Rita Schwieters conducted research on investigating the properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) under the advisement of Dr. Chris Sorensen and grad student Jeff Powell. The research measured the enthalpy of dissolution for 5nm AuNPs ligated with dodecanethiol in a solution of dodecanethiol and toluene. Transition electron microscopy was used to determine the average particle diameter was 5.5nm with a 16% standard deviation. Analysis of the data collected at different temperatures allowed for the calculation of the enthalpy of dissolution and from that the interparticle potential and melting point, though adjustments are still needed to the model. Future work is needed to further understand the rejuven
Review paper on the applications and challenges of gold nanoparticles in medicine and dentistry.
Gold nanoparticles is a game-changer in delivering patient care. Its versatility can be put to use in diagnosis, imaging and treatment of various conditions. It relatively recent innovation although gold is a metal that has had a lot of meaning in human civilisation.With a lot of potential left unexplored one has to what and watch the miracles this breakthrough has in store for medical science.
Experiment with colorimetric gold nanosensorsNANOYOU
With this experiment you will discover the properties of gold at the nanoscale.
Gold (Au, atomic number 79) is the most malleable and ductile metal of all; it can be beaten to very thin sheets of material and rolled or bent as desired. This has been known and done for centuries.
In this experiment you will investigate nanoparticles of gold or nano-gold! The properties of nano-gold are very different and it all has to do with the size of the nanoparticles.
To download the protocol of the experiment and background information, as well as watching videos on how to perform it, visit: www.nanoyou.eu
Translations to several languages are also availabe in the NANOYOU website.
introduction to nano technology Gold NPs and its dependence upon laser pulse, synthesis and characterization through XRD, SEM. applications of Gold NPs,
Review paper on the applications and challenges of gold nanoparticles in medicine and dentistry.
Gold nanoparticles is a game-changer in delivering patient care. Its versatility can be put to use in diagnosis, imaging and treatment of various conditions. It relatively recent innovation although gold is a metal that has had a lot of meaning in human civilisation.With a lot of potential left unexplored one has to what and watch the miracles this breakthrough has in store for medical science.
Experiment with colorimetric gold nanosensorsNANOYOU
With this experiment you will discover the properties of gold at the nanoscale.
Gold (Au, atomic number 79) is the most malleable and ductile metal of all; it can be beaten to very thin sheets of material and rolled or bent as desired. This has been known and done for centuries.
In this experiment you will investigate nanoparticles of gold or nano-gold! The properties of nano-gold are very different and it all has to do with the size of the nanoparticles.
To download the protocol of the experiment and background information, as well as watching videos on how to perform it, visit: www.nanoyou.eu
Translations to several languages are also availabe in the NANOYOU website.
introduction to nano technology Gold NPs and its dependence upon laser pulse, synthesis and characterization through XRD, SEM. applications of Gold NPs,
Preparation and characterization of nimesulide loaded cellulose acetate hydro...Jing Zang
The aim of this study is to prepare nimesulide loaded cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate nanoparticles by salting out technique. In this study Cellulose acetate Hydrogen phthalate was taken as polymer. Nimesulide was selected as a model drug. This technique is suitable for drugs and polymers that are soluble in polar solvents such as acetone or ethanol. The effect of drug concentration and polymer concentration on nanoparticle size, shape, uniform size distribution and stability was studied. Nanoparticles were evaluated for particle size, zetapotential and particle size distribution. Size of the particle was measured by SEM.(Scanning electron microscope).Surface charge and stability of the resultant nanoparticles was determined by Zetasizer. Particle size distribution was determined by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS) with a Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZS. The cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate concentration and nimesulide concentration was varied from 5mg/ml to 10 mg/ml. The effect of drug and polymer concentrations on nanoparticle size, shape, particle size distribution was studied. Increased drug concentration has no impact on the particle size. The size of the particle was found to be decreased with increased polymer concentration. Increased polymer concentration has resulted in uniform particle size distribution. Higher the polymer concentrations and lower the drug concentrations resulted in uniform particle size distribution.
