Fire requires three elements - fuel, heat, and an oxidizer like oxygen. Removing one of these elements can extinguish a fire. There are different types of fires classified by the materials involved (Class A-D). Various fire extinguishers work to put out fires by methods like cooling, blanketing, or smothering. The PASS method should be followed when using an extinguisher - Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, Sweep from side to side. Prevention through eliminating hazards and ensuring safe equipment/practices is most effective.

1. 1
BASIC FIRE SAFETY

2. 2
-Fire is a chemical reaction of 3 elements.
What is FIRE?
Need all three
components to start a
fire.
Fire extinguishers
remove one or more
of the components.

3. 3
The “Fire Triangle” identifies the three
components of any Fire:
–Fuel paper, wood, flammable gas, energized
electrical equipment, etc...
–Energy (heat), sufficient to support combustion.
Often referred to as the ignition source.
–Oxidizer (air)
IF ANY ONE OF THESE IS MISSING, A FIRE
CANNOT CONTINUE.
What is FIRE? (Contd….)

4. 4
The Combustion Process
TEMPERATURE
THE FIRE TETRAHEDRON
(NEW CONCEPT)
FUEL

5. 5
Types of
Fire Class Fire Type Materials involved
A General
Wood, paper, cloth, trash
etc…
B
Flammable
Liquids
Flammable solvents, liquids,
Oils, Greases, Paints etc…
C
1. Electrical
2. Flammable
Gases
Energized electrical
equipment and All
flammable gases
D Metals
Water reactive Chemicals,
Combustible metals etc…
D

6. 6
Fire Extinguisher Anatomy
DISCHARGE HOSE
DISCHARGE NOZZLE
DISCHARGE ORIFICE
BODY
DATA PLATE
CARRYING
HANDLE
PRESSURE GAUGE
(not found on CO2
extinguishers)
DISCHARGE LEVER
DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN
AND SEAL

7. 7
Different Kinds of Fire Extinguishers
The 4 most common fire
extinguishers:
 Water Type
 Mechanical Foam
 Dry Chemical Powder
 Carbon Dioxide
Each kind of extinguisher
has a specific use

8. 8
Fire Class
Suitability of Extinguishers
Water M/F ABC DCP CO2 Sand
Class A     -  -
Class B      -
Class C      -
Class D    (Spl.
Grade)

Applications of Fire Extinguishers
Note: X- means can be used on Small surface fires.

-

9. 9
How to use a Fire Extinguisher
Remember this easy acronym when using an
extinguisher - P.A.S.S.
Pull the pin.
Aim the nozzle.
Squeeze the handle.
Sweep side to side at the base of the fire.

10. 10
Fire Extinguisher Summary
EXTINGUISHER WORKS AS EFFECTIVE AGAINST
PRESSURIZED
WATER
COOLING
MECHANICAL
FOAM
BLANKETING
DRY CHEMICAL
POWDER
SMOTHERING
CARBON
DIOXIDE
SMOTHERING
DRY SAND BLANKETING D

11. 11
Fire Emergency Response
Rescue – rescue clients in immediate danger.
Alert – Shout Fire! Fire! (or) Pull fire alarm (or)
Dial emergency phone number.
Contain – Close all doors and windows.
Extinguish/ Evacuate – Extinguish small fires,
evacuate clients, if appropriate.
R
A
C
E
Remember to RACE during a fire

12. 12
Know department emergency procedures and evacuation
routes.
Know locations of extinguishers in your area and how to
use them.
Always sound the alarm regardless of fire size.
Avoid smoky conditions.
Ensure area is evacuated.
Don’t attempt to fight unless:
 Alarm is sounded.
 Fire is small.
 You have safe egress route (can be reached without
exposure to fire).
 Available extinguishers are rated for size and type of
fire.
Evacuate! If in doubt.
Firefighting Decision Criteria

13. 13
FIRE PREVENTION
Prevention is always better than Control. To pre
prevent the Fire accidents we have to eliminate
the common Fire Hazards of the work are
Heat generating appliances.
Static Electricity and Short circuits.
Non-Flame proof equipments.
Storage and handling of flammables/combustibles.
Open flames and Hot surfaces.

14. 14
Fire can be prevented by
considering the following
issues
Flame proof equipment
Good housekeeping
Proper Ventilation
Anti Static measures
Personnel awareness
Work procedures
Safe work practices
Right tools
FIRE PREVENTION (contd…)

15. 15
Remember the Following
1. Portable fire extinguishers are suitable for small
fires. i.e. The fires are in the incipient stage.
2. Portable fire extinguishers can be handled by any
work place personnel, who had aware in its
handling.
3. If the Fire is large leave it to ERT members
(Firefighting), they can control the fire by using
Fire hydrant / Other appropriate measures.
4. All new entrants should be instructed in Fire safety
awareness and emergency evacuation plans.