Avant-garde art movements of the period of wars, first decades of the 20th Century: fauvism, expressionism, cubism and futurism

1. Avant-garde art: the
aesthetics of
anguish, modernism and social
utopia
First part
MA Rosa M. Brito

2. Fauvism: the desire for expression
Fauvism: "revolt against all"
General characteristics:
 Independent and arbitrary
colors when using unreal colors
(Van Gogh and Gauguin)
 The drawing is done with the
thick line of color.
Woman with a hat, 1905
MA Rosa M. Brito

3. http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=qlnBcaZEGb0
“There is nothing more difficult for a truly creative painter than to paint a
rose, because before he can do so he has first to forget all the roses that
were ever painted”. - Henri Matisse (1869-1954)

4. Fauvism
No classical harmony
because the stridency of
color
The light usually
disappears, there is no
depth
 The themes are very
similar to the Impressionist
themes : landscapes, still
life, human figures in rooms
Madam Matisse, 1905
MA Rosa M. Brito

5. André Derain (1880-1954)
Collioure Mountains, 1905.
Matisse portrait of André Derain, 1905
The Turning Road, L'Estaque - 1906
MA Rosa M. Brito

6. Fauvismo, Henry Matisse
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AXV8BBUuT8c

7. Expressionism: the dark side of emotion
• Expressionist movement originated in
Germany and Austria
•Sigmund Freud: theories on the role of
the unconscious, dreams´ meaning and
practice of psychoanalysis.
• General Characteristics:
• Great creative diversity and individualism
Lovis Corinth, Ecce
Homo, 1925
• Plastic characteristics: subjective expression, violent
application of colors (influenced by the Fauves), the morbid
theme, the forbidden, the fantastic.
MA Rosa M. Brito

8. • Expressionism develops in all the arts, for example:
 cinematography (Fritz Lang)
Metropolis, 1927
1915
 literature (Kafka),
 dance (Mary Wigman)
MA Rosa M. Brito

9. The Bridge
1905
Influenced by Fauvism
The Blue Rider
1912
Pessimism about the human
condition in general
Pessimism about the human
condition in general
Contact with nature and a
return to simplicity
Captures the spiritual essence
of reality
Creation in harmony with
nature
Creation in search of inner
beauty
Some style unity
Individualism
MA Rosa M. Brito

10. Ernst Kirchner (1880-1938) representative of The Bridge
Bathers at Moritzburg, 1908
What characteristics can you find from The Bridge movement
in this painting?
MA Rosa M. Brito

11. Edvard Munch (1863-1944) from The Blue Rider
The sick child, 1907
The Scream, 1893
What characteristics of the Blue Rider movement do you
find in this painting?
MA Rosa M. Brit
o

12. Kathe Kollwitz (1867-1945), German-jewish expressionist
artist who used her works to protest Nazism andJewish
extermination
MA Rosa M. Brito

13. “Nosferatu y El gabinete del Dr.
Caligari, fueron filmes remarcables por
muchos aspectos. Uno de los mismos es
que reflejaron el mórbido período que
enfrentó Alemania luego del humillante
Tratado de Versalles, que puso fin a la
Gran Guerra Europea. “ CINEFANIA
Stated by CINEFANIA, both films
were very important because they
reflected the moral issue confronted by
Germany after the Versailles Treaty
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari de 1919
“La crisis económica exasperante y las
dificultades sociales, moneda corriente
por aquellos años, promovieron uno de
los ambientes más lúgubres y oscuros, y
tuvieron contrapartida en un movimiento
artístico denominado Expresionismo,”
CINEFANIA
Economic and social crises motivated a
gloomy atmosphere in
Germany, reflected in its art.
Nosferatu, 1922

14. Activity
• Analyze the characteristics of your face and draw it in
your notebook in a fauvist style. Add some expressionist
touch by giving emotional charge to your gesture.
• It is suggested not to draw with pencil or pen, but to
use the color pencils directly, with a strong application of
color. Be bold!
The characteristics of Fauvism are:
a) Independence of color, bicolor and multicolor faces
b) The drawing is done with the thick line of color. This
line is so independent that can change color over its
definition
c) No classical harmony because of the stridency of color
and the use of contrasting colors
MA Rosa M. Brito

15. Cubism: the desire to escape
Paul Cézanne: post-impresionista
painter:“Treat nature by means of the
cylinder, the sphere, the cone, everything”
brought into proper perspective “ (Connect
with the Art Masters)
Cézanne, Chateau Noir, 1900-04
General characteristics:
• Analysis and decomposition of form
• “The artist will show all sides of a threedimensional form on a flat surface” (La
Ciencia del Arte)
Juan Gris, Guitar over
the table, 1913
• Cubists juxtapose shapes that affect each other resulting in
different and new shapes.
MA Rosa M. Brito

