This presentation discusses fire prevention and safety management. It covers topics such as the elements of fire, different types of fires, fire causes, fire suppression systems, the fire triangle, types of fire extinguishers, and fire hazard management systems. The goal is to provide an overview of these important concepts for fire safety.

1. FIRE PREVENTION AND
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
PRESENTER:
AMOGH P. DANDEKAR
REG.NO: NH0117005
M.PHARM FIRST YEAR(II SEM)
DEPT: PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE
11/19/2018
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2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 What is fire?
 Types of Fire
 Causes of fire
 Fire suppression system
 Fire triangle
 Fire extinguisher and Types of Fire
extinguisher
 Fire hazard management system
 References
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3. INTRODUCTION
 Fire Prevention —Covering aspects of fire prevention
pertaining to design and construction of buildings on
passive fire protection measures, also describing the
various types of building materials and their fire rating
 Life Safety —Covering life safety provisions in the event
of fire and similar emergencies, also addressing
construction and occupancy features that are necessary to
minimize danger to life from fire, smoke, fumes or panic.
 Fire Protection —covering the significant appurtenances
and their related components and guidelines for selecting
the correct type of equipment and installation meant for
fire protection of the building , depending upon the
classification and type of the building.
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4. WHAT IS FIRE?
 Fire is basically a chemical reaction combining
three elements: Fuel, Heat and Oxygen.
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5. TYPES OF FIRE
 Class A – Normal Combustibles
 Class B – Flammable Liquids
 Class C – Electrical Circuits, switchboards, office
equipment
 Class D – Combustible Metals such as sodium, potassium
and magnesium
 Class E –Class F / k – Cooking fats and oils
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7. CAUSES OF FIRE
 Common Causes
 Spark from oven
 Naked lamp
 Electric short circuit
 Burning charcoal
 Smoldering fuel
 Chimney or exhaust pipe
 Misfiring of engine
 Over-heating of electric appliances
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8. CAUSES OF FIRE IN INDUSTRIES
 Dust explosions
 Gas and vapour explosions
 Mechanical friction and over-heated bearings
 Electrical defects
 Chemical reaction
 Conduction of heat
 Radiation
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9. COMMON REASONS FOR ELECTRICAL FIRE
Overloaded Plug point Short circuit Unorganized cabling
Pest Intervention
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10. FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
Fire Extinguishers Fire Blanket Fire Hose reel
Sprinkler System Fire Hydrant (Dry Riser)
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11. EVACUATION BAG
 IT CONTAINS:
• HELMET
• LOUDHAILER
• BARRIER TAPE
• CROWBAR
• GLOVES
• TORCH
• DUST MASK
• RADIO
• WHISTLE
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12. FIRE TRIANGLE
Essentially, fire extinguishers put out fire by taking away
one or more elements of the fire triangle.
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13. FIRE TRIANGLE
 There are four elements that must be present
for a fire to exist.
 There must be oxygen to sustain
combustion, heat to raise the material to its
ignition temperature, fuel to support the
combustion and a chemical reaction between
the other three elements.
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15. FIRE EXTINGUISHER
 A fire extinguisher can emit a solid, liquid, or a
gas, depending on the class of the fire.
 Fire extinguishers are designed specially for these
different classes of fires. Often times because of
chemical reactions within the fire more then one
type of extinguisher is effective.
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16. TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
 Water and Foam Extinguishers
 Dry Powder Extinguishers
 CO2 extinguishers
 Wet Chemical Extinguishers
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18. WATER AND FOAM EXTINGUISHERS
 Water and Foam fire extinguishers extinguish
the fire by taking away the heat element of the
fire triangle. Foam agents also separate
the oxygen element from the other elements.
 Water extinguishers are for Class A fires only -
they should not be used on Class B or C fires.
The discharge stream could spread the flammable
liquid in a Class B fire or could create a shock
hazard on a Class C fire.
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19. DRY POWDER EXTINGUISHERS
 Dry Powder extinguishers are similar to dry
chemical except that they extinguish the fire by
separating the fuel from the oxygen element or
by removing the heat element of the fire triangle.
