Afrika Yang Resah; Nyanyian Lawino dan Nyanyian OcolRini Adiani
Lewat sajak dalam buku ini, Okot p'Bitek berusaha mengungkapkan berbagai persoalan penting dalam negara yang baru saja lepas dari kekuasaan penjajahan Barat. ia mengajak kita semua melihat rangkaian persoalan yang kompleks itu dari berbagai sudut pandang yang baru; ia menyadarkan kita bahwa setidaknya harus merenungkan kembali pilihan-pilihan yang telah kita singkirkan selama ini. Mungkin kita bahkan merasakan bahwa masalah itu masih tetap masalah bagi kita sekarang. Sajak-sajak karya Okot p'Bitek ini memiliki nilai tambah bagi kita; di samping menyodorkan pengalaman baru untuk kita hayati, ia juga mengingatkan kita akan berbagai masalah sosial, politik, dan budaya yang mungkin sekali, selama ini sudah kita anggap selesai namun kenyataannya tetap berupa masalah.
Adalah penting artinya dan amat menarik bagi kita di Indonesia, yang juga berada dalam proses yang sama, untuk membaca pengalaman manusia di berbagai negeri lain yang sedang berkembang. bagaimana reaksi dan jawaban mereka terhadap dampak dari berbagai hal baru yang berkembang dalam masyarakat mereka? Bagaimana mereka dapat mengatasi atau menyelesaikan masalah-masalah kemanusiaan dan kemasyarakatan yang timbul? Perubahan-perubahan nilai yang terjadi?
Sumber: http://www.bukukita.com/Hukum-dan-Undang-undang/Sosial-Politik/88812-Afrika-Yang-Resah-:-Nyanyian-Lawino-dan-Nyanyian-Ocol-(cetak-ulang).html
Afrika Yang Resah; Nyanyian Lawino dan Nyanyian OcolRini Adiani
Lewat sajak dalam buku ini, Okot p'Bitek berusaha mengungkapkan berbagai persoalan penting dalam negara yang baru saja lepas dari kekuasaan penjajahan Barat. ia mengajak kita semua melihat rangkaian persoalan yang kompleks itu dari berbagai sudut pandang yang baru; ia menyadarkan kita bahwa setidaknya harus merenungkan kembali pilihan-pilihan yang telah kita singkirkan selama ini. Mungkin kita bahkan merasakan bahwa masalah itu masih tetap masalah bagi kita sekarang. Sajak-sajak karya Okot p'Bitek ini memiliki nilai tambah bagi kita; di samping menyodorkan pengalaman baru untuk kita hayati, ia juga mengingatkan kita akan berbagai masalah sosial, politik, dan budaya yang mungkin sekali, selama ini sudah kita anggap selesai namun kenyataannya tetap berupa masalah.
Adalah penting artinya dan amat menarik bagi kita di Indonesia, yang juga berada dalam proses yang sama, untuk membaca pengalaman manusia di berbagai negeri lain yang sedang berkembang. bagaimana reaksi dan jawaban mereka terhadap dampak dari berbagai hal baru yang berkembang dalam masyarakat mereka? Bagaimana mereka dapat mengatasi atau menyelesaikan masalah-masalah kemanusiaan dan kemasyarakatan yang timbul? Perubahan-perubahan nilai yang terjadi?
Sumber: http://www.bukukita.com/Hukum-dan-Undang-undang/Sosial-Politik/88812-Afrika-Yang-Resah-:-Nyanyian-Lawino-dan-Nyanyian-Ocol-(cetak-ulang).html
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. What are the conventions of social drama?
From research of social drama
trailers and films, I found that
the typical conventions would
be serious emotion from the
characters alongside slow pace
and deep music throughout.
Although I have used these in
my trailer, using slow motion at
the beginning, showing the
important issues involved in
social drama such as violence
and bad behaviour, I challenged
the trailer Trainspotting which
showed the consequences of
social drama in a brighter light
with fast pace editing and
humour.
