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Final First Aid Training Slide part.pptx
- 1. ADEPTUS INPECTIONAND TESTINGUK LIMITED 1 Welcome toyour: Emergency First Aid Course Your Instructoris: Mr. Javed Ahmad
- 2. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 3 Areas Covered in thisSession • Human Anatomy • What is first aid • Aims of first aid • The Responsibilities of the First Aider • Delegation / Confidence / Communication • Incident / Casualty priorities • Multiple casualties • Staying Safe during First Aid DANGER • Telephone the Emergency Services 999
- 3. 4 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Human Anatomy(remind/revise) 1. Trachea 2. Lungs 3. Heart 4. Liver 5. Stomach 6. Pancreas 7. Large intestine 8. Small intestine 1 3 4 2 5 6 7 8 4 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 4. 5 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED CirculatorySystem Aorta Largest artery in the body Arteries Strong muscular, elastic walls enable arteries to expand with each surge of blood away from the heart and towards tissues Veins Action of muscles around these thin walled vessels squeezes blood through them, and one-way valves keep it from flowing back towards the heart 5 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 5. 6 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED CirculatorySystem 6
- 6. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTINGUK LIMITED 7 The Heart
- 7. Circulatory SystemVideo ADEPTUS INPECTIONAND TESTING UK LIMITED 8
- 8. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 9 Functions of theBlood • Transportation of gases • Nutrition • Regulation
- 9. 10 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Pulse Points Carotid Brachial Radial Femoral 10 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 10. 11 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED The RespiratorySystem 11 Respirtory Centre (Brain) Bronchioles Alveoli Tongue Epiglottis Trachea Lung Diaphragm © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 11. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 12 Respiration is the exchange of gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide, which takes place in the lungs and cells of the body. Define Respiration Take in oxygen Remove carbondioxide
- 12. 13 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED What is First Aid • The treatment given for any injury, or sudden illness before the arrival of an ambulance, doctor or any other qualified person. 13 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 13. 14 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED The Aims of First Aid • To Preserve life • To Prevent the condition getting worse • To Promote recovery 14 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 14. 15 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Responsibilities of FirstAider • Incident Management - Assess the situation / get help • Casualty Care - Protect casualty and others from Danger • Assess the casualty • Identify casualty’s injury / Illness • Provide treatment • Arrange transport • Remain with the casualty • Prevent cross infection 15 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 15. 16 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Approach and Action • Assess the situation • Telephone for help • Assess any further danger – Can you cope – Do you need assistance • Begin Treatment 16 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 16. 17 Primary Assessment Danger yourpresentenvironment Responses of yourcasualty Airway Breathing Circulation ADEPTUS INPECTION AND TESTING UK LIMITED
- 17. 18 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Road Traffic Accidents Make the accident site safe 18 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training Speed Kills
- 18. 19 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Alert responds appropriately / aware of place / time Verbal responds in some manner to voice Pain responds in some manner to painful stimuli Unresponsive Does not respond to painful stimuli Levels of Response(AVPU) 19 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 19. Primary AssessmentVideo ADEPTUS INPECTIONAND TESTING UK LIMITED 20
- 20. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 21 Airway • Before opening the airway (check) for any obstructions and remove (clear) them if possible • By tilting the head back and lifting the chin forward, the tongue is drawn away (open) from the back of the throat. Suspected Spinal injuries will differ, majority are conscious. • In an unconsciousness casualty the tongue may fall back to block the airway.
