Rajkumar Porel. M.sc Geography

1. QUESTION :- Discuss Any One Achievement And Failure Of Major
Rural Development With Case Study From India.
INTRODUCTION:-
In India, out of total population of 121 crores, 83.3 crores live in rural areas (Census of India,
2011). Thus, nearly 70 per cent of the India‟s population lives in rural areas. These rural
populations can be characterised by mass poverty, low levels of literacy and income, high level
of unemployment, and poornutrition and health status. In order to tackle these specific
problems, a number of rural development programmes are being implemented to create
opportunities for improvement of the quality of life of these rural people.
The term „rural development‟ is the overall development of rural areas to improve the quality
of life of rural people. And it is a process leading to sustainable improvement in the quality of
life of rural people especially the poor(Ramesh, 2012). The rural developmental programmes
intend to reduce the poverty and unemployment, to improve the health and educational status
and to fulfill the basic needs such as food, shelter and clothing of the rural population. To
improve the conditions of rural people, Government of India launched some schemes through
the planning commission of India such as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), Rastriya Sama Vikas Yojana (RSVY), Indira Awas Yojana
(IAY), Sampoorna Grameen RozgarYojana (SGRY), Integrated Tribal Development Project
(ITDP), Pradhan MantriGram SadakYojana (PMGSY), Integrated Child Development
Services (ICDS), Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA), etc. All
these schemes are aimed to reduce the gap between rural and urban people which would help
reduce imbalances and speed up the development process.
PradhanMantri Awaas Yojana (Gramin)
Introduction:-
Housing is one of the basic requirements for human survival. For a normal citizen owning a
house provides significant economic and social security and status in society. For a shelter less
person, a house brings about a profound social change in his existence, endowing him with an
identity, thus integrating him with his immediate social milieu.
In pursuance to the goal - Housing for all by 2022, the rural housing scheme Indira Awas
Yojana has been revamped to Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana – Gramin and approved during
March 2016. Under the scheme, financial assistance is provided for construction of pucca house
to all houseless and households living in dilapidated houses. The scheme would be implemented
in rural areas throughout India except Delhi and Chandigarh. The costof houses would be
shared between Centre and States.

2. Objective:-
To provide puccahouse to all who are houseless and living in dilapidated houses in rural areas
by 2022.
Funding Pattern:-
Under PMAY, the costof unit assistance is to be shared between Central and State
Governments in the ratio 60:40 in plain areas and 90:10 for North Eastern and hilly states.
The unit assistance given to beneficiaries under the programme is Rs 1,20,000 in plain areas
and to Rs 1,30,000 in hilly states/difficult areas /Integrated Action Plan (IAP) for Selected
Tribal and Backward Districts. Presently the NE States, States of HP, J&K and Uttarakhand and
all 82 LWE districts are identified as difficult and hilly areas. The unit size is 25 sq.m including
a dedicated area for hygienic cooking.
The beneficiary is entitled to 90 days of unskilled labour from MGNREGA.
The beneficiary would be facilitated to avail loan of up to Rs.70,000/- for construction of the
house which is optional.
Funds will be transferred electronically directly to the accountof the beneficiary.
Target Group:-
Identification of beneficiaries eligible for assistance and their prioritisation to be done using
information from Socio Economic and Caste Census (SECC) ensuring total transparency and
objectivity. The list will be presented to Gram Sabha to identify beneficiaries who have been
assisted before or who have become ineligible due to other reasons. The finalised list will be
published. Annual list of beneficiaries will be identified from the total list through participatory
process bythe Gram Sabha. Gram Sabha will need to justify in writing with reasons for any
alteration of priority in the original list.
Phases:-
3 Phases of PMAY envisage starting and completing the house construction work as follows:
 PMAY Phase-1 from April 2015 to March 2017 to cover 100 cities.
 PMAY Phase-2 from April 2017 to March 2019 to cover additional 200 cities.
 PMAY Phase-3 from April 2019 to March 2022 to cover the remaining cities.
States and cities covered:-
As of 25 April 2016, the government has identified 2,508 cities and towns in 26 states for
beginning construction of houses for urban poor.[17]Construction of 1,86,777 additional