Conventions of social drama:
Slow pace editing
Slow music
Deep emotion shown by
characters
Dark lighting
Mise-en-scene mostly being
rough areas (building estates,
abandoned parks)
Clothing such as dark
coloured hoodies, and tracksuit
bottoms
Foul language
Violence and bad behaviour
shown
3. In what ways does your trailer develop or challenge forms and conventions of
real trailers?
• Social drama films such as Trainspotting uses a fast pace,
usually to promote the adrenaline and the humour of the
troubles of social drama.
• To challenge this, my trailer starts with a slow pace, builds up
to show the danger of my characters situation, and uses deep
questions to make the audience think and consider.
Slow motion at the beginning
4. In what ways does your trailer challenge forms and conventions of real trailers?
With Trainspotting being a humorous trailer with the problems hidden in the
film and less shown in the trailer, I used my trailer to show the danger of society,
and used no humour to portray this. Instead I found that having my characters
show dangerous actions and being affected, showed the idea of society ruining
the lives of the youth.
Here I showed the dangers of drugs
when being handled by the youth
With showing drugs being passed amongst a
group, I challenged the idea of society pressuring
people to fit into the society that is difficult to live
in for the youth
5. In what ways does your trailer challenge the forms and conventions of real trailers?
Whilst Trainspotting showed the funny but reckless outcomes of taking drugs and
acting in violence, I wanted to show the serious side of the consequences. With
Trainspotting showing the consequences in a humorous way, I wanted to show the
idea that involving yourself in serious matters when it comes to society can come
to you ruining yourself.
To show this, I filmed
one of my male
characters in
desperation to tie the
belt. Showing the
dangers of becoming
so involved in drugs
and the dangers of
society that it comes
to yourself ruining
yourself.
6. In what ways does your trailer challenge forms and conventions of real trailers?
In contrast to Trainspotting, the lighting in my trailer differs to the
lightning in the Trainspotting trailer. In trainspotting it creates an
almost relaxed feel, maybe showing the relaxation you feel under
the influence of the drugs. However I wanted to highlight the idea
of the dark society people fall in to, and by doing this challenged
the lighting.
7. In what ways does your trailer develop or challenge forms and conventions of
real trailers?
• With the Trainspotting trailer the music is upbeat and fast, the talking is
slow and precise, almost to create the feel of adrenaline. The scenes are
short and quick, and to challenge this, I used slow music, only to build the
beat quicker at the serious moments to create anxiety, and the voice over
is slow and spaced out, almost as if the character doesn’t know what to
say. I also follow up my voice over into a scene to help the audience
connect with the depth of the speech by seeing the character speak
Here I’ve used the
voice over to connect
to a scene so the
audience can see the
emotion and hurt in
the words.
8. How effective is the combination of your main product to your ancillary task?
In what ways does your trailer develop or challenge forms and c
conventions of real trailers?
With ensuring the idea of the darkness of society, I’ve used dark
colours on my movie magazine front cover and movie poster, as
well as using dark lighting in my film
I've used a close
up here to ensure
not much lighting
enters the
picture, and
having black
white and red
text compliments
the lack of
lighting
I’ve used dark lighting in
the film to highlight the
seriousness and darkness
9. • https://mysite.williamdeferrers.essex.sch.uk/p
ersonal/07howardj/Advanced%20production/
Lists/Photos/_w/Kidulthood%20movie%20pos
ter_jpg.jpg
I challenged the conventions of a movie
magazine by using a close up of one
person instead of lots of characters here.
And on my movie poster I challenged this
convention by using a close up of my
characters arm with a belt. I hoped this
would entice my audience and create a
mystery around this photo and the
meaning and story behind it. I researched
film posters of films with the same
conventions as social drama and with that
research was able to create a movie
poster with the same conventions.
Dark colours
Evidence of
violent weapons
Conventional clothing such
as caps and tracksuits
Tagline gives evidence of a
dangerous area for youths
In what ways does your trailer challenge forms and conventions of real trailers?