- 21. 22 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Airway OPEN AIRWAY 22 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 22. 23 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Average Breathing Rates Adults 12 – 20 times per minute Infants and young children 20 - 30 times per minute BreathingRates 23 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 23. 24 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Inspired and ExpiredAir 24 Other Gases 1% Inspired Air Carbon Dioxide 4% Other Gases 1% Expired Air © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 24. 25 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED IF ABSENT BREATHE FOR YOUR CASUALTY ! Breathing 25 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training Look, Listen & Feel up to10seconds
- 25. 26 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Self Protection ALWAYS WEAR GLOVES When dealing with blood or body fluids 26 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 26. 27 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Staying Safe during FirstAid • Blood and Bodily Fluid – HIV – Hepatitis B – Always wear protective gloves and goggles when dealing with blood and bodyfluids • Environmental Hazards – Traffic – Electrical Wires – Gas Leak 27 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 27. 28 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Emergency Services999 Always Give the Following Information: • Name and telephone number • Give exact location • Type of incident • Seriousness of incident • Number of casualties • Condition of casualties • Any hazards DON'T HANG UP THE PHONE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO ! 28 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 28. 29 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Multiple Casualties Assess Danger Remove Danger Assess Casualties responses Assess Casualties A.B.C 4 X B’s 29 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 29. 30 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Immediate CareConditions • Lack of Airway • Lack of Breathing • Lack of Pulse • Suspected Spinal Injury • Shock 30 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 30. 31 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Life ThreateningConditions • Asphyxia • Bleeding • Cardiac arrest • Shock 31 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 31. 32 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Principles of Resuscitation • For life to be sustained,: – A constant supply of oxygen must be maintained and delivered to the brain and other vital organsby circulating the blood. • The “pump” that maintains this circulation: – Is the heart. If the heart stops (cardiacarrest) urgent action must be taken if death is to be prevented. 32 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 32. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 33 Lay Rescuer CPRGuidelines • Establish that the casualty is unresponsive – Dial 112/999 ask for cardiac ambulance • Open the Airway – Head tilt/chin lift or, if trauma is suspected, jaw thrust. – Check for normal breathing. – (look, listen, feel) • If normal breathing is absent – Give 2 slow breaths (2 seconds perbreath) – Ensure adequate chest rise, and allowexhalation between breaths.
- 33. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 34 Lay Rescuer CPRGuidelines • Check for signs of circulation – Normal breathing, coughing, or movement in response to the 2breaths – If signs of circulation are present but there is no normal breathing, provide rescuebreathing – 1 breath every 6 seconds, about 10 breathsper minute • If no signs of circulation are present, – Begin cycles of 15 chest compressions (about 100 compressions per minute) followed by 2 slow breaths
- 34. 35 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED IF NO PULSE PRESENT COMMENCE CARDIAC MASSAGE ! Circulation 35 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 35. 36 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Speed is Essential • CPR if Commenced within 3 Minutes of Arrest can Prevent Permanent Brain Damage • Buys Time to Allow Successful Defibrillation by Trained personnel 36 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 36. 37 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Early Access Early CPR Early Defibrillation Early Advanced Cardiac Care The Chain of Survival 37 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 37. CPR video ADEPTUS INPECTIONAND TESTING UK LIMITED 39
- 38. AED demo: video ADEPTUSINPECTION AND TESTING UK LIMITED 40
- 39. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 41 SecondarySurvey Breathing Pulse Skin Colour Temperature Level of response Complete Top to Toe Survey Complete DefinitiveTreatments Monitor Vital Signs