 However, dry powder extinguishers are for Class
D or combustible metal fires, only. They are
ineffective on all other classes of fires.
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20. CO2 EXTINGUISHERS
 Carbon Dioxide fire extinguishers extinguish
fire by taking away the oxygen element of
the fire triangle and also be removing
the heat with a very cold discharge.
 Carbon dioxide can be used on Class B & C
fires. They are usually ineffective on Class A
fires.
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21. WET CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHERS
 Wet Chemical is a new agent that extinguishes
the fire by removing the heat of the fire triangle
and prevents re-ignition by creating a barrier
between the oxygen and fuel elements.
 Wet chemical of Class K extinguishers were
developed for modern, high efficiency deep fat
fryers in commercial cooking operations. Some
may also be used on Class A fires in commercial
kitchens.
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23. FIRE HAZARD MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
 A building or portion of the building may be
occupied during construction, repairs, alterations
or additions only if all means of exit and fire
protection measures are in place and continuously
maintained for the occupied part of the building.
 Adequate passageway and clearances required for
fire fighting vehicles to enter the premises shall
be provided at the main entrance; the width of
such entrance shall be not less than 4.5 m.
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24. AIR-CONDITIONING AND VENTILATING SYSTEMS
 Air-conditioning and ventilating systems shall
be so installed and maintained as to
minimize the danger of spread of fire, smoke
or fumes from one floor to other or from
outside to any occupied building or structure.
 Air-conditioning and ventilating systems
circulating air to more than one floor or fire
area shall be provided with dampers
designed to close automatically in case of
fire and thereby preventing spread of fire or
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25. LIFE SAFETY
 Every exit, exit access or exit discharge shall
be continuously maintained free of all
obstructions or impediments to full use in the
case of fire or other emergency.
 Exits shall be clearly visible and the route to
reach the exits shall be clearly marked and
signs posted to guide the occupants of the
floor concerned.
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26. FIRE LIFTS
 Fire lifts shall be provided with a minimum
capacity for 8 passengers and fully
automated with emergency switch on ground
level.
 Each fire lift shall be equipped with suitable
intercommunication equipment for
communicating with the control room on the
ground floor of the building.
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27. EMERGENCY AND ESCAPE LIGHTING
 Emergency lighting shall be powered from a
source independent of that supplying the normal
lighting.
 Escape lighting shall be capable of:
 Indicating clearly and unambiguously the
escape routes
 Providing adequate illumination along such
routes to allow safe movement of persons
towards and through the exits
 Ensuring that fire alarm call points and fire
fighting equipment provided along the escape
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28. EMERGENCY AND ESCAPE LIGHTING
 The emergency lighting shall be provided to be
put on within 1 s of the failure of the normal
lighting supply.
 It is essential that the wiring and installation of
the emergency lighting systems are of high
quality so as to ensure their perfect
serviceability at all times.
 The emergency lighting system shall be capable
of continuous operation for a minimum duration
of 1 h and 30 m even for the smallest premises.
 Emergency lighting luminaires and their fittings
shall be of nonflammable type.
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29. EMERGENCY AND ESCAPE LIGHTING
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30. REFERENCES
 Fire Safety Management and Emergency Plan | County Durham and
Darlington Fire and Rescue Service . Ddfire.gov.uk. Available from:
https://www.ddfire.gov.uk/fire-safety-management-and-emergency-plan
 Andrew Furness & Martin Muckett - Introduction to Fire Safety
Management.pdf [Internet]. Docdroid.net. 2018 Available from:
https://www.docdroid.net/q79q/andrew-furness-martin-muckett-
introduction-to-fire-safety-management.pdf
 Fire extinguishers - Marsden Fire Safety . Marsden-fire-safety.co.uk.
2018 Available from: https://www.marsden-fire-
safety.co.uk/resources/fire-extinguishers
 The 9 Types of Fire Extinguishers and How To Use Them - Fireline
[Internet]. Fireline. Available from: https://www.fireline.com/blog/the-9-
types-of-fire-extinguishers-and-how-to-use-them/
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