10. By challenging the Kidulthoods movie poster
conventions, I went for a landscape style and
used an arms instead of a face to create
curioueity and interest to my audience to
cause them to question the story behind this
picture. This would also appeal to my target
audience as they would want to see some
mystery and to be able to question the
possibilites this film may show
I still had my character
dress in darker colours to
create the darkness and
danger effect.
Use of belt and
arm to
challenge the
conventions of
showing each
character and
their emotions.
In what ways does your trailer challenge forms and conventions of real trailers?
11. The Trainspotting movie
poster challenges all the
conventions of a social
drama movie poster.
However again I
challenged this by not
using faces to show my
characters and their
emotions.
The movie poster Nil By Mouth
shows brighter colours than
grey and blacks, however they
are dull brighter colours, to
possibly emphasise the dullness
of society and even though it is
rough people still try to make
light through the dark
In what ways does your trailer develop or challenge forms and conventions of
real trailers?
12. • With the picture on my movie magazine and movie poster, I have used a
close up of an arm with a belt, in able to capture my audiences attention
and to make them question what this film may be about, considering the
title doesn’t give much away. At the end of my film, after showing the
rough outline, do I then introduce the title to the trailer. This is to again
make my audience question what the film could be about.
In what ways does your trailer develop or challenge conventions of real trailers?
13. • With the constant reference to the belt in my film, it connects to my movie
magazine so it helps the audience to understand that this is a serious film
showing self harming on one individual, which has been influenced by
society.
Both pictures show two
characters using the
same method but with
different reactions to
show the affects it has
on them. For instance
the main female
characters rushing to get
the belt on at a high
angle shot to show her
vulnerability, the main
male character is
looking desperately
down, almost looking
guilty of his actions
In what ways does your trailer challenge forms and conventions of real trailers?
14. • Both products are appealing to a audience of who enjoy
something deep and serious, making you feel deeper into the
situation and consequences. For the movie magazine, an audience
whom are interested in other movies with social drama
Here I have attracted an audience
whom would be interested in other
social drama and poor society related
movies
With a image of a close up of one of my main
characters, I am aiming to attract audience of an
older age range who would find mystery in this
person in the photo whilst also attaching
themselves to them from the vulnerable timid
expression
In what ways does your trailer challenge forms and conventions of real trailers?
15. How effective is the combination of your main product and ancillary task?
Based on all research and audience feedback, my film and
ancillary task mostly complimented each other, with
effective connotations suited for what I wanted to portray.
Dark lighting used
for the mise en
scene for all
products.
16. From the viewing of drug references, my film and ancillary task both aim
for a older mature target audience. The use of showing the belt doesn’t
show much depth of how the drug ‘heroin’ is used but the tasks are still
aimed for an older age range who have an understanding of the
consequences and problems that occur in social drama films.
How effective is the combination of your main product and ancillary task?
17. Expanding on the target
audience, I aimed my film
for those who have an
interest in mysterious deep
situations, and an older
ages group, therefore my
films use of signs of
violence and drug use links
to the plugs on my movie
magazine where it
promotes horror films,
therefore aiming for an
older audience.
How effective is the combination of your main product and ancillary task?
18. Looking closely at connotations of social drama, I have included
these with the hint of drug use but also dark lighting and dark
clothing on my movie poster and film magazine and including
my film.
Dark clothing usually
seen on youth in a
rough society.
References
to drugs.
References
to drug
use from
the belt
and dark
lighting
and
clothing.
How effective is the combination of your main product and ancillary task?
19. What have I learnt from audience feedback?
• With the lack of facilities, a few of my scenes from my storyboard had to
be cut short or completely cut, but with some advice I came to the
conclusion that having short quick scenes was more appealing to my
target audience.