- 40. 42 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Sequence ofexamination. 2. Neck 7.Pelvis Lower Back 8. Lower Limbs 5. Upper Limbs 1. Head 4. Shoulders 3. Chest 6. Abdomen Top to Toe Survey 42 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 41. 43 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED External Clues If casualty is Unconscious Look for Clues 43 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 42. 44 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Treatment Priorities • A B C • Maintain airway (Recovery position) • Bleeding • Treat large wounds and burns • Immobilise bone and joint injuries • Other injuries / Conditions • Regularly monitor casualty ABC 44 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 43. 46 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Patient Interview • S Symptoms • A Allergies • M Medications • P Past Medical History • L Last Meal • E Events 46 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 44. 47 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Dressings & Bandages:Uses • Dressings – Control bleeding – Reduce infection • Bandages – Direct pressure – Securing dressings etc – Reduce swelling, supportlimbs – Restrict movement 47 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 45. 48 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Rules for ApplyingDressings • Wear disposable gloves • If possible, wash hands • Correct size • Place pad directly onto wound • Avoid touching wound • Try not to cough or sneeze 48 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 46. Hand DressingVideo ADEPTUS INPECTIONAND TESTING UK LIMITED 49
- 47. How to makea Sling (Video) ADEPTUS INPECTION AND TESTING UK LIMITED 50
- 48. 51 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Preventing CrossInfection • Always wash your hands – Before dressing awound • Wear disposable gloves • Avoid touching the wound • Do not sneeze or cough – When treating a wound • Place soiled dressing in suitable bag – Seal and destroy by incineration 51 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 49. 52 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED The Choking Casualty Recognition • Cannot Breathe • Cannot Speak • Cannot Cough • May Clutch Throat 52 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 50. Choking managementvideo ADEPTUS INPECTIONAND TESTING UK LIMITED 53
- 51. 54 Carbon monoxide Vehicle exhausts,chimneys – headache, confusion – aggression, nausea – vomiting, incontinence – dusky skin – unconsciousness Smoke Fires – coughing – swollen air passages – unconsciousness burns Carbon dioxide Deep enclosed spaces – Breathlessness – headache – Hypoxia – confusion – unconsciousness ADEPTUS INPECTION AND TESTING UKLIMITED Solvents & Fuels Glues, lighter fluid – headache, vomiting – Stupor(near unconc:) – unconsciousness – death Effects of Fume Inhalation
- 52. 57 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Causes of Shock • Blood loss • Heart attack • Allergic reaction • Loss of body fluids • Massive infection • Damage to spinal nerves 57 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 53. 58 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Shock - First Signs RECOGNITION: – (adrenaline causes) • Rapid pulse • Pale gray skin • Cold clammy skin • Sweating 58 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 54. 59 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Treatment for Shock 59 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 55. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 60 MODERATE LOSS 2 to 3 pints (20% - 30%) slightly raised cold and sweaty pale dilating, but equal slightly raised light headed, faint constant observation and monitoring of vital signs to determine medical progress cool becoming unstable Pulse Skin Colour Pupils Breathing Consciousness History Peripheral Temp. General Condition Blood Loss 2-3pints
- 56. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 61 SEVERE LOSS over 3 pints (30% and over) fast, light, thready cold and clammy pale - cyanosed dilated and equal, slow to react to light deep sighing - airhunger apathetic, low pain threshold may become thirsty and suffer from blurred vision cold poor, could prove fatal Pulse Skin Colour Pupils Breathing Consciousness History Peripheral Temp. General Condition Blood Loss over 3pints
- 57. 62 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Causes of Fainting • Temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain • Reaction to pain or fright • Emotional upset • Exhaustion • Lack of food • Long periods of standing 62 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 58. 63 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Recognition of Fainting • Brief loss of consciousness • Fall to the floor • Slow pulse • Pallor 63 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 59. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 64 If unconsciousness persists Call for the ambulance Treatment for Fainting • Raise and support lower limbs • Fresh air, open window • As they recover reassure casualty • Assist casualty to sit up • Treat any injuries
- 60. 65 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Anaphylactic Shock 65 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 61. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 66 Anaphylactic Shock The name given to a major Allergic reaction within the body; Causes: • Specific drugs • Stings • Ingestion of certain foods (peanuts) • Chemical released into the blood stream causing the blood vessels to dilate thus restricting the airway.