16. Analytical cubism, origens: Picasso, Braque and Gris
Pablo Picasso, Las Señoritas de Avignon, 1907
Georges Braque, El Portugués, 1911
Juan Gris, Guitarra ante el
mar, 1925
MA Rosa M. Brito

17. Synthetic cubism: papier collé
Juan Gris. Botella de Anís del Mono (1914) Museo Nacional Centro
Reina Sofía, Madrid.)
«A partir de 1912, se empieza a gestar el cubismo sintético. En esta fase, el
objeto ya no se descompone, sino que se resume o sintetiza en sus aspectos más
esenciales…. Para ayudarse a formar la visión sintética de los objetos, se
valieron de la aplicación del collage (papeles u otros materiales pegados al
cuadro). Para algunos historiadores, el collage fue la mayor aportación que
hizo el cubismo» (Lourdes Cirlot, Las claves de las vanguardias artísticas en el
siglo XX).
Lourdes Cirlot states that in synthetic cubism the object is not decomposed but
summarized and synthesized in its essence. To do this, artist used collage,
which it was one of the major contributions of Cubism to art.
Pablo Picasso, Still Life with bowl and Fruit
Paris, winter 1912
Charcoal, black chalk, watercolor, oil paint, coarse
charcoal or black pigment in binding medium, on newspaper
(Le Journal, 6 and 9 December 1912), blue and white laid
charcoal papers, supported by thin cardboard
64 x 49.5 cm
Philadelphia Museum of Art

18. Life Magazine, 1949
Behind the picture. Picasso
draws with light
http://life.time.com/culture/pablopicasso-draws-with-light-1949/#1
"It took me four years to paint like Raphael, but a lifetime to paint like a child."
Pablo Picasso
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JU9oaD0e7uU

19. Las 1000 caras de Picasso
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Xb78jOduA U

20. Pablo Picasso, 1881-1973
Self- portrait «Yo», 1901
Self-portrait with
Uncombed Hair (1896)
Woman with a cigarette, 1901
Boulevard de Clichy (1901)
La mort de Casagemas (1899-1900
The tragedy, 1903
Self-portrait, Paris, late 1901
La vie, 1903

21. Pablo Picasso, 1881-1973
Harlequin family, 1905
Self portrait, 1907
Family of Saltimbanques, 1905
Bather, 1909
Composition: The Peasants, 1906
Portrait of Wilhelm Uhde 1910
Self portrait with
palette, 1906
Glass and Bottle of Suze,1912

22. Pablo Picasso, 1881-1973
Three Musicians, 1921
Mother and son, 1938
Weeping, 1937
Woman sitting in an arm
chair, 1941
Rembrandtesque Figure and Cupid , 1969
Self-portrait, 1972

23. Pablo Picasso, 1881-1971
Mother with dead child, 1937
MA Rosa M. Brito

24. Activity: Analyze this Picasso´s work of art: Guernica, 1937
• Triangle, use as an organizational form in the Renaissance art
• A woman who fell from the roof of a burning building
• A horse with a stick on his back neighing of terror
• A head with eyes open and one arm outstretched, his hand reaching for something
•A woman holding a dead child, watching over her head the dropping bombs from
airplanes.
• The bull, icon of the Spanish culture
MA Rosa M. Brito

25. Guernica, Vancouver Film School
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4drJL-pRTko

26. Cubism expressed in sculpture art
•The sculpture is not from a homogeneous block of stone or
marble
•Gaps and voids between the surfaces
•“Absence of mass"
Archipenko, Silhouette,
1913
Lipchitz, Reclining Nude with Guitar, 1928
MA Rosa M. Brito

27. Las
Meninas, Vel
ázquez, 165
3
Las Meninas, Picasso, 1957

28. Futurism: dematerialization
• Representation of
dynamic effect of an
element in movement
• Technique:
multiplication of the
positions of a shape or
form
• Influence by the
rising cinema and
cubism.
Giacomo Balla, Girl running on a balcony, 1912
MA Rosa M. Brito

29. Eadweard J. Muybridge, English photographer (1830-1904)
Pioneer of animation and cinematography
Muybridge, by Adam Pellin Deeve
The horse in motion, 1878
http://vimeo.com/375773
Auguste and Louis Lumière, French earliest
filmmakers, (1862-1954, 1864 -1948)
In 1892 they started to work with images in motion. They
invented the camera-projector, “cinèmatographe” (1894)
Workers leaving the Lumière factiry, 1895, primer trabajo de los Hermanos
Lumiere
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxLGDF_121U&feature=related
MA Rosa M. Brito

