The document discusses file management and operations. It describes how files are organized through creating, storing, removing, opening, and closing files. It also covers file attributes like name, type, location, size, date/time of creation and modification, and protection. Common file operations are also summarized such as creating, writing, reading, repositioning, deleting, truncating, and appending files. The document also discusses file types and how operating systems can recognize and support different file extensions.
The document discusses different allocation methods for managing disk space for files in an operating system. It describes contiguous, linked, and indexed allocation. Contiguous allocation allocates files in contiguous blocks, simplifying access but wasting space. Linked allocation uses pointers to non-contiguous blocks, avoiding fragmentation. Indexed allocation uses an index block to store block addresses, requiring multiple accesses to retrieve a block.
The document discusses various concepts related to file systems including file structure, attributes, operations, access methods, directory structure, mounting, sharing and protection. It describes the basic components of a file system including files, directories and how they are organized in a tree structure with path names to locate files efficiently. It also covers common file operations, sequential and direct access methods, and how files can be shared across systems through mounting and network file sharing protocols.
This document discusses free space management techniques in operating systems. It explains the need to track free disk space and reuse it from deleted files. Various free space list implementations are described, including bit vector, linked list, grouping, and counting. Bit vector uses a bitmap to track free blocks, linked list links free blocks, grouping stores addresses of free blocks in blocks, and counting tracks free block runs with an address and count.
Indexed allocation is a modification of linked allocation where the disk block pointers for a file are placed in an index block. The index block has one entry for each portion allocated to the file, and the file allocation table entry for a file points to its index block, allowing for no external fragmentation, efficient random access, and easy mapping of bad disk blocks.
The document discusses file protection in operating systems. It covers the need for reliability and security of files, types of access control like read, write and execute permissions, access lists that specify permissions for individual users and groups, and approaches to access control including password protection and user classifications of owner, group, and others. Problems with long access lists and password protection are also summarized.
This document discusses different disk allocation methods including contiguous, linked, and indexed allocation. Contiguous allocation stores files in contiguous disk blocks but can lead to external fragmentation. Linked allocation stores non-contiguous blocks linked through addresses in each block, avoiding fragmentation. Indexed allocation uses an index block to point to each block of a file, allowing for random access but requiring additional space for pointers.
A directory is a file that contains entries with information about other files in the system, including the file name, type, size, owner, protection, usage count, times of creation and last modification, and list of disk blocks used. A file system organizes storage across partitions, with each partition containing a directory of its files. Partitions are known as minidisks in IBM systems and volumes in PCs and Macs. Each directory records information about all files in its partition.
The document discusses file management and operations. It describes how files are organized through creating, storing, removing, opening, and closing files. It also covers file attributes like name, type, location, size, date/time of creation and modification, and protection. Common file operations are also summarized such as creating, writing, reading, repositioning, deleting, truncating, and appending files. The document also discusses file types and how operating systems can recognize and support different file extensions.
The document discusses different allocation methods for managing disk space for files in an operating system. It describes contiguous, linked, and indexed allocation. Contiguous allocation allocates files in contiguous blocks, simplifying access but wasting space. Linked allocation uses pointers to non-contiguous blocks, avoiding fragmentation. Indexed allocation uses an index block to store block addresses, requiring multiple accesses to retrieve a block.
The document discusses various concepts related to file systems including file structure, attributes, operations, access methods, directory structure, mounting, sharing and protection. It describes the basic components of a file system including files, directories and how they are organized in a tree structure with path names to locate files efficiently. It also covers common file operations, sequential and direct access methods, and how files can be shared across systems through mounting and network file sharing protocols.
This document discusses free space management techniques in operating systems. It explains the need to track free disk space and reuse it from deleted files. Various free space list implementations are described, including bit vector, linked list, grouping, and counting. Bit vector uses a bitmap to track free blocks, linked list links free blocks, grouping stores addresses of free blocks in blocks, and counting tracks free block runs with an address and count.
Indexed allocation is a modification of linked allocation where the disk block pointers for a file are placed in an index block. The index block has one entry for each portion allocated to the file, and the file allocation table entry for a file points to its index block, allowing for no external fragmentation, efficient random access, and easy mapping of bad disk blocks.
The document discusses file protection in operating systems. It covers the need for reliability and security of files, types of access control like read, write and execute permissions, access lists that specify permissions for individual users and groups, and approaches to access control including password protection and user classifications of owner, group, and others. Problems with long access lists and password protection are also summarized.
This document discusses different disk allocation methods including contiguous, linked, and indexed allocation. Contiguous allocation stores files in contiguous disk blocks but can lead to external fragmentation. Linked allocation stores non-contiguous blocks linked through addresses in each block, avoiding fragmentation. Indexed allocation uses an index block to point to each block of a file, allowing for random access but requiring additional space for pointers.