- 62. 67 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Severe Allergies • Anxiety • Blotchy skin • Swelling of face • Swelling of neck • Puffiness around eyes • Breathing difficulties • Rapid pulse 67 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 63. 68 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Treatment of SevereAllergies • Relieve Breathing • Epi-pen 999 68 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 64. 78 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Types of Bleeding • Arterial • Venous • Capillary Always wear protective gloves and goggles when dealing with blood and body fluids 78 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 65. 79 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Wound Types Laceration Contusion Incised Puncture 79 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 66. 80 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Bleeding Control Pressure Elevation Shock Infection 999 80 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 67. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 84 Lots of blood, Possible underlying injury Scalp & Head Wounds Treatment; • Displace skin flaps (Split wounds) • Apply direct pressure (Sterile dressing, secure) • Lay casualty down slightly raised head & shoulders • Unconscious ABC (Recovery position)
- 68. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 85 Minor Wounds • Minor wounds may need medical help – Dog bite, – Infected – Embedded objectetc. • Minor bleeding • Foreign bodies • Bruises HYGIENE
- 69. 86 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Bleeding fromOrifices • Mouth • Ear • Nose • Anus • Urethra • Vagina 86 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 70. 88 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Eye Injury • Provide support for the casualty’s head • Give the casualty a sterile dressing to hold on the eye • Arrange removal to hospital 88 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 71. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 89 Types of Head Injury All Head Injuries Are Serious; • Wounds to the scalp • Fracture of the skull • Concussion • Cerebral compression
- 72. 90 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED FracturedSkull 90 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 73. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 91 Recognition of Concussion • Brief or partial loss of consciousness • Nausea, • Dizziness on recover • Memory loss
- 74. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 92 Cerebral Compression • Noisy slow respiration's • Slow, full and bounding pulse • Flushed face • Diminished level of response – going into unconsciousness • Unequal or dilated pupils • Intense headache
- 75. 93 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED FracturedSkull 93 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 76. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 94 Infantile convulsion Asphyxia Epileptic Fit Causes of Unconsciousness F Fainting I S Shock HHead injury S Stroke H Heart Attack A P Poison E D Diabetes
- 77. 95 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Types of Muscles Voluntary Biceps etc. Tendons Involuntary Operate vital organs Heart etc. 95 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 78. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UKLIMITED 96 Soft Tissue Injuries
- 79. 97 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Soft Tissue Injuries - Sprains Sprains are injuries due to: • Stretching or tearing ligaments or other tissues at a joint. • Caused by a sudden twist or stretch of a joint beyond it’s normal motion 97 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 80. 98 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Soft Tissue Injuries - Sprains The Symptoms of a Sprain are: • Pain on movement • Swelling • Tenderness • Discoluration 98 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 81. 99 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Soft Tissue Injuries - Strains • A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon caused by over-exertion. • In severe cases muscles or tendons are torn and the muscle fibres are stretched. 99 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 82. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 100 Soft Tissue Injuries - Strains The Symptoms of a strain are; • Intense pain • Moderate swelling • Painful movement • Difficult movement • Sometimes, discolouration
- 83. 101 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED IF IN DOUBT - TREAT AS A FRACTURE ! Soft Tissue injuries Treatment (RICER) • Rest the injured part. • Apply Ice or cold compress. – (15-20mins) • Compress the injury. • Elevate the injured part. • Rehabilitate / Recuperation 101 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 84. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 102 Rehabilitation Stop moaning I haven’t startedyet…