X-ray crystallography is a tool used for determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal. The underlying principle is that the crystalline atoms cause a beam of X-rays to diffract into many specific directions
THE USE OF MICRO- AND MACRO-AUTORADIOGRAPHY TO STUDY THE TISSUE DISTRIBUTION ...QPS Holdings, LLC
Objectives:
To educate about the methods used to perform Quantitative Whole-Body Autoradiography (QWBA) and Micro-Autoradiography (MARG) to facilitate an understanding of the benefits and limitations of the techniques.
To present examples of how QWBA and MARG have been used to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate drugs.
Innovative and an Effective Fiber Optic probe for Laser Ablation of tumors that helps in providing the advanced cancer treatment with less side effects.
1. Done by: Dr. Mohamad Ghazi Kassem
2. What is Nanotechnology An engineered DNA strandtiny motor pRNA Semiconducting metal junction formed by two carbon nanotubes Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems, through the understanding and control of matter at dimensions in the nanometer scale length (1-100 nm), where new functionalities and properties of matter are observed and harnessed for a broad range of applications.
3. What is Nanoscale Fullerenes C60 22 cm 12,756 Km 1.27 × 107 m 0.22 m 10 millions times smaller 0.7 nm 0.7 × 10-9 m 1 billion times smaller
4. What Are Gold Nanoparticles? • Gold nanoparticles (‘nanogold’) occur as clusters of gold atoms up to 100nm in diameter. Gold nanoparticle • Nanogold has unusual visible properties because the particles are small enough to scatter visible light. - in contrast, mass gold reflects light. 5nm gold clusters
5. • Gold nanoparticles appear yellow to deep red to in solution. - colour depends on size of nanoparticles • The distance between particles also affects colour - surface plasmon resonance is the term used by nanotechnologists to describe this effect.
6. Why Gold Nanoparticles Cancer is a difficult disease to treat, contain, and identify. There are many different ways for treating cancer such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and many others. These methods are effective if the cancer tumor is caught soon enough. However, these treatments are not effective enough because they do not only target the affected cells, they also affect healthy cells. But • Gold Nanoparticles are non toxic • With Gold Nanoparticles we can detecting cancer cells and even destroy them without affect healthy cells.
7. Mostafa A. El-Sayed Julius Brown Chair and Regents Professor; Director, Laser Dynamics Laboratory “Gold nanoparticles are very good at scattering and absorbing light,” said Mostafa El-Sayed, director of the Laser Dyanamics Laboratory and chemistry professor at Georgia Tech. “We wanted to see if we could harness that scattering property in a living cell to make cancer detection easier. So far, the results are extremely promising.”
8. Gold Nanoparticle Tumor Detection The common strategy to detect the tumor is the functionalization of the nanoparticle with an antibody specific to the tumor antigens, and then detect the nanoparticle by some spectroscopic technique B. Tumor photograph Imaging with gold nanoparticles as contrast agent
9. Many cancer cells have a protein, known as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EFGR), all over their surface, while healthy cells typically do not express the protein as strongly. By conjugating, or binding, the gold nanoparticles to an antibody for EFGR, suitably named antiEFGR, researchers were able to get the nanoparticles to attach themselves to the cancer cells. Electrostatically + + + + - - - + + + - + -+ - - + + + + Covalently S S S S S S S S
10. Gold Nanoparticles Nanoshells
Use of nanotechnology in medical science (pros and cons)Vikram Kataria
here in this presentation I had shared the basic information regarding use of nanotechnology in medical science and what wonders and improvements that nano technology did in the field of medical science.
THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIONS ON TOOTH SURFACES AND IN ROOT CANALS WITH THREE DIFFERENT LASER MODALITIES: Photodynamic Therapy, Photothermal Therapy, Photoablation
Gold nano particles have been used by artists for its amazing property of interacting with the visible light. However, nowadays the optical properties of nano particles of gold are now being put to use for many different reasons. After much research, it has been found that the nano particles of gold have the ability to intermingle with the free electrons emerging from a light ray which is electrical in nature
Preparation and characterization of nimesulide loaded cellulose acetate hydro...Jing Zang
The aim of this study is to prepare nimesulide loaded cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate nanoparticles by salting out technique. In this study Cellulose acetate Hydrogen phthalate was taken as polymer. Nimesulide was selected as a model drug. This technique is suitable for drugs and polymers that are soluble in polar solvents such as acetone or ethanol. The effect of drug concentration and polymer concentration on nanoparticle size, shape, uniform size distribution and stability was studied. Nanoparticles were evaluated for particle size, zetapotential and particle size distribution. Size of the particle was measured by SEM.(Scanning electron microscope).Surface charge and stability of the resultant nanoparticles was determined by Zetasizer. Particle size distribution was determined by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS) with a Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZS. The cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate concentration and nimesulide concentration was varied from 5mg/ml to 10 mg/ml. The effect of drug and polymer concentrations on nanoparticle size, shape, particle size distribution was studied. Increased drug concentration has no impact on the particle size. The size of the particle was found to be decreased with increased polymer concentration. Increased polymer concentration has resulted in uniform particle size distribution. Higher the polymer concentrations and lower the drug concentrations resulted in uniform particle size distribution.
