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Basic fire safety
The document provides an overview of fire safety, detailing the components necessary for fire ignition, types of fires and extinguishers, and safety measures to prevent and respond to fires. It outlines the importance of equipment maintenance, fire evacuation procedures, and effective use of extinguishers. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for regular training and inspection of fire safety equipment.
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Basic fire safety
- 1. 14/01/2008 Capt RajeshwarSingh 1
- 2. FIRES NEED 3THINGS TO START • Oxygen (Air) • Fuel (any material that will burn) • Heat (sparks, matches, flames) 14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 2
- 3. Classes of Fire •Class A • wood, cloth, paper, cardboard • Class B • flammable or combustible liquids, gases • Class C • energized electrical equipment • Class D • combustible metal, chemical reaction • Class K • vegetable oils, animal oils, or fats 14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 3
- 4. Fire Tetrahedron • Consistsof 4 sides Oxygen Fuel Heat Chain of Reaction 14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 4
- 5. Common Types ofFire ExtinguishersCommon Types of Fire Extinguishers WaterWater DDrryy CChheemmiiccaall CCOO22 andand HHaalloonn 14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 5
- 6. Major Causes ofFires • Carelessness with smoking and matches • Misuse of electricity (overloading a circuit or overuse of extension cords) • Improper rubbish disposal • Improper storage of flammables (such as gasoline) • Arson14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 6
- 7. EQUIPMENT Faulty equipment andthe improper use of equipment are major causes of fire in any facilities. 14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 7
- 8. EQUIPMENT Clean lint andgrease from laundry and cooking equipment, ventilator hoods, filters, and ducts on a regular basis. Check for and report any cracked or split cords or plugs on the equipment used. 14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 8
- 9. EXTENSION CORDS • Avoidusing extension cords whenever possible • Do not exceed specified amperage • Do not run extension cords across doorways or anywhere they can be stepped on • DO not plug one extension cord into another and never plug more than one extension cord into an outlet14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 9
- 10. GENERAL FIRE SAFETY Keepcombustibles away from heat producing devices. Prevent sparks in areas where oxygen is used. Cap and store combustible liquids properly. 14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 10
- 11. GENERAL FIRE SAFETY Keepmaintenance and storage areas clean and free of trash, sawdust, oily rags, etc. Keep halls and stairways clear. Be sure that EXIT signs are always lighted and that emergency lighting is in working order. 14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 11
- 12. GENERAL FIRE SAFETY Neverprop open emergency doors. Fire doors not only let people out, they keep fire from spreading. 14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 12 • Read the instruction of use if You are new to fire system. • Get regular Training
- 13. In the eventof a fire, stay calm and RACE… • R-rescue any patient in immediate danger • A-pull the alarm and notify other employees of the location and type of fire • C-contain the fire by closing doors and windows • E-extinguish the fire or evacuate the area14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 13
- 14. TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS •Pressurized water extinguishers (Class A fires only) • Dry Chemical extinguishers (ABC or BC) • Carbon dioxide extinguishers (Class B and C) • Foam (or AFFF and FFFP) extinguishers • Class D extinguishers 14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 14
- 15. Using a portablefire extinguisher: PASS • Keep your back to the exit and stand 10-20 feet away from the fire • P-Pull the pin • A-Aim low • S-Squeeze • S-Sweep from side to side 14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 15
- 16. Exit DoorsExit Doors Must be able to open from theMust be able to open from the inside at all times without keys,inside at all times without keys, toolstools Device such as a panic bar thatDevice such as a panic bar that locks only from the outside islocks only from the outside is permittedpermitted Must be free of any device orMust be free of any device or alarm that could restrictalarm that could restrict emergency use if the device oremergency use if the device or alarm failsalarm fails 14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 16
