This document provides an overview of topics covered in an emergency first aid course, including:
1. Human anatomy and the circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems.
2. Definitions of first aid, its aims to preserve life, prevent worsening conditions, and promote recovery.
3. Responsibilities of first aiders including incident management, casualty care, assessment, treatment, and prevention of cross-infection.
4. Procedures for airway management, breathing, circulation, shock, and wound treatment including bleeding control.
PHEM - Pre Hospital Emergency Medicine Guidelines for TrainersEmergency Live
This Guide describes the curriculum, training and assessment processes for Pre-hospital Emergency
Medicine (PHEM) sub-specialty training. It reflects the General Medical Council (GMC) standards and the
uK wide regulations for specialty training (the Gold Guide).1,2 Where there are differences between the four
uK national agencies, the parts of the Gold Guide applicable to these agencies should be regarded as the
definitive guidance.
PHEM - Pre Hospital Emergency Medicine Guidelines for TrainersEmergency Live
This Guide describes the curriculum, training and assessment processes for Pre-hospital Emergency
Medicine (PHEM) sub-specialty training. It reflects the General Medical Council (GMC) standards and the
uK wide regulations for specialty training (the Gold Guide).1,2 Where there are differences between the four
uK national agencies, the parts of the Gold Guide applicable to these agencies should be regarded as the
definitive guidance.
Final First Aid Training Slide part.pptxmdbashir12
Fter getting injury its mandatory to give first aid treatmnet before arrival of professional doctor or professional team to handle the injured person so this slide is belonging to to those person whop wants leaner that how to become proper first aider so need read it.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
3. 3
Areas Covered in this Session
• Human Anatomy
• What is first aid
• Aims of first aid
• The Responsibilities of the First Aider
• Delegation / Confidence / Communication
• Incident / Casualty priorities
• Multiple casualties
• Staying Safe during First Aid DANGER
• Telephone the Emergency Services 999
11. 11
Respiration is the exchange of gases, oxygen
and carbon dioxide, which takes place in the
lungs and cells of the body.
Define Respiration
Take in oxygen
Remove carbon dioxide
19. 19
Airway
• Before opening the airway (check) for any
obstructions and remove (clear) them if
possible
• By tilting the head back and lifting the chin
forward, the tongue is drawn away (open)
from the back of the throat. Suspected Spinal
injuries will differ, majority are conscious.
• In an unconsciousness casualty the tongue
may fall back to block the airway.
31. 31
Lay Rescuer CPR Guidelines
• Establish that the casualty is unresponsive
– Dial 112/999 ask for cardiac ambulance
• Open the Airway
– Head tilt/chin lift or, if trauma is suspected, jaw
thrust.
– Check for normal breathing.
– (look, listen, feel)
• If normal breathing is absent
– Give 2 slow breaths (2 seconds per breath)
– Ensure adequate chest rise, and allow exhalation
between breaths.
32. 32
Lay Rescuer CPR Guidelines
• Check for signs of circulation
– Normal breathing, coughing, or movement in
response to the 2 breaths
– If signs of circulation are present but there is no
normal breathing, provide rescue breathing
– 1 breath every 6 seconds, about 10 breaths per
minute
• If no signs of circulation are present,
– Begin cycles of 15 chest compressions (about 100
compressions per minute) followed by 2 slow
breaths
37. 37
Secondary Survey
Complete Top to Toe Survey
Complete Definitive Treatments
Breathing
Pulse
Skin Colour
Temperature
Level of response
Monitor Vital Signs
54. 54
MODERATE LOSS
2 to 3 pints (20% - 30%)
slightly raised
cold and sweaty
pale
dilating, but equal
slightly raised
light headed, faint
constant observation and
monitoring of vital signs to
determine medical progress
cool
becoming unstable
Pulse
Skin
Colour
Pupils
Breathing
Consciousness
History
Peripheral Temp.
General Condition
Blood Loss 2-3 pints
55. 55
SEVERE LOSS
over 3 pints (30% and over)
fast, light, thready
cold and clammy
pale - cyanosed
dilated and equal, slow to react
to light
deep sighing - air hunger
apathetic, low pain threshold
may become thirsty and suffer
from blurred vision
cold
poor, could prove fatal
Pulse
Skin
Colour
Pupils
Breathing
Consciousness
History
Peripheral Temp.