- 85. 103 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Functions of the Skeleton • Support • Movement • Protection • Produce blood cells 103 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 86. 104 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED CAUSES: Direct force Indirect force Muscular action Disease TYPES Open/Closed Stable/Unstable Greenstick Definition of aFracture Definition; • A broken or cracked bone 104 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 87. 105 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Simple: This is a clean break or crack in the bone Simple Fracture 105 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 88. 106 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Comminuted: This is a type of fracture that produces multiple bone fragments Comminuted Fracture 106 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 89. 107 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Green stick: A split in a young, immature bone. Most common in children Green-Stick Fracture 107 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 90. 108 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Open: In a open fracture, part of the bone breaks through the skin causing bleeding The exposed bone is Vulnerable to contamination Wound Open Fracture 108 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 91. 109 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Closed: The surrounding skin is unbroken. Closed Fracture 109 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 92. 110 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Open Fractures • Cover wound, apply dressing • Place padding over and around the wound • Secure dressing and padding • Immobilise injured part • 999 • Treat casualty for shock • N.B. Nothing to eat or drink 110 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 93. 111 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Closed Fractures /Dislocations • Support injured part • Secure injured part • 999 • Circulation – (10 minutes) • N.B. Traction in extreme locations 111 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 94. 112 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Assessment of Injuries • History: (Ask the casualty what happened) – Violent blow or fall – Snapping sound – Sharp pain • Compare: – One side of the body againstanother • Visualise: – Try and imagine whathappened • X-ray: – Injury may not be obvious 112 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 95. 113 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Assessment of injuries Recognition; • Difficulty moving limbs • Pain made worse by movement • Distortion • Coarse grating at bone ends • Shock (Femur, Ribcage, Pelvis) • Shortening, bending or twisting 113 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 96. 114 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Dislocations • Partial or full displacement of bones at a joint • Tears ligaments • Associated fracture • External wrenching force • Violent muscle contraction • Do not attempt to replace joint 114 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 97. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 115 Injuries to the face andjaw • Maintain airway • Possible spinal injury • Possible head injury • Reduce swelling • Hospital treatment
- 98. 116 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Cervical 7 Thoracic 12 Lumbar 5 Sacrum 5 (fused) 4 coccyx (fused) • Intervertebral discs – Padding or cushioning – Gristle The Human Spine • Spinal Cord – Composed of nervefibres 116 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 99. 117 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Spinal Injuries Three things are required; • A high index of suspicion. • Acute observation. • Dexterous and gentle handling. 117 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 100. 118 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Spinal Injury Your aims are; • To prevent further injury • Arrange removal to hospital 118 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 101. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 119 IF IN DOUBT TREAT AS A SPINAL INJURY Treatment of SpinalInjuries • Call for an ambulance. – do not attempt to treat casualty on yourown • Support head and neck. • Instruct casualty not to move. • Reassurance. • Do not move casualty unless in extreme danger.
- 102. 120 Principles of Lifting •Assess the Task - Area - Load • Bend the knees • Broad stable base • Back straight (Not necessarily vertical) • Firm grip with palm of hand • Arms in line with trunk • Weight close to center of gravity • Turn feet in direction of movement “LIFT WITH THE LEGS” ADEPTUS INPECTION AND TESTING UK LIMITED
- 103. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 121 Types and Causes ofBurns • Dry Burn • Scald • Electrical Burn • Chemical Burn • Radiation • Friction Burn • Cold Burn • Fire- Domesticappliances • Hot liquids - Steam • Low and high voltage - Lightning • Industrial & Domestic chemicals • Sunburn - Exposure toradiation • Fast moving belts –Machinery • Bare skin contacting ice etc.