With the series of close up
shots of my main girl and
my main boy I wanted to
show them forming a close
relationship and to show
their emotions, my target
audience said they would
prefer not to be shown
their close relationships
but instead to be curious
as to how the characters
relate and what the story
of them is. I took this
advice, and didn’t let the
characters interact, to
create a sense of curiosity
for my audience.
20. What have I learnt from audience feedback?
To show the rough areas that youths patrol everyday, I asked my audience whether they’d
like to see the characters under the influence of alcohol in clubs, or whether they'd like to
see buildings to create the sense of a rough area. From the results I used a range of indoors
and outdoors, and used an alleyway instead of buildings to create being alone and away
from civilisation, and when filming, the area and lighting made the scene more eerie and
threatening. With filming inside a club toilet it shows a secluded area in which a youth can
go to feed their obsession.
21. What have I learnt from audience feedback?
Inside the club toilet I used a range of shots from high angle to medium close
ups in order to make the audience sympathise with the character and the
toilet shows to be quite dirty, showing a secluded poorly used area.
A high amount of my target audience wanted
to hear a voice over, so I created that to
connect in to a scene to help sympathise with
the character.
22. • With the audiences belief my trailer would be in depth when it came to involving
the issues of drugs, I drew out a few scenes with use of drugs and violence,
however limited this in my trailer as I felt too many scenes involving the use of
drugs would be too much and it would also give a lot of the plot away, where I
would like to keep my audience wondering and excited.
My storyboard shows the girl
sitting amongst drugs, and the
use of guns
My audience expected my trailer to be a 15, so in order
to show the seriousness of drugs and the issues
involved, I cut the scenes from my storyboard and made
the issues less shown.
What have I learnt from audience feedback?
23. These shots of close ups
and over the shoulder
are quick and promote
weak actions of taking
drugs, smoking etc. by
limiting these shots and
cutting them from my
storyboard it also doesn’t
give much of the
storyline away.
What have I learnt from audience feedback?
24. I asked my audience what type of ending they
would like to see, a cliff-hanger or a specific
ending. The results came in close, and with the
storyboard I aimed to have the specific ending
showing the down fall of the female character.
However, during editing and filming, I found
closing of my trailer without the audience
knowing would be more interesting and would
entice them in to watching the film
Here is a specific ending on my
storyboard showing the
downfall of my female
character.
What have I learnt from audience feedback?
25. How did you use new media technologies in the construction and research, planning
and evaluation stages?
For my movie poster, I
was able to see what
conventions to use from
research for a social
drama movie poster,
therefore experimenting
with dark lighting and
shadows on Photoshop
mostly through strokes or
drop shadows on my text.
Research in to the
Kidulthood movie poster
helped me plan my mise en
scene and correct dark
clothing
26. How did you use new media technologies in the construction and research, and
planning and evaluation stages?
For my movie magazine, Photoshop helped me
create the dark lighting and seriousness of my
photo, although my photo does not make eye
contact making her look more vulnerable.
Total film uses an
intimidating
photo, and dark
lighting.
My magazine uses a
vulnerable photo but
also dark lighting.
27. How did you use new media technologies in construction and research, and planning
and evaluation stages?
Adobe premiere allowed me to use short quick scenes by using the scissor tool to edit
and cut scenes, so like the Trainspotting trailer I was able to edit short scenes to create
pace whether fast or slow.
28. How did you use new media technologies in the construction and research, planning and
evaluation stages?
When using Photoshop to create my movie magazine and film I used many
tools to help make it as creative as possible. I experimented with the shots of
my movie poster when taking the picture.
With experimenting
with the shot, I tried it
at a titled angle to
create some intrigue
and to catch more
shadow under the belt
for lighting and dark
conventions
29. How did you use new media technologies in the construction and research, planning
and evaluation stages?
After experimenting with
different angles for my
movie poster photo, I took
a photo of the same arm
and belt and clothing but
at a portrait angle. I
deliberately included the
scar of my actors arm to
create a mystery for my
audience and a more
realistic approach to my
chosen genre, focusing
closely on the realistic
dangers of it.