X-ray crystallography is a tool used for determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal. The underlying principle is that the crystalline atoms cause a beam of X-rays to diffract into many specific directions
THE USE OF MICRO- AND MACRO-AUTORADIOGRAPHY TO STUDY THE TISSUE DISTRIBUTION ...QPS Holdings, LLC
Objectives:
To educate about the methods used to perform Quantitative Whole-Body Autoradiography (QWBA) and Micro-Autoradiography (MARG) to facilitate an understanding of the benefits and limitations of the techniques.
To present examples of how QWBA and MARG have been used to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate drugs.
Innovative and an Effective Fiber Optic probe for Laser Ablation of tumors that helps in providing the advanced cancer treatment with less side effects.
1. Done by: Dr. Mohamad Ghazi Kassem
2. What is Nanotechnology An engineered DNA strandtiny motor pRNA Semiconducting metal junction formed by two carbon nanotubes Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems, through the understanding and control of matter at dimensions in the nanometer scale length (1-100 nm), where new functionalities and properties of matter are observed and harnessed for a broad range of applications.
3. What is Nanoscale Fullerenes C60 22 cm 12,756 Km 1.27 × 107 m 0.22 m 10 millions times smaller 0.7 nm 0.7 × 10-9 m 1 billion times smaller
4. What Are Gold Nanoparticles? • Gold nanoparticles (‘nanogold’) occur as clusters of gold atoms up to 100nm in diameter. Gold nanoparticle • Nanogold has unusual visible properties because the particles are small enough to scatter visible light. - in contrast, mass gold reflects light. 5nm gold clusters
5. • Gold nanoparticles appear yellow to deep red to in solution. - colour depends on size of nanoparticles • The distance between particles also affects colour - surface plasmon resonance is the term used by nanotechnologists to describe this effect.
6. Why Gold Nanoparticles Cancer is a difficult disease to treat, contain, and identify. There are many different ways for treating cancer such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and many others. These methods are effective if the cancer tumor is caught soon enough. However, these treatments are not effective enough because they do not only target the affected cells, they also affect healthy cells. But • Gold Nanoparticles are non toxic • With Gold Nanoparticles we can detecting cancer cells and even destroy them without affect healthy cells.
7. Mostafa A. El-Sayed Julius Brown Chair and Regents Professor; Director, Laser Dynamics Laboratory “Gold nanoparticles are very good at scattering and absorbing light,” said Mostafa El-Sayed, director of the Laser Dyanamics Laboratory and chemistry professor at Georgia Tech. “We wanted to see if we could harness that scattering property in a living cell to make cancer detection easier. So far, the results are extremely promising.”
8. Gold Nanoparticle Tumor Detection The common strategy to detect the tumor is the functionalization of the nanoparticle with an antibody specific to the tumor antigens, and then detect the nanoparticle by some spectroscopic technique B. Tumor photograph Imaging with gold nanoparticles as contrast agent
9. Many cancer cells have a protein, known as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EFGR), all over their surface, while healthy cells typically do not express the protein as strongly. By conjugating, or binding, the gold nanoparticles to an antibody for EFGR, suitably named antiEFGR, researchers were able to get the nanoparticles to attach themselves to the cancer cells. Electrostatically + + + + - - - + + + - + -+ - - + + + + Covalently S S S S S S S S
10. Gold Nanoparticles Nanoshells
Use of nanotechnology in medical science (pros and cons)Vikram Kataria
here in this presentation I had shared the basic information regarding use of nanotechnology in medical science and what wonders and improvements that nano technology did in the field of medical science.
THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIONS ON TOOTH SURFACES AND IN ROOT CANALS WITH THREE DIFFERENT LASER MODALITIES: Photodynamic Therapy, Photothermal Therapy, Photoablation
Gold nano particles have been used by artists for its amazing property of interacting with the visible light. However, nowadays the optical properties of nano particles of gold are now being put to use for many different reasons. After much research, it has been found that the nano particles of gold have the ability to intermingle with the free electrons emerging from a light ray which is electrical in nature
The arc reactor is some kind of fusion reactor that has the ability to generate an electromagnetic field, provide clean energy, and blow things up. In the comics, Tony Stark uses it for various purposes, primarily to recharge his armor and other electronic devices.
Fusion reactors that could provide a limitless source of energy could be a reality in less than a decade.
This is according to scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who claim to have come up with a commercially viable fusion reactor design.
Named ARC, the planned reactor will be a tokamak - or donut-shaped – system and would generate the same amount of energy as much larger designs - much like the reactor used by Tony Stark in the hit movie Iron man
Gold nanoparticles: strange properties and applicationsExpedeon
View our gold nanoparticle range: http://www.innovabiosciences.com/gold-conjugation-kits.html
Gold nanoparticles exhibit extraordinary properties quite unlike those of the bulk metal. These properties can be exploited in a variety of assay applications, including lateral flow tests, microscopy, flow cytometry and FRET assays. There are also a number of therapeutic applications, especially in the field of cancer. This free and exciting webinar focuses on the following points:
1. Introduction to Gold
2. Unique properties of nanoparticles
3. Why does "40nm gold" never look the same from different suppliers?
4. Methods of attaching proteins and analytes to gold
5. Uses of nanoparticles in diagnostics
6. Uses of nanoparticles in therapeutics
Study of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Nanofluid as Coolant on a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine with Spiral Radiator.
Team Members: Sandeep Raj Kanth, Viral Hitenkumar Naik, Rudra Ranjan Swain
Guide: Dr. G. Naga Srinivasulu, Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, NIT Warangal
electrophoresis: types, advantages, disadvantages and applications.Cherry
Electrophoresis is a general term that describes the migration and separation of charged particles under the influence of an electric field.
The particles maybe simple ions, complex macromolecules and colloids or particulate matter- either living cells such as bacteria or inert material such as oil emulsion, droplet etc.
The pores present in the gel work like a sieve, allowing the smaller molecules to pass through more quickly and easily than the larger molecules.
2. AU NANOPARTICLES
• An fcc cluster of gold atoms with long chain
molecules attached to surface gold atoms.
• They typically contain over 3,000 gold atoms, and
hundreds of ligands.[1]
• They do not have properties of gold atoms or of
macroscopic gold.
• They have some properties similar to large
molecules. This is attractive, because we already
have molecular theory.
• Typical models suggest the gold cores attract and
the ligands repel in such a way that we should
observe a familiar potential energy curve with
particle separation. (Potential Well)[2]
3. GOALS:
• The purpose of this research was to measure an Enthalpy of Dissolution
for 5nm AuNPs ligated with Dodecanethiol (DDT), and dissolved in a solution
of DDT & Toluene.
• From this the interparticle potential, melting point, and activity
coefficient for this system can be determined. Where the activity coefficient
is an indication of how far from ideal this system is.
• My work focused on the enthalpy of dissolution, and everything else was or
can be calculated from that.
• This is the first study on the enthalpy of dissolution of AuNPs, and should be
the beginning of a systematic investigation into how these properties are
effected by NP size, ligand, solvent, etc.
4. THEORY
• Start with Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics 𝑃 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑑 = 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 ∗ 𝑒−
∆𝐻
𝑘𝑇
• Where ΔH is the enthalpy of dissolution or the energy required to dissolve.
• And probability dissolved is essentially the concentration.
• Beer-Lambert’s law allows a conversion between Absorbance (measured in the lab), and
concentration (variable needed for theory). 𝐴𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 ∗ 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
• Since I was looking for ΔH, I reworked the equations so that ΔH would be the slope of a line.