3. houses for the benefit of urban poorwith an investment of ₹11,169 cr with central assistance of
₹2,797 cr was approved in February 2018, taking the cumulative total houses approved to
39,25,240 houses including subsumed RAY scheme, of the targeted 1 crore houses by March
2022.[18]
Chhattisgarh – 1,000 cities/towns
Jammu and Kashmir – 19 cities/towns
Jharkhand – 15 cities/towns
Madhya Pradesh – 74 cities/towns
Rajasthan
Haryana, 53,290 houses in 38 cities and towns with an investment of ₹4,322 crore (c. Feb
2018)
Tamil Nadu, 40,623 houses in 65 cities and towns with an investment of ₹2,314 crore (c.
Feb2018)
Karnataka, 32,656 houses in 95 cities with an investment of ₹1,461 crore (c. Feb 2018)
Gujarat, 15,584 houses in 45 cities and towns with an investment of ₹946 crore (c. Feb
2018)
Maharashtra, 12,123 houses in 13 cities and towns with an investment of ₹868 crore (c.
Feb2018)
Kerala, 9,461 houses in 52 cities with an investment of ₹284 crore (c. Feb 2018)
Uttarakhand, 6,226 houses in 57 cities and towns with an investment of ₹258 crore (c.
Feb 2018)
Orissa, 5,133 houses in 26 cities and towns with an investment of ₹156 crore (c. Feb
2018)
Achievements In The Year 2018-19:-
DashboardOn Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Grameen (PMAY-G)
NITI Aayog Has Developed Monthly & Quarterly Dashboard On Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
- Grameen (PMAY-G) And Quarterly Dashboard On Deendayal Antyodya Yojana – National
Rural Livelihood Mission (DAY-NRLM),To Monitor And FastTrack The Progress Of Housing
SectorAnd Rural Livelihood Mission. The Monthly DashboardonPMAY-G Is Under Direct
Supervision Of Prime Minister’s O�ce.
Working Groups On Sustainable Development In The Mountains Of Indian Himalayan
Region
NITI Aayog Constituted Five Thematic Working Groups On Sustainable Development In The
Mountains Of Indian himalayan Region In 2017. The Working Groups Were Namely: (I)
Inventory And Revival Of Springs Inhimalayas For Water Security, (II) Sustainable Tourism In
Indian Himalayan Region, (III) Shifting Cultivation:Towards Transformation Approach, (IV)
Strengthening Skill & Entrepreneurship (E&S) Landscape In Himalayasand (V)
Data/Information For Informed Decision Making. The Reports Of The Working Groups Along
With Thesummary Report On Sustainable Development In The Mountains Of Indian
Himalayan Region Were Released Inaugust 2018 By Dr. Rajiv Kumar, Vice Chairman, Dr. V.

4. K. Saraswat, Member And Shri Amitabh Kant, CEO, Nitiaayog. The Reports Are Uploaded On
The NITI’s Website.
On The Basis Of The Recommendations Of Five Thematic Working Group Reports, NITI
Aayog Has Constituted‘Himalayan State Regional Council’ For Sustainable Development In
Indian Himalayan Region On 9th November2018 To Review The Implementation Of The
Identified Action Points Based On The Reports. Dr. V. K. Saraswat,Member, NITI Aayog Will
Chair The Council. The Chief Secretaries Of The 12 Himalayan States, Secretaries Ofm/O
Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, M/O Environment, Forest And Climate Change, M/O Skill
Development Andentrepreneurship, M/O Water Resources, River Development & Ganga
Rejuvenation, M/O Tourism, D/O Ruraldevelopment, Land Resources And Science And
Technology, VC And MD Of Telangana Forest Development corporation, Government Of
Telangana, Director General, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal And Advisers Of Niti aayog Will Be
Part Of The Council.
The Council Will Be The Nodal Agency ForSustainable Development In The Himalayan
Region And Will Monitor the Implementation Of Action Points For Central Ministries,
Institutions And The L2 Himalayan State governments In IHR. It Will Also Monitor finance
Related Matters And Will Have The Power To Co-OptOther members As Deemed fit To Best
Suit The Overall Objective Of The Sustainable Development Of IHR.
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana suffers major setback as
nine states hold back funding:-
NEW DELHI: The Narendra Modi government’s flagship rural housing programme is suffering
a serious financial setbackas cash-strapped state governments have refused to release their
share of funds.
At least nine states have not released their requisite share to the tune of Rs. 2,915.21 cr for the
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Gramin), which aims to replace all ‘kutcha’ or makeshift houses
with permanent ones in rural India. The target is to build 24.7 m houses by March 2022.
As of June 30, about Rs. 2,492.61 crore or 85% of the states’ share has been held back by the
Opposition-ruled states of Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. Rajasthan has not released
Rs. 1,498.41 crore, Chhattisgarh Rs. 762.81 crore and Jharkhand Rs. 231.39 crore for 2019-20.
Construction work under the programme has suffered with lockdowns drying up all sources of
revenue and states holding back their share. Against a target of 6.15 million houses, only
755,000 have been sanctioned this financial year and just 559 completed.

5. Besides the opposition-ruled states, MP, Gujarat, Haryana, Tripura, UP and Manipur have also
not contributed their share of funds. “We have written to state governments to release their
share,” a senior rural development ministry official told ET. “We have pointed out to states like
Chhattisgarh that they have been giving stipends to farmers but have not released the state share
for a scheme that directly benefits the rural poor.”
Besides their share, some states have also not released central government funds for the
programme. The rural development ministry releases funds to a state nodal account (SNA) from
where they are transferred to beneficiaries. There is a gap of Rs 198.65 crore of central funds
that have not been released to beneficiaries. The ministry is now mulling direct benefit transfer
to beneficiaries, a model similar to that adopted for the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee scheme (MNREGA) where the amount is directly credited to the
beneficiary’s bank account without the state government’s involvement.