- 104. 122 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Burns Superficial Partial Thickness Full Thickness 122 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 105. 123 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Treatment of MinorBurns Your Aim Is; • Halt the burning process • Relieve the swelling • Relieve the pain • Minimise risk of infection • Seek medical advice 123 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 106. 124 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Treatment of SevereBurns Your Aim Is To Ensure; • Scene safety • A, B, C • Halt the burning process, • Relieve pain • Treat for shock – Resuscitate if necessary – Treat associated injuries – Minimise the riskof infection – Arrange urgent removalto hospital 124 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 107. 125 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Heat Exhaustion • Recognition – Wet / sweaty appearance, Fatigue / Palelook – Headaches with possiblecramps • Treatment – Remove from offendingenvironment – Fan / cool patient – Provide cooldrink doctor or dial – Advise to see 999 if they deteriorate 125 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 108. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 126 Heat Stroke • Recognition – Hot dry redskin – Rapid Lowered level ofconsciousness – Nausea and/or vomiting – Body temperature above 40ºC(104ºF) • Treatment – Remove from offendingenvironment – Dial 999 for an Ambulance – Cool patient with cold, wetsheets – Nothing by mouth
- 109. 127 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Hypothermia General cooling of body Mild Hypothermia – Shivers - Cool body – < 98.6 temperature Severe Hypothermia – No Shivers – Sluggishness – Lowered levelof consciousness 127 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 110. 128 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Hypothermia • Treatment – Remove fromoffending environment – Remove wetclothing – Insulate with blanket or covers • Mild – Offer hot drink • Severe – Activate EMS – Provide source ofheat 128 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 111. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 129 Define Diabetes • A condition in which the body fails to regulate the concentration of sugar in the blood. • Diabetics are prone to two main problems: – Hypoglycemia – Hyperglycemia
- 112. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 130 Hypoglycemia - Low blood glucose pale profuse sweating and cold irritable, confused or maybe unconscious, fits may be present in later stages rapid and weak normal to rapid sudden, may be minutes sugar Colour Skin Consciousness Pulse Breathing Onset Treatment Signs and Symptoms
- 113. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 131 restless, drowsy or lethargic behaviour Hyperglycemia - high blood glucose Colour flushed Skin dry Consciousness Pulse rapid and full Breathing deep and sighing, possible sweet smell - acetone Onset gradual, hours to days Treatment insulin Signs and Symptoms
- 114. 132 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Hypoglycaemia - Treatment Conscious Patient; • Establish A, B, C • Help patient to lie or sit down • Give sugary foods, drinks etc. • Advise to See their Doctor 132 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 115. 133 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Hypoglycaemia - Treatment Unconscious Patient • Establish A, B, C • Place patient in recovery position • Monitor vital signs • Prevent chilling • Look for other causes • Urgent removal to hospital 133 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 116. 134 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Hyperglycaemia - Treatment • Establish A, B, C • Place patient in recovery position • Monitor vital signs / Prevent chilling • Look for other causes • Urgent removal to hospital 134 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 117. 135 ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED Define Epilepsy Definition: • A condition that causes brief disruptions in the normal electrical activity of the brain. 135 © 2002 Abertay Nationwide Training
- 118. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 136 Forms of Epilepsy • Absence Seizures – A minor form of epilepsy – Resembles daydreaming. • Seizures – A major form ofepilepsy. – The patient experiences fits with a periodof unconsciousness.
- 119. 137 Risk Assessment Hazard meansanything that can cause harm(e.g chemicals, electricity, working from ladders etc). Risk is the chance high or low, that somebody will be harmed by the hazard. • Look for Hazards • Who might be harmed • Evaluate the risk • Record your findings • Review Assessment ADEPTUS INPECTION AND TESTING UK LIMITED
- 120. 138 Risk Assessment Risk Assessmentsmust be suitableand sufficient. You must be able to showthat: • A proper check was made • You asked who might be affected • You dealt with all obvious significant hazards, taking into account the number of people who could be involved • The precautions are reasonable, and the remaining risk is low ADEPTUS INPECTION AND TESTING UK LIMITED
- 121. 139 Activity Hazards Persons exposed LikelihoodSeverity Risk Weight Lifting Weights fallingonto fatigued body Weight Lifter 1. Most Unlikely 2. Unlikely 3. Likely 4. Most Likely 1. Trivial Injury 2. Slight Injury 3.Serious Injury 4.Major Injury or Death RISK ASSESSMENTSHEET Company Name……………….Completed by………………..Date…….. Risk Assessment To establish RISK Rating, multiply LIKELIHOOD by the SEVERITY ADEPTUS INPECTION AND TESTING UK LIMITED Rating Bands 1 & 2 Minimal Risk 3 & 4 Low Risk Action Required Maintain Control Measures Review Control Measures Action Required Rating Bands 6 & 8 Medium Risk 9, 12 & 16 Improve Control Measures Improve Controls immediately and consider stopping work
- 122. ADEPTUS INPECTION ANDTESTING UK LIMITED 140 THANKS