This document discusses wearable biosensors and provides examples of two types: a ring sensor and a smart shirt. A wearable biosensor combines a wearable device and a biosensor to allow for continuous physiological monitoring. The ring sensor monitors heart rate and oxygen saturation through photoconductors in the ring, while the smart shirt integrates various sensors to monitor vital signs and uses optical fibers to detect wounds. Wearable biosensors have applications in remote patient monitoring, athlete training, hazardous work monitoring, and combat casualty care.

1. Wearable Biosensors
the device that can collect data.
By
Vinay Chowdary.A
Engineer

2. Contents
 Introduction
 Need for a wearable biosensor
 What is Wearable Biosensor
 Components of a Biosensor
 Ring Sensor
 Smart Shirt
 Future trends
 Conclusion
 References

3. Introduction
 Use of wearable monitoring devices allow continuous
monitoring of physiological signals
 Wearable systems are totally non-obtrusive devices that allow
physicians to overcome the limitations of ambulatory technology
 Detects events predictive of possible worsening of
the patient’s clinical situations

4. Need for a wearable biosensor
 Remote monitoring of patients
 Training support for athletes
 Monitoring of individuals who work with
hazardous elements
 Tracking of professional truck driver’s vital signs to
alert them of fatigue

5. What is wearable biosensor ?
Wearable Biosensor = Wearable + Biosensor
 Biosensor is an analytical
device used for detection
of analyte.
 e.g. Blood Glucose
Detector
Biosensor
 Object that can be worn
on body.
 e.g. wrist watches, ring,
shirts etc.
Wearable

6. Wearable Biosensor
 Wearable monitoring devices that allow continuous
monitoring of physiological signals.
 They rely on wireless sensors enclosed in items that can be
worn, such as ring or shirt.
 The data sets recorded using these systems are then processed
to detect patient’s clinical situations.
 Biosensor is an analytical device, which converts a
biological response into electrical signal.

7. Components Of Wearable Biosensor
Three main components of wearable biosensors are:
 Biological element: For sensing the presence and concentration
of a substance.
 Transducer: The product of interaction of biological component
and sample may be a suitable chemical, charge etc., which can
be converted by transducer into an electrical signal.
 Associated Electronic Devices: The electrical signal may be
further amplified and can be read on digital panels

8. Types Of Wearable Biosensor
Ring Sensor:
It allows one to continuously
monitor heart rate and oxygen saturation.
The device is shaped like a ring.
 Smart Shirt:
This technology has been used to
integrate sensors for monitoring the vital
signs like temperature, heart rate and
respiration rate.

9. About Ring Sensor
 It is a pulse oximetry, i.e.
it monitors the oxygen saturation.
 It is based on the concept of
photoconductor.
Principles :-
 Blood pressure pulse causes vessel wall displacement.
 Detection pulsatile blood volume changes by photoelectric
method by photo resistor
 Connected as a part of voltage divider circuit and produces a
voltage that varies with the amount of blood in the finger.

10. Components:
• LED’s and Photodiodes
• Optical sensor unit
• PIC microcontroller
• RF transmitter
• Tiny cell battery
• Use of double ring structure.
• First stage amplifier
• Signal Conditioner
• Sample and hold circuit
 Less distance between LED & PD.
 Waveforms sampled at 100 Hz transmitted to a PDA or a cellular
phone carried by the patient.

11. Working Of Ring Sensor
 In order to detect blood volume changes due to heart
contraction and expansion by photoelectric method, normally
photo resistors are used.
 Light is emitted by LED and transmitted through the artery and
the resistance of photo resistor is determined by the amount of
light reaching it.
 Oxygenated blood absorb more light than deoxygenated blood
 A noise cancellation filter is used to cancel the noise due to
motion of the finger.

12. Applications
 Wireless supervision of people during hazardous operations.
 In an overcrowded emergency department.
 Chronic surveillance of abnormal heart failure.
 In cardio-vascular disease for monitoring the hyper tension.
Advantages
 Continuous monitoring.
 Easy to use.
 Reducing hospitalization
fee
Disadvantages
 Initial cost is high.
 Limited number of physiological
parameters can be monitored.

13. About Smart Shirts
 Also known as GTWM i.e. Georgia
Tech Wearable Motherboard.
 This GTWM (smart shirt) provides an
extremely versatile framework for the
incorporation of sensing, monitoring
and information processing devices.
• It uses optical fibers to detect bullet wounds and special sensors and
interconnects to monitor the body vital signs during combat
conditions.
• It is used to integrate sensors for monitoring the vital signs like
temperature, heart rate and respiration rate.

15. Working of Smart Shirt
 A combat soldier sensor to his body, pulls the smart shirt on, and
attaches the sensors to the smart shirt.
 A “signal” is sent from one end of the plastic optical fiber to a
receiver at the other end. The emitter and the receiver are
connected to a Personal Status Monitor (PSM) worn at the hip
level by the soldier.
 If the light from the emitter does not reach the receiver inside the
PSM, it signifies that the smart shirt has been penetrated (i.e.; the
soldier has been shot).
 The signal bounces back to the PSM forum the point of
penetration, helping the medical personnel pinpoint the exact
location the solider wounds.

16.  Information on the soldiers wound and the condition is
immediately transmitted electronically from the PSM to a
medical unit.

17. Applications Of smart shirt
 Combat casualty care.
 Medical monitoring.
 Sports/ Performance monitoring.
 Space experiments.
 Mission critical/ hazardous application.
 Fire- fighting.
 Wearable mobile information infrastructure.
Advantages
 Continuous monitoring.
 Right Treatment at the right time
 Easy to wear and takeoff.
Disadvantages
 Initial cost is high
 Battery life is less

18. Conclusion
 Applied to restricted area of potential market.
 Limitations: Sensitivity and battery life.
 Advanced technologies such as the smart shirt have at partial to
dramatically alter its landscape of healthcare delivery and at
practice of medicine as we know them today.
 It is leading to the realization of “Affordable Healthcare, Any
place, Anytime, Anyone”.

19. For your Attention…