A directory is a file that contains entries with information about other files in the system, including the file name, type, size, owner, protection, usage count, times of creation and last modification, and list of disk blocks used. A file system organizes storage across partitions, with each partition containing a directory of its files. Partitions are known as minidisks in IBM systems and volumes in PCs and Macs. Each directory records information about all files in its partition.
The document is a presentation on file handling in C++. It was presented by Waqar Ali to Sir Fasee Ullah on May 21, 2014 for a BSSE class. The presentation covers reading from and writing to files in C++ using ifstream and ofstream classes and functions, and includes code examples for opening, writing, reading, and closing files.
The document discusses browsing and navigating the Linux file system. It describes the hierarchical structure with directories, sub-directories, and files. Everything is represented as a file, including processes, devices, applications, and sockets. Directories can contain other directories and files. The root directory is represented by "/" and mount points allow connecting other file systems. Commands like ls, cd, pwd are used to list, change directories, and print the working directory path. File permissions and attributes are displayed using ls -l.
The document discusses file systems and their implementation. It covers topics like files, directories, file structures, file types, file operations, memory mapping, directory structures, shared files, disk space management, file system reliability, and performance. Example file systems discussed include UNIX, MS-DOS, Windows 98, and log-structured file systems.
"Hands Off! Best Practices for Code Hand Offs"Naomi Dushay
The document discusses best practices for code handoffs based on a presentation by Naomi Dushay. It recommends writing code that is well-documented, tested, and follows conventions so that it is readable by others. Code should be written as if a stranger needs to understand it. Documentation includes comments, README files, and testing code. Automated testing should demonstrate how code works and catch errors. Tools and libraries should be chosen carefully, with consideration of existing expertise and adoption. Code quality is maintained through practices like continuous integration, KISS (Keep It Simple Stupid) and DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself).
Make is a tool that automates the building of software by tracking dependencies between files and only rebuilding components that have changed. It reads build instructions from a makefile to determine what needs to be built. Make traverses the dependency tree of a project, rebuilds out of date or missing components, and handles dependencies between files and components. While powerful, makefiles can be difficult to write and debug, and Make has limitations for languages like Java that don't expose dependencies in source code. Alternatives like Apache Ant provide similar functionality through XML build files.
Presentation on email capture done at the Radical Archives of Philadelphia (http://www.phillyradicalarchives.org/). Presented at Archivists Being Awesome (June 17 meeting).
This document provides an overview of file handling in Java. It discusses key concepts like streams and stream classes for reading and writing different data types to files. The main stream classes covered are byte streams for reading/writing bytes and character streams for reading/writing characters. It also describes techniques for concatenating and buffering files, performing random access on files, and handling interactive input/output.
This document discusses different file allocation methods for managing disk space, including contiguous, linked, indexed, and inode allocation. It also covers free space management techniques like bit vectors and linked lists. Inode allocation combines direct indexing, single and double indirect indexing to support very large files over 4GB by organizing file metadata and block pointers in inodes.
This document provides an overview of file handling in QBASIC. It discusses writing, reading, updating, and deleting records from external data files. It describes the OUTPUT, INPUT, and APPEND file modes used in QBASIC and defines program and data files. Syntax for the WRITE and INPUT commands to write and read from data files is shown. An example program is provided that writes a student's name, class, and roll number to an external file called "std.txt" by getting input from the user.
The document provides information on various DOS commands including their types (internal or external), actions performed, and available command line switches. It discusses file naming conventions in DOS/Windows including the 8.3 naming specification and long filename support. It also describes file types/formats, read only/hidden/system/archive file attributes, and the hierarchy of command execution if multiple files of the same name but different extensions exist.
This document discusses access control mechanisms, specifically access control lists and capability lists. It provides examples of how access control lists work, including default permissions, abbreviations to shorten lists, and how conflicts are handled. It also covers capability lists, how capabilities are implemented using tags or cryptographic tickets, and the challenges of revocation for each method. Maintaining the principle of least privilege is discussed in the context of access control mechanisms.
This document provides instructions for IR Homework #1, which involves building an inverted index for a text collection. The input will be the ClueWeb09 dataset containing over 1 billion web pages. The output should be inverted index files with a dictionary file listing vocabularies and postings lists showing term occurrences in documents. Optional functionality may include efficiency techniques, tokenization settings, and support for multiple input formats. The program and documentation are due in two weeks and will be evaluated based on correctness and any optional features. Students will submit their work electronically and may be asked to demo if the submission does not run properly.