• Manipulating 𝑃 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑑 = 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 ∗ 𝑒−
∆𝐻
𝑘𝑇 = Concentration
• To ln(Concentration) = -
∆𝐻
𝑘𝑇
+ ln(Constant)
• Plotting ln(Concentration) vs.
1000
𝑇
gives a slope of
∆𝐻
𝑘
in kJ.
• From this I can solve for ∆𝐻, the interparticle separation, the melting temperature, and the
activity coefficient.
5. METHODS
• To do this experiment samples of AuNPs were sythesized, and placed in small glass
ampules.
• Before each run I placed the samples in an ultrasonic bath to re-disperse the particles.
• The samples would then be placed in a home-made, thermally insulated, temperature
controlled centrifuge and left to sit for 15minutes. The small size of the samples and
thermal contact with the aluminum rotor allowed the temperature of the sample to
equilibrate quickly.
• I then spun at 3300g for 12min to get any precipitate out.
• Once the precipitate is spun out, I use a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to measure the
amount of light absorbed.
• Beer-Lambert converts that to concentration that I can plot as a function of temperature.
6. METHODS CONTINUED
• The samples I investigated were 5.2nm, 5.5nm, and 5.8nm diameter AuNPs .
• When I completed data collection, Transition Electron Microscope (TEM) pictures of the
particles were taken.
• These pictures were analyzed with a program, imagej, allowing me to analyze a large
number of particles.
• The resulting distribution was fit with a Gaussian to determine the average particle
diameter.
7. RESULTS
• TEM analysis showed the particles were slightly different in size: 5.2nm, 5.5nm, and
5.8nm. It also showed a somewhat large percent standard deviation despite the presence
of superlattices.
• Analysis of 354 particles over 5 different TEM pictures yields a particle diameter
distribution shown.
• This analysis gives the average
diameter 5.5nm, with a standard
deviation that’s 16% of the average.
That is higher than we’d like.
9. RESULTS CONTINUED
• I collected data for three different samples of the same synthesis of AuNPs. I plotted the
data, and calculated the enthalpy of dissolution for each sample.
1130K1330K
1230K
10. WHAT THE RESULTS MEAN
• If those melting points seem high, that’s because they are.
• This is essentially a first order approximation to the enthalpy of dissolution which is used
to calculate Tmelt.
• Adjustments will need to be made that include interactions between the ligand chain and
the solvent which are currently not accounted for.
• However, we now have consistent and reproducible data leading to a the enthalpy of
dissolution, interparticle potential, and melting point of 5nm AuNPs ligated with
dodecanethiol and dissolved in a solution of toluene and excess DDT.
11. INTERESTING OBSERVATIONS
• Some of the samples weren’t completely stable.
• It could be an ethanol precipitation step causing destability if some ethanol is left in
solution.
• Brief boiling of these samples seems to stabilize them with an increase in solubility. We
have no idea how this works, and it did’t seem to work for one other system we attempted
to “rejuvenate.”
12. FUTURE WORK
• There is a lot of work to be done to understand how these NP solutions work.
• Investigation into rejuvenation process with this system.
• This work can be extended to a larger temperature range.
• Further studies should be done to test the effects of
• NP size
• Ligand
• Solvent
13. REFERENCES
• [1] Hao Yan, Solubility Phase Behavior of Gold Nanoparticles in Colloidal Solution,
Dissertation, 2009
• [2] B.L.V. Prasad, C.M. Sorensen, and Kenneth J. Klabunde, Gold nanoparticle
superlattices, Chemical Society Reviews, July 2008
14. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• This research was funded through an NSF grant PHYS-1461251
• I would also like to thank Kansas State University & the Physics
Department for hosting me this summer.
• Dr. Sorensen, Jeff Powell, and Jessica Changstrom for their many
efforts working with me on this project.
![AU NANOPARTICLES
• An fcc cluster of gold atoms with long chain
molecules attached to surface gold atoms.
• They typically contain over 3,000 gold atoms, and
hundreds of ligands.[1]
• They do not have properties of gold atoms or of
macroscopic gold.
• They have some properties similar to large
molecules. This is attractive, because we already
have molecular theory.
• Typical models suggest the gold cores attract and
the ligands repel in such a way that we should
observe a familiar potential energy curve with
particle separation. (Potential Well)[2]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)