Fishers social conflict
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There are four main types of social conflicts that exist within fishers' societies: class conflict, orientation conflict, primordial conflict, and territorial conflict. Class conflict occurs between traditional and commercial fishers over power and resource utilization. Orientation conflict arises from different views on short-term versus long-term resource use. Primordial conflict stems from ethnic, origin, or identity differences. Territorial conflict disputes fishing grounds between fishers or other parties. Each type of traditional and commercial fisher can experience different combinations of these four social conflicts.
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TRAITS OF IMPORTANT CULTIVABLE FISH AND SHELLFISH & THEIR CULTURE METHODS
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This document discusses the traits and culture methods of important cultivable fish and shellfish in fresh water aquaculture. It covers carp species like Catla catla and Labeo rohita that are commonly farmed using methods like polyculture. Exotic carp species such as the silver carp are also discussed. Culture methods for catfish including Clarias batrachus are described. Finally, the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii is covered, noting its life cycle and that it can be cultured alone or with other species.Culture Methods of Mussels
This document presents different culture methods for farming mussels. There are three main types of culture methods: bottom culture, intertidal and shallow water culture, and deep water culture. Intertidal and shallow water culture methods include rack culture, tray culture, wig-wam culture, and rope-web culture. Rack culture involves hanging mussel collectors on bamboo poles. Tray culture uses bamboo or metal trays suspended on poles. Deep water culture methods are raft culture, using rafts to hold suspended rope collectors, and long-line culture, which uses underwater lines anchored at the bottom.
Nutritional requirement of cultivable fin fish: larvae, juveniles and adults
Fish is among the healthiest foods on the planet. It is loaded with important nutrients, such as protein and vitamin D. Fish is also the world's best source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are incredibly important for human body and brain.
Manufactured feeds are an important part of modern commercial aquaculture, providing the balanced nutrition needed by farmed fish.
In the development of modern aquaculture, starting in the 1970s, fishmeal and fish oil were key components of the feeds for these species. They are combined with other ingredients such as vegetable proteins, cereal grains, vitamins and minerals and formed into feed pellets.
The global supply of fish meal and fish oil is finite and fully utilized. Alternative or nontraditional feedstuffs may differ in terms of taste, smell, texture, and color, as well as nutrient composition, from the traditional feedstuffs, which are produced largely from the natural prey of the fish being raised. Alternative feedstuffs may also contain compounds and antinutritional factors that affect digestive or sensory physiology.
Another important area of fish nutrition for the next 20 years will be larval fish nutrition. Currently, the cost and difficulty of rearing a great number of species from the first feeding to the juvenile stage are the most severe bottlenecks to the development of aquaculture production of nontraditional species.
Brood stock management and larval rearing of mud crab scylla serrata-Gayatri ...
This document provides information about the mud crab Scylla serrata, including its natural range, classification, life stages, and aquaculture practices. Key points include:
- S. serrata is an economically important crab species found in mangroves and estuaries in Africa, Australia, and Asia.
- Its life stages include juvenile, subadult, and adult crabs that inhabit different zones, as well as larvae and megalopae.
- Aquaculture of S. serrata involves maintaining broodstock for breeding and larval rearing, then culturing megalopae through to market size in ponds. Proper water quality, feeding, and health management are
Fishing Gear selectivity
Gear selectivity refers to a fishing gear's ability to target and capture certain species, sizes, or sexes of fish while allowing incidental bycatch to escape unharmed. Most gears like trawls selectively catch larger fish, while some gears like gill nets selectively catch fish within a certain size range. The selection curve shows the size ranges caught by a gear. A bell curve indicates the optimum size range, while a sigmoid curve shows how percentage retained increases with size. Gill nets catch fish by wedging, gilling, or tangling in meshes. Mesh size, net dimensions, hanging ratio, and environmental factors influence gill net selectivity. Proper understanding of selectivity allows sustainable fisheries that return juveniles.
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Semi intensive fish culture system
This document discusses semi-intensive fish culture systems. Semi-intensive systems involve small ponds of 0.5 to 1 hectare with stocking densities of 10,000 to 15,000 fish per hectare. These systems develop natural foods through fertilization and provide some supplemental feeding. Yields are moderate at 3 to 10 tons per hectare with high survival rates. Semi-intensive systems are preferred due to their low costs and moderate production while being cleaner than extensive systems. Natural phytoplankton and zooplankton are used as the primary food source, supplemented by feeds containing protein, carbohydrates, and materials that are cheap and available locally like plant waste and manures.
Gill net
Gill nets are widely used passive fishing nets that capture fish via their gills. They can be operated in various ways - set vertically in the water column, drifting in currents, or encircling an area. Gill nets are selective for certain species depending on mesh size and can be used to catch fish living in surface waters, midwaters, or along the bottom. While gill nets are effective at harvesting target species, they also result in accidental bycatch of non-target animals and can continue to capture fish if lost or abandoned, known as ghost fishing.
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Nutritional requirement of larvae and broodstock of commercially important fi...
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TRAITS OF IMPORTANT CULTIVABLE FISH AND SHELLFISH & THEIR CULTURE METHODS
TRAITS OF IMPORTANT CULTIVABLE FISH AND SHELLFISH & THEIR CULTURE METHODS
Nutritional requirement of cultivable fin fish: larvae, juveniles and adults
Nutritional requirement of cultivable fin fish: larvae, juveniles and adults
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Brood stock management and larval rearing of mud crab scylla serrata-Gayatri ...
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- 2. Social Conflict of Fishers Society Dian Ayunita NND
- 3. Theory of Conflict KRIESBERG (1998): a social conflict exists when two or more persons or groups manifest the belief that they have incompatible objectives
- 4. Fishers’ Conflict Based on Its Cause • Class Conflict • Orientation Conflict • Primordial Conflict • Territorial Conflict (Arif Satria, 2002)
- 5. Class Conflict Conflict between social class of fishers (traditional and commercial fishers). for example: traditional fishers have less power than commercial fishers to utilize fisheries resource.
- 6. Orientation Conflict Different orientation of resource utilization between fishers (in short term and long term). for example: fishers who catching fish using bomb vs fishers who catching fish using trap.
- 7. Primordial Conflict Conflict that caused by different ethnic, origin, and identity of fishers. for example: conflict between Karimunjawa fishers and Pulau Seribu fishers that caught fish in Karimunjawa Island.
- 8. Territorial Conflict Conflict that caused by dispute/altercation fishing ground between fishers or another partite. for example: conflict between fishers and sand miner at Riau Island
- 9. Type of Fishers Traditional Fishers Commercial Fishers Traditional Orientation Conflict Class Conflict Fishers Territory Conflict Primordial Conflict Commercial Class Conflict Territory Conflict Fishers Territory Conflict Orientation Primordial Conflict Conflict Primordial Conflict