Prepared as a final project for MOOC on "Financing for Development" by WBGx

1. Unlocking Investment Opportunities
Financing for
Development:
Final Project :
Sustainable Human Settlement in India

2. India : Factsheet
▪ 2nd most populated country in the world.
▪ About 20% population live in urban area, it is increasing with economic growth
and development.
▪ Current infrastructure of cities is incapable of withstanding the inflow of rural
area.
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▪ That results in increasing slum : dense, unsustainable
households without any/proper basic needs.
▪ According to census 2011, 15% urban population live in slums.
▪ i.e. nearly 1 in every 6 urban residents live in slum.

3. Need of an Hour : Housing for all
▪ To elevate the population from bottom of the pyramid, empowerment is necessary in all possible way;
being education, health, growth opportunities, affordable and sustainable housing.
▪ 11th SDG states: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.
▪ To achieve this 1st focus should be on Making cities safe and sustainable that means ensuring access
to safe and affordable housing for all, and upgrading slum settlements.
▪ In India government is working rigorously on slum settlements, making smart and sustainable cities.
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4. Ground Issues
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•Depends on government grants, which are reducing
•Urban bodies need to be provided with funds,
functions and facilitators
Cities are not
self reliant
•Internal accruals are insufficient
•ULBs must be strengthened in financial
management
Less financial
viability
•Lack of stakeholder consultation
•Weak asset management
•Absence of centralized data availability
Planning
•Unable to meet rising demand for services and
unable to generate increased recourses
Inadequate
infrastructure
ULB: Urban local bodies

5. April 7, 2017 5
Potential sources of funds
Public –
Private
Partnership
Municipal
Bonds
Banks /
NBFC
Multilateral
Financing
Institutions
Grants from
state and
central
government
Infrastructure
debt funds
▪ Currently, all the investments for the purpose is done by
government in the name of various projects like
“Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission” and
“Pradhanmantri Awas Yojana”.
▪ But to address the huge population of India, these
government schemes and funds are insufficient
▪ To raise enough funds and accelerate the implementation
giant business houses, private sector, society also has to
contribute.
▪ Cheap funds from world bank and Asian development
bank is also an open option.

6. Takeaway
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▪ From the current progress, the availability of finance and willingness of government and local bodies
is clearly visible.
▪ But to achieve the targets set under sustainable development goal 11, the process is needed to be
accelerated and implementation is needed to be broadened and deepened.
▪ The best combination of all available financing instrument is needed to be identified.
▪ Private firms are advised to come forward to play their role.
▪ Yes, My nation is being built and all the nationals are invited to take part.

7. THANK YOU
Prepared by:
Pathik Kapadia