
• https://www.digitaltrends.com/wearables/whats-inside-fitness-tracker-anyway/
• https://www.wareable.com/fitness-trackers/how-your-fitness-tracker-works-1449
• http://www.mi.com/in/mi-band-hrx/
• https://www.livescience.com/40102-accelerometers.html
• http://www.explainthatstuff.com/accelerometers.html
• http://www.physics.org/article-questions.asp?id=55
• https://www.quora.com/How-do-optical-heart-rate-sensors-work
• https://valencell.com/blog/2015/10/optical-heart-rate-monitoring-what-you-need-to-know/