30. Futurismo, Balla y Buccioni
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWElKGFNFR8

31. • The Futurist movement emerged in Italy.
• In 1909, the celebrated poet Marinetti published a manifesto
declaring the triumph of speed in painting as a symbol of the
conquest of civilization.
•Marinetti´s manifesto promulgates the pride and colonial
expansion, anti-clericalism, the cult of sport and heroism in
the between-wars-period Italy
These ideas later served to
boost, during the Second
World War, the fascist
movement.
MA Rosa M. Brito

32. Loie Fuller (1862-1928), pioneer
of modern dance, was the first
one to use the technology of the
times at the service of dance.
Danse Serpentine, by Loie Fuller, filmed
by Lumiére
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YNZ4
WCFJGPc&feature=related
MA Rosa M. Brito

33. Referencias y Bibliografía:
Connect with the Art Masters :: Avatar Arts. (n.d.). Avatar Arts. Retrieved February 17, 2011, from http://avatarstudioarts.com/connect-with-theart-masters/
André Derain (1880-1954), por Image & Art. (n.d.). Image & Art Tutoriales Historia del Diseà o Gráfico, Arte, BiografÃ-as Pintores,
Artistas Plásticos, MorfologÃ-a, TipografÃ-a, Seà alética . Retrieved February 17, 2011, from
http://www.imageandart.com/tutoriales/biografias/derain/derain.html
Cinematismo » Blog Archive » Expresionismo Alemán. (n.d.). Cinematismo . Retrieved February 26, 2011, from
http://www.cinematismo.com/expresionismo-aleman/expresionismo-aleman/
Cirlot, L. (1990). The key to modern art of the early 20th century . Minneapolis: Lerner Publications.
Cirlot, L. (1991). Las claves de las vanguardias arti̕sticas en el siglo XX (2. ed.). Barcelona: Planeta.
Cubismo (acercArte). (n.d.). RedEscolar - Portal Educativo. Retrieved February 18, 2011, from
http://redescolar.ilce.edu.mx/proyectos/acercarte/veinte_oto09/veinte5/carexp04a.htm
El Futurismo. (n.d.). ccäpitalia.net [arte, tecnologÃ-a e innovación]. Retrieved February 26, 2011, from
http://www.ccapitalia.net/macchina/futurismo.htm
Expresionismo alemán - SpanishArts. (n.d.). SPANISH ARTS - ARTE ESPAÑOL. Retrieved February 26, 2011, from
http://www.spanisharts.com/history/del_impres_s.XX/arte_sXX/vanguardias1/expresionismoaleman.html
Futurismo. (n.d.). ARTE EN ESPAÑA. Retrieved February 26, 2011, from http://www.arteespana.com/futurismo.htm
Juan Gris - SpanishArts. (n.d.). SPANISH ARTS - ARTE ESPAÑOL. Retrieved February 17, 2011, from
http://www.spanisharts.com/history/del_impres_s.XX/arte_sXX/vanguardias1/cubismo_gris.html
La ciencia del arte: la óptica en el ... - Google Libros. (n.d.). Google Books. Retrieved February 17, 2011, from
http://books.google.com/books?id=olbR5XSeax8C&pg=PA362&lpg=PA362&dq=El+artista+mostrar%C3%A1+todos+los+lados+de+una+f
orma+tridimensional+en+una+superficie+plana&source=bl&ots=T_bolzAhMW&sig=jvw68oibufg56vg_umZhXHiSsTw&hl=es&ei=vmFd
TYjFM4XSsAPD4tXxCg&sa=X&
Matisse: Life and Painting. (n.d.). Matisse: Life and Painting. Retrieved February 17, 2011, from http://www.henri-matisse.net/

34. Micheli, M. d. (1967). Las vanguardias artisticas del siglo XX . (La Habana: Ed. Unio̕n).
Namuth, H. (n.d.).SFMOMA | Explore Modern Art | Multimedia | San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA). Retrieved March
22, 2011, from http://www.sfmoma.org/multimedia/videos/250
Pablo Picasso. (n.d.). Mark Harden's Artchive. Retrieved February 17, 2011, from http://www.artchive.com/artchive/P/picasso.html
Poletti, F. (2006). El siglo XX: vanguardias : [las palabras clave, los lugares, los protagonistas]. Barcelona: :.
angelicalubian. (n.d.). YouTube - Nosferatu 1922- F. W. Murnau YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. . Retrieved February 27, 2011, from
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artehistoriacom. (n.d.). YouTube - Guernica - Vancouver Film School (VFS) YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. . Retrieved February 26, 2011, from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4drJL-pRTko
giulianopietra. (n.d.). YouTube - Futurismo YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. . Retrieved February 26, 2011, from
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ichiparanoid. (n.d.).
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