class

1. Finding the Evidence
Determining what is a good research article

2. Where do you look for articles?
• Google?
• Remember to use
searching techniques

3. Where do you look for articles?
• Look for where and how the information was created as well as where the
information was shared to evaluate the usefulness of the information
(Information has value)
• Specific websites like
• WebMD
• Medlineplus
• MayoClinic
• Plus – these are consumer health websites
• Con – Not the original research!
• Let’s look at an example – article

4. Selecting keywords for searching
•Go to this website:
•https://padlet.com/ckoman/mazur
•Enter the keywords you feel would help you
find the original article

5. Finding the original research
• What can we learn from this article?
• Who is the author?
• What is the source of the article?
• Is this original research?
• Is there a citation indicating where the information came from?
• You locate this through the library databases!

6. Suggested keywords
• Research is iterative and depends upon asking
increasingly complex or new questions whose answers in
turn develop additional questions or lines of inquiry in any
field. (Research as Inquiry)
• Asthma
• Obstructive Sleep Apnea
• OSA
• JAMA – January 13 issue
• MihaelaTeodorescu
• Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study
• adult employees of state agencies, 30 to 60 years of age
• Participants with preexisting asthma had a nearly 40
percent increased risk for new OSA compared with
those without asthma
• Study

7. Where to find research articles?
• PubMed
• MedLine with Full-text
• CINAHL with Full-text

8. Types of Research Articles
• Review
• Clinical Guideline
• Case Report
• Cohort Study
• Randomized ControlledTrials - RCT
• Systematic Review
• Meta-analysis

9. What does it all mean?
• Review
• A review of the literature
• Can be from a certain date
• Can be for a certain time period
• Excellent for a review of a topic
• Different then a Systematic Review
• Place to find: PubMed, Medline with Full-text
• ClinicalGuideline
• The gold standard in treatment for a particular disease
• Used to be: National GuidelineClearinghouse
• Try this source: Evidence-based Practice Center Reports from AHRQ
• Case Report
• Report on a patient
• Case Series / Case Control Study
• Reports on a series of patients with the desired outcome
• Patients with the desired outcome and those without – comparing them
• Place to find: PubMed, Medline with Full-text

10. What does it all mean?
• Cohort Study
• Two groups (cohorts) of patients one which did not
receive the exposure of interest and one which did
• Both groups are followed for desired outcome
• The main feature of cohort study is observation of large numbers over a
long period (commonly years) with comparison of incidence rates in
groups that differ in exposure levels.
• Place to find: PubMed, Medline with Full-text
• Randomized ControlledTrial
• Patients are randomized into a control group or in an
experimental group; both groups are followed for
outcomes
• Place to fine: PubMed, Medline with Full-text

11. What does it all mean?
• Systematic Review
• The application of strategies that limit bias in the assembly,
critical appraisal, and synthesis of all relevant studies on a specific topic.
Systematic reviews focus on peer-reviewed publications about a specific
health problem and use rigorous, standardized methods for selecting
and assessing articles.
A systematic review may or may not include a meta-analysis,
which is a quantitative summary of the results
• Place to find: PubMed, Medline with Full-text
• Meta-Analysis
• A systematic review using qualitative methods to
summarize the results
• Place to find: PubMed, Medline with Full-text

12. Locating specific articles in the library
databases
• Objective: Searching for information is often non-linear and iterative, requiring the
evaluation of a range of information sources and the mental flexibility to pursue
alternate avenues as new understanding develops
• PubMed and Medline with Full-text
• Advanced search
• Look for the author
• Look for the publication type – type of research article
• Look for the journal name
• Look for the main subject of the article (MeSH term)
• Basic search
• Use limits

13. PubMed – Basic Search

14. PubMed – Basic Search - Limits

15. PubMed Advanced Search

16. Medline With Full-Text

17. Medline With Full-Text

18. Exercise
• Pair up into groups of 2
• I am going to hand out articles
• Each person in the group will look for the original research
• One person will use PubMed
• One person will use MedLine with Full-Text
• Then switch databases
• the person who searched PubMed will now search MedLine with Full-Text and the person who searched
MedLine with Full-text will now search PubMed
• Re-group as a whole and discuss findings

19. Article 1
• N95 Respirators vs Surgical Masks for Protection AgainstViral Respiratory Illnesses
Observations to report to class:
Demonstrate search strategy used to retrieve original research article (write in space below):
PubMed: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Medline with full-text: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Title of original research article and PMID #: _____________________________________________________________
Which article do you feel is more useful for your needs? ___________________________________________________
What database did you prefer using? Why? _____________________________________________________________
Name one challenges that you had while finding the original search____________________________________________

20. Article 2
• Assessing Lung Function Using Peripheral O2 Saturation in Suspected Sepsis
Observations to report to class:
Demonstrate search strategy used to retrieve original research article (write in space below):
PubMed: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Medline with full-text: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Title of original research article and PMID #: _____________________________________________________________
Which article do you feel is more useful for your needs? ___________________________________________________
What database did you prefer using? Why? _____________________________________________________________
Name one challenges that you had while finding the original search____________________________________________