General Condition
Blood Loss over 3 pints
58. 58
If unconsciousness persists
Call for the ambulance
Treatment for Fainting
• Raise and support lower limbs
• Fresh air, open window
• As they recover reassure casualty
• Assist casualty to sit up
• Treat any injuries
60. 60
Anaphylactic Shock
The name given to a major Allergic reaction
within the body;
Causes:
• Specific drugs
• Stings
• Ingestion of certain foods (peanuts)
• Chemical released into the blood stream
causing the blood vessels to dilate thus
restricting the airway.
71. 78
Lots of blood, Possible underlying injury
Scalp & Head Wounds
Treatment;
• Displace skin flaps (Split wounds)
• Apply direct pressure (Sterile dressing, secure)
• Lay casualty down slightly raised head &
shoulders
• Unconscious ABC (Recovery position)
72. 79
Minor Wounds
• Minor wounds may need medical help
– Dog bite,
– Infected
– Embedded object etc.
• Minor bleeding
• Foreign bodies
• Bruises
HYGIENE
106. 113
IF IN DOUBT
TREAT AS A SPINAL INJURY
Treatment of Spinal Injuries
• Call for an ambulance.
– do not attempt to treat casualty on your own
• Support head and neck.
• Instruct casualty not to move.
• Reassurance.
• Do not move casualty unless in extreme
danger.
107. 114
“LIFT WITH THE LEGS”
Principles of Lifting
• Assess the Task - Area - Load
• Bend the knees
• Broad stable base
• Back straight (Not necessarily vertical)
• Firm grip with palm of hand
• Arms in line with trunk
• Weight close to center of gravity
• Turn feet in direction of movement
108. 115
Types and Causes of Burns
• Dry Burn
• Scald
• Electrical Burn
• Chemical Burn
• Radiation
• Friction Burn
• Cold Burn
• Fire- Domestic appliances
• Hot liquids - Steam
• Low and high voltage - Lightning
• Industrial & Domestic chemicals
• Sunburn - Exposure to radiation
• Fast moving belts – Machinery
• Bare skin contacting ice etc.
116. 123
Define Diabetes
• A condition in which the body fails to regulate
the concentration of sugar in the blood.
• Diabetics are prone to two main problems:
– Hypoglycemia
– Hyperglycemia
117. 124
Hypoglycemia - Low blood glucose
pale
profuse sweating and cold
irritable, confused or may be
unconscious, fits may be
present in later stages
rapid and weak
sudden, may be minutes
sugar
normal to rapid
Colour
Skin
Consciousness
Pulse
Onset
Treatment
Breathing
Signs and Symptoms
118. 125
Hyperglycemia - high blood glucose
flushed
dry
restless, drowsy or lethargic
behaviour
rapid and full
gradual, hours to days
insulin
deep and sighing, possible
sweet smell - acetone
Colour
Skin
Consciousness
Pulse
Onset
Treatment
Breathing
Signs and Symptoms
123. 130
Forms of Epilepsy
• Absence Seizures
– A minor form of epilepsy
– Resembles daydreaming.
• Seizures
– A major form of epilepsy.
– The patient experiences fits with a period of
unconsciousness.
124. 131
Risk Assessment
• Look for Hazards
• Who might be harmed
• Evaluate the risk
• Record your findings
• Review Assessment
Hazard means anything that can cause harm (e.g
chemicals, electricity, working from ladders etc).
Risk is the chance high or low, that somebody will
be harmed by the hazard.
125. 132
Risk Assessment
• A proper check was made
• You asked who might be affected
• You dealt with all obvious significant hazards,
taking into account the number of people who
could be involved
• The precautions are reasonable, and the
remaining risk is low
Risk Assessments must be suitable and sufficient.
You must be able to show that:
126. 133
Activity Hazards Persons
exposed
Likelihood Severity Risk
Weight
Lifting
Weights falling onto
fatigued body
Weight
Lifter
1. Most Unlikely
2. Unlikely
3. Likely
4. Most Likely
1. Trivial Injury
2. Slight Injury
3. Serious
Injury
4. Major Injury
or Death
Company Name……………….Completed by………………..Date……..
RISK ASSESSMENT SHEET
Risk Assessment
To establish RISK Rating, multiply LIKELIHOOD by the SEVERITY
Rating Bands Action Required
1 & 2 Minimal Risk Maintain Control Measures
3 & 4 Low Risk Review Control Measures
Rating Bands Action Required
6 & 8 Medium Risk Improve Control Measures
9, 12 & 16 Improve Controls immediately
and consider stopping work