This is a draft presentation of a video lesson from the course "Digital forensics with Kali Linux" published by Packt Publishing in May 2017: https://www.packtpub.com/networking-and-servers/digital-forensics-kali-linux
In these slides, we are going to cover file carving, introducing unallocated and slack disk space and how to extract and identify deleted files. Then we are going to cover the Windows Recycle Bin.
This document contains Jayse Farrell's resume, including education, technical expertise, and personal projects. Jayse is expected to graduate in December 2017 with a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science and Software Engineering from the University of Washington Bothell. Their technical skills include languages like C++, C#, Java, and frameworks like UWP, WPF, and Angular JS. Some of Jayse's personal projects include developing a Unix file system simulator, a 68k assembly disassembler, an X-ray machine simulator using WebGL, and a programming language translator.
This document discusses DLL hijacking, which involves tricking applications into loading a malicious DLL instead of the intended one. It describes DLLs and their search order, how to find vulnerable applications, and techniques like using msfvenom to generate a payload DLL to open a reverse shell. While some protection schemes exist like SafeDllSearchMode, none are fully effective. DLL hijacking helps attackers escalate privileges stealthily without creating new processes and by abusing trust in signed applications.
The document discusses different methods of organizing computer files, including heap files, sequential files, indexed-sequential files, inverted list files, and direct files. It provides details on each method, such as how records are stored and accessed, their advantages and disadvantages, and examples. Key aspects covered include unordered storage in heap files, ordered storage and efficient sequential access in sequential files, indexed access for both sequential and random access in indexed-sequential files, and direct calculation of record locations in direct files.
The document provides an overview of the contents of a training on the Unix and GNU/Linux command line. It covers topics such as shells and filesystem structure, file handling commands, standard input/output redirection, task control, text editing and system administration basics. The training aims to teach users full control of tasks and how to get help and find resources on the command line.
This document provides an overview of file handling in Python. It discusses different file types like text files, binary files, and CSV files. It explains how to open, read, write, close, and delete files using functions like open(), read(), write(), close(), and os.remove(). It also covers reading and writing specific parts of a file using readline(), readlines(), seek(), and tell(). The document demonstrates how to handle binary files using pickle for serialization and deserialization. Finally, it shows how the os module can be used for file operations and how the csv module facilitates reading and writing CSV files.
CNIT 152 13 Investigating Mac OS X SystemsSam Bowne
This document provides an overview of investigating Mac OS X systems, including analyzing the file system and various system artifacts. It discusses the HFS+ file system structures like the volume header, catalog file, and attributes file. It also covers time stamps, Spotlight indexing, and managed storage revisions. Key directories in the local, system, network, and user domains are outlined. Specific sources of evidence from the user domain like user accounts, shares, and trash are also mentioned. The document discusses tools like OpenBSM for system auditing and various system logs and databases that can be analyzed.
The document discusses different aspects of file systems and file management. It covers:
1) File systems organize computer files and data to make them easy to access. They involve maintaining the physical location of files.
2) Files have attributes like name, size, location, and protection settings. Information is stored in directory structures on disks.
3) There are different methods to access files, including sequential, direct, and indexed sequential access.
4) Directory structures organize large numbers of files in a hierarchy using concepts like single level, two level, and tree level directories. Operations on directories include searching, creating, deleting and renaming files.
The document is a presentation on file handling in C++. It was presented by Waqar Ali to Sir Fasee Ullah on May 21, 2014 for a BSSE class. The presentation covers reading from and writing to files in C++ using ifstream and ofstream classes and functions, and includes code examples for opening, writing, reading, and closing files.
The document discusses browsing and navigating the Linux file system. It describes the hierarchical structure with directories, sub-directories, and files. Everything is represented as a file, including processes, devices, applications, and sockets. Directories can contain other directories and files. The root directory is represented by "/" and mount points allow connecting other file systems. Commands like ls, cd, pwd are used to list, change directories, and print the working directory path. File permissions and attributes are displayed using ls -l.
The document discusses file systems and their implementation. It covers topics like files, directories, file structures, file types, file operations, memory mapping, directory structures, shared files, disk space management, file system reliability, and performance. Example file systems discussed include UNIX, MS-DOS, Windows 98, and log-structured file systems.
"Hands Off! Best Practices for Code Hand Offs"Naomi Dushay
The document discusses best practices for code handoffs based on a presentation by Naomi Dushay. It recommends writing code that is well-documented, tested, and follows conventions so that it is readable by others. Code should be written as if a stranger needs to understand it. Documentation includes comments, README files, and testing code. Automated testing should demonstrate how code works and catch errors. Tools and libraries should be chosen carefully, with consideration of existing expertise and adoption. Code quality is maintained through practices like continuous integration, KISS (Keep It Simple Stupid) and DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself).