- 17. Exit MarkingExit Marking Each exit must be clearlyEach exit must be clearly visible and marked withvisible and marked with an “Exit” signan “Exit” sign Each exit route door mustEach exit route door must be free of decorations orbe free of decorations or signs that obscure thesigns that obscure the visibility of the doorvisibility of the door 14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 17
- 18. Fire Evacuation Plan 14/01/2008Capt Rajeshwar Singh 18
- 19. Fire Extinguisher Inspection •Inspect monthly to ensure • Proper location and it is accessible • Discharge nozzle or horn is not obstructed, cracked or dirty • Operating instructions on the nameplate are legible • Lock pins and tamper seals are in place • Full and ready for use • Has an inspection tag 14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 19
- 20. In Case ofFire or Smoke • Call 100,101 first • Activate the fire alarm • Alert others • Evacuate the building • Meet at Assembly point site • Practice Onsite Emergency Plan. 14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 20
- 21. Remember theRemember the PASSword:PASS word: ** Keep your back toKeep your back to a clear escape routea clear escape route,, ** Stand back 6 to 8Stand back 6 to 8 feet from the fire,feet from the fire, ** PASSPASS P.A.S.S. PULL AIM SQUEEZE SWEEP Using a Fire Extinguisher 14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 21
- 22. After the Fireis Out • Once the fire is extinguished, exit the building • Recharge or replace any used extinguishers • Maintain your fire Extinguisher As Per IS 2190 14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 22
- 23. Be Ready forknown • Get Trained and be fire safety ready. • Get your office/society/organization employees be trained to handle emergencies. • Capt. Rajeshwar Singh • Solar@suryaprakash.in • Youtube.com/captrsingh 14/01/2008 Capt Rajeshwar Singh 23
Editor's Notes
- #3 If any of the three things are eliminated the fire will go out. For example, if there is a small fire in a pan on the stove and a lid is placed on it the fire will go out with the elimination of oxygen.
- #15 Pressurized water extinguishers must never be used on electrical or flammable-liquid fires. Dry chemical extinguishers blanket burning materials with powdered chemicals. In some models, the chemicals are stored under pressure; in others, chemicals are expelled by pressure supplied by a separate gas-filled cartridge. The dry chemical extinguishers can be corrosive if not cleaned immediately. ABC Dry Chemical extinguishers contain ammonium phosphate and can be used on Class A, B, and C fires, but should never be used on a fire in a commercial grease fryer because of the possibility the fire may re-ignite (re-flash) & because it will render the unit’s automatic fire-protection system ineffective. BC Dry Chemical extinguishers, suitable for fighting Class B and C fires, contain either sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate and are preferred over other dry-chemical extinguishers for fighting grease fires. Carbon dioxide extinguishers contain pressurized liquid carbon dioxide, which turns to gas when expelled. Rated for use on Class B and C, but can also be used on Class S fires. CO2 is not corrosive. Foam ext. blanket surface of burning flammable liquid that excludes air & puts out fire. They cannot be used on electrical fires because they contain mostly water. Extinguishers for Class D fires must match the type of metal that is burning. They don’t use numerical ratings. These ext. are labeled with a list detailing the metals that match the dry powder for the extinguisher.
- #16 Pull the pin: This unlocks the operating lever and allows you to discharge the extinguisher. Some extinguishers may have other lever-release mechanisms. Aim low: Point the extinguisher hose (or nozzle) at the base of the fire. Squeeze from side to side: Moving carefully toward the fire, keep the extinguisher aimed at the base of the fire and sweep back and forth until the flames appear to be out. Watch the fire area. If the fire re-ignites, repeat the process. Always be sure the fire department inspects the fire site.
- #19 Every work shop should have an appointed Fire Marshal. Responsible for monthly F/E inspections, Emerg Lighting & Evacuation Plans. Many org still have buildings with no FIRE EVACUATION PLANS posted on walls.
- #20 Recommend Pull them off the walls. Ensure hose is not loose at junction Shake the body to make powder loose. Check horn Check pressure meter.
- #22 Reminder: No one is required to fight ANY fires. Fire Dept request we don’t attempt to put out fire unless NECESSARY to get out of building. The fire is between you and the fire exit.