30. How did you use new media technologies in the construction and research, planning
and evaluation stages?
With experimenting on
different ways to show my
photo, I experimented
with cropping out the
body and keeping the arm
and belt to create more
interest and mystery but
felt this didn’t work
because it looked odd and
the shadow on the
clothing made the photo
more interesting.
Photoshop gave me the flexibility to
experiment with editing the photo, cropping
it using the magnetic lasso tool or un doing it
if I felt it didn’t work as I had planned.
31. How did you use new media technologies in the construction and research, planning
and evaluation stages?
From research I had come across a movie poster with a plain background and I
experimented with doing that also. I put a efrf3ct on my text through the edit layer
style Photoshop allowed me to experiment with, to make it look fuzzy and light
around the edges. I experimented with names for my credit and found them too
spaced out.
32. I looked closely at other film credits and found it a good help to experiement
with the font and the lenfth of the letters to make it look more. Photoshop
allowed me to experiement with different fonts for this.
How did you use new media technolgies in the construction and
research, planning and evaluation stages?
33. How did you use new media technologies in the construction and research, planning
and evaluation stages?
With my movie magazine,
Photoshop allowed me to be
creative with all I had planned
to do, allowing me to
experiment with ideas to make
it look interesting with the
photograph as well.
With my film title I was able
to experiment with the font
and the stroke on this through
the edit layer style
34. How did you use new media technologies in the construction and research,
planning and evaluation stages?
With experimenting
with plugs and puffs, I
found it was hard to
make it visible against
the dark lighting of
my photos hair. So
with the help of using
the edit layer style
and using the stroke
tool I was able to
make a bold edge
around my plugs to
make them stand out.
The use of colour also helps
my plug to stand out and
makes my magazine more
interest to observe
35. How did you use new media technologies in the construction and research, planning
and evaluation stages?
Creating my masthead around the tough lighting of my photo was
difficult but Photoshop helped with the edit layer style of the stroke
tool where I was able to make it thicker and bolder. The font also
adds interest being different, and the colours all compliment one
another making right target audience who enjoy horror movies or
social drama movies be drawn to the magazine.
36. Adobe premiere was
flexible with my choices of
how I wanted my film to
be portrayed. I wa sbale to
edit easily using the
scissor tool and undo that
if need be.
How did you use new media technolgies in the construction and
researtch, planning and evaluation stages?
37. How did you use new media technolgies in the construction and researtch, planning
and evaluation stages?
From the scissor tool
I was able to cut my
scenes and shots
short to make them
quick and snappy
and flow in to one
another
With having the shots stored for
editing I was also able to split the
same shot I had shot from different
angles, and split them between other
scenes to make them go from one to
the other.
38. How did you use new media technologies in the construction and research, planning
and evaluation stages?
Adobe premiere also allowed me
to put in quotes whenever I
wanted them and to edit those if
need be. I could also put a effect
on them to make them fade out.
39. How did you use new media technologies in the construction and research, planning
and evaluation stages?
With the easy
lightweight use of the
camera and tripod I was
able to film awkward
shots for example a high
angle shot in a cubicle
where it is confined.
40. How did you use new media technologies in the construction and research, planning
and evaluation stages?
I was able to experiment with shots in the mirror to make my film
more effective, and the camera allowed me to film the most
important parts, for example showing the belt within the same
shot.
41. How did you use new media technologies in the construction and research, planning
and evaluation stages?
Adobe premiere allowed me to experimented with the length of my
music and to cut it and edit it if need be. I was able to cut out the parts I
didn’t want, and move the new part to where this part used to be as
well using the scissor tool. With the yellow bar I was able to adjust the
sound making it quieter or louder.
42. Adobe also allowed me to use a voice over and with this I was
able to edit this to connect to a over the shoulder shot of the
person speaking to make it effective.
How did you use new media technologies in the construction and
research, planning and evaluation stages?