Make is a tool that automates the building of software by tracking dependencies between files and only rebuilding components that have changed. It reads build instructions from a makefile to determine what needs to be built. Make traverses the dependency tree of a project, rebuilds out of date or missing components, and handles dependencies between files and components. While powerful, makefiles can be difficult to write and debug, and Make has limitations for languages like Java that don't expose dependencies in source code. Alternatives like Apache Ant provide similar functionality through XML build files.
Presentation on email capture done at the Radical Archives of Philadelphia (http://www.phillyradicalarchives.org/). Presented at Archivists Being Awesome (June 17 meeting).
This document provides an overview of file handling in Java. It discusses key concepts like streams and stream classes for reading and writing different data types to files. The main stream classes covered are byte streams for reading/writing bytes and character streams for reading/writing characters. It also describes techniques for concatenating and buffering files, performing random access on files, and handling interactive input/output.
This document discusses different file allocation methods for managing disk space, including contiguous, linked, indexed, and inode allocation. It also covers free space management techniques like bit vectors and linked lists. Inode allocation combines direct indexing, single and double indirect indexing to support very large files over 4GB by organizing file metadata and block pointers in inodes.
This document provides an overview of file handling in QBASIC. It discusses writing, reading, updating, and deleting records from external data files. It describes the OUTPUT, INPUT, and APPEND file modes used in QBASIC and defines program and data files. Syntax for the WRITE and INPUT commands to write and read from data files is shown. An example program is provided that writes a student's name, class, and roll number to an external file called "std.txt" by getting input from the user.
The document provides information on various DOS commands including their types (internal or external), actions performed, and available command line switches. It discusses file naming conventions in DOS/Windows including the 8.3 naming specification and long filename support. It also describes file types/formats, read only/hidden/system/archive file attributes, and the hierarchy of command execution if multiple files of the same name but different extensions exist.
This document discusses access control mechanisms, specifically access control lists and capability lists. It provides examples of how access control lists work, including default permissions, abbreviations to shorten lists, and how conflicts are handled. It also covers capability lists, how capabilities are implemented using tags or cryptographic tickets, and the challenges of revocation for each method. Maintaining the principle of least privilege is discussed in the context of access control mechanisms.
This document provides instructions for IR Homework #1, which involves building an inverted index for a text collection. The input will be the ClueWeb09 dataset containing over 1 billion web pages. The output should be inverted index files with a dictionary file listing vocabularies and postings lists showing term occurrences in documents. Optional functionality may include efficiency techniques, tokenization settings, and support for multiple input formats. The program and documentation are due in two weeks and will be evaluated based on correctness and any optional features. Students will submit their work electronically and may be asked to demo if the submission does not run properly.
This is a draft presentation of a video lesson from the course "Digital forensics with Kali Linux" published by Packt Publishing in May 2017: https://www.packtpub.com/networking-and-servers/digital-forensics-kali-linux
In these slides, we are going to cover file carving, introducing unallocated and slack disk space and how to extract and identify deleted files. Then we are going to cover the Windows Recycle Bin.
This document contains Jayse Farrell's resume, including education, technical expertise, and personal projects. Jayse is expected to graduate in December 2017 with a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science and Software Engineering from the University of Washington Bothell. Their technical skills include languages like C++, C#, Java, and frameworks like UWP, WPF, and Angular JS. Some of Jayse's personal projects include developing a Unix file system simulator, a 68k assembly disassembler, an X-ray machine simulator using WebGL, and a programming language translator.
This document discusses DLL hijacking, which involves tricking applications into loading a malicious DLL instead of the intended one. It describes DLLs and their search order, how to find vulnerable applications, and techniques like using msfvenom to generate a payload DLL to open a reverse shell. While some protection schemes exist like SafeDllSearchMode, none are fully effective. DLL hijacking helps attackers escalate privileges stealthily without creating new processes and by abusing trust in signed applications.
The document discusses different methods of organizing computer files, including heap files, sequential files, indexed-sequential files, inverted list files, and direct files. It provides details on each method, such as how records are stored and accessed, their advantages and disadvantages, and examples. Key aspects covered include unordered storage in heap files, ordered storage and efficient sequential access in sequential files, indexed access for both sequential and random access in indexed-sequential files, and direct calculation of record locations in direct files.
The document provides an overview of the contents of a training on the Unix and GNU/Linux command line. It covers topics such as shells and filesystem structure, file handling commands, standard input/output redirection, task control, text editing and system administration basics. The training aims to teach users full control of tasks and how to get help and find resources on the command line.
This document provides an overview of file handling in Python. It discusses different file types like text files, binary files, and CSV files. It explains how to open, read, write, close, and delete files using functions like open(), read(), write(), close