21. Article 3
• 3D 'bioprinting' used to create nose cartilage
Observations to report to class:
Demonstrate search strategy used to retrieve original research article (write in space below):
PubMed: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Medline with full-text: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Title of original research article and PMID #: _____________________________________________________________
Which article do you feel is more useful for your needs? ___________________________________________________
What database did you prefer using? Why? _____________________________________________________________
Name one challenges that you had while finding the original search____________________________________________

22. Article 4
• Common respiratory virus manipulates immune genes to protect itself
Observations to report to class:
Demonstrate search strategy used to retrieve original research article (write in space below):
PubMed: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Medline with full-text: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Title of original research article and PMID #: _____________________________________________________________
Which article do you feel is more useful for your needs? ___________________________________________________
What database did you prefer using? Why? _____________________________________________________________
Name one challenges that you had while finding the original search____________________________________________

23. Article 5
• Study funded by NIH supports optimal threshold for diagnosing COPD
Observations to report to class:
Demonstrate search strategy used to retrieve original research article (write in space below):
PubMed: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Medline with full-text: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Title of original research article and PMID #: _____________________________________________________________
Which article do you feel is more useful for your needs? ___________________________________________________
What database did you prefer using? Why? _____________________________________________________________
Name one challenges that you had while finding the original search____________________________________________

24. Article 6
• New study offers insights on genetic indicators of COPD risk
Observations to report to class:
Demonstrate search strategy used to retrieve original research article (write in space below):
PubMed: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Medline with full-text: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Title of original research article and PMID #: _____________________________________________________________
Which article do you feel is more useful for your needs? ___________________________________________________
What database did you prefer using? Why? _____________________________________________________________
Name one challenges that you had while finding the original search____________________________________________

25. Article 7
• Plants will not boost your home’s air quality: study
Observations to report to class:
Demonstrate search strategy used to retrieve original research article (write in space below):
PubMed: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Medline with full-text: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Title of original research article and PMID #: _____________________________________________________________
Which article do you feel is more useful for your needs? ___________________________________________________
What database did you prefer using? Why? _____________________________________________________________
Name one challenges that you had while finding the original search____________________________________________

26. Article 8
• Your Houseplants May HelpYou Breathe Easier
Observations to report to class:
Demonstrate search strategy used to retrieve original research article (write in space below):
PubMed: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Medline with full-text: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Title of original research article and PMID #: _____________________________________________________________
Which article do you feel is more useful for your needs? ___________________________________________________
What database did you prefer using? Why? _____________________________________________________________
Name one challenges that you had while finding the original search____________________________________________

27. Article 9
• Smoggy Streets May Make DailyWalk a Heath Hazard
Observations to report to class:
Demonstrate search strategy used to retrieve original research article (write in space below):
PubMed: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Medline with full-text: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Title of original research article and PMID #: _____________________________________________________________
Which article do you feel is more useful for your needs? ___________________________________________________
What database did you prefer using? Why? _____________________________________________________________
Name one challenges that you had while finding the original search____________________________________________

28. Article 10
• Vaping no better then cigarettes for your lungs, study says
Observations to report to class:
Demonstrate search strategy used to retrieve original research article (write in space below):
PubMed: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Medline with full-text: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Title of original research article and PMID #: _____________________________________________________________
Which article do you feel is more useful for your needs? ___________________________________________________
What database did you prefer using? Why? _____________________________________________________________
Name one challenges that you had while finding the original search____________________________________________

29. Article 11
• Feather bedding caused man's serious lung illness
Observations to report to class:
Demonstrate search strategy used to retrieve original research article (write in space below):
PubMed: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Medline with full-text: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Title of original research article and PMID #: _____________________________________________________________
Which article do you feel is more useful for your needs? ___________________________________________________
What database did you prefer using? Why? _____________________________________________________________
Name one challenges that you had while finding the original search____________________________________________

30. Article 12
• Study illuminated origins of lung cancer in never smokers
Observations to report to class:
Demonstrate search strategy used to retrieve original research article (write in space below):
PubMed: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Medline with full-text: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Title of original research article and PMID #: _____________________________________________________________
Which article do you feel is more useful for your needs? ___________________________________________________
What database did you prefer using? Why? _____________________________________________________________
Name one challenges that you had while finding the original search____________________________________________

31. Article 12
• N95 Respirators Can Be Reprocessed UsingVaporized Hydrogen Peroxide
Observations to report to class:
Demonstrate search strategy used to retrieve original research article (write in space below):
PubMed: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Medline with full-text: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Title of original research article and PMID #: _____________________________________________________________
Which article do you feel is more useful for your needs? ___________________________________________________
What database did you prefer using? Why? _____________________________________________________________
Name one challenges that you had while finding the original search____________________________________________