2. Zero Conditional Sentences
• If + present simple, present simple
Use the Zero Conditional to talk something
which is always true or always happens as the
result of something else:
If you want to be fit, you have to do exercise
every day
You can also use other present tenses, like the
present continuous or the present perfect in
either clause
3. First Conditional Sentences
• If (unless) + Present Simple,
will/won’t + infinitive
Use the First Conditional to talk about a
possible future situation and its consequence:
If you don’t study harder, you’ll fail the exam
4. First Conditional Sentences
• Unless = if … not
Compare:
If you don’t study harder, you’ll fail the
exam
Unless you study harder, you won’t pass the
exam
5. First Conditional Sentences
• You can also use an imperative, can, or
going to + infinitive instead of the will
clause
Come and see us next time if you have time
Unless you do more work, you’re going to
fail
If you miss the bus, you can get a taxi
6. First Conditional Sentences
• Punctuation rules:
Put a comma after the if clause:
If he doesn’t hurry up, he’ll be late for work
But NOT after the will clause:
He’ll be late for work if he doesn’t hurry up
7. Future Time Clauses
• Use the Present Simple (NOT the future)
after when, as soon as, until, before, and
after to talk about the future (actually, it
works exactly the same as 1st conditional
clauses):
When your father gets home, we’ll have
dinner
NOT: When your father will get home, we’ll
have dinner
8. Future Time Clauses
• In case= use it to talk about something you
do to be ready for the future. Compare:
I’ll take a jacket if it’s cold = (I won’t take
one if it’s not cold)
I’ll take a jacket in case it’s cold = (I’ll take a
jacket anyway because it might be cold)
9. Future Time Clauses
When your father gets home, we’ll have
dinner
I’ll have lunch before I leave
When + present simple, will + infinitive
Will + infinitive /before + present simple
10. Future Time Clauses
Call me as soon as you get your exam
results
Until you come home, I won’t go to bed
Imperative / as soon as + present simple
until + present simple, won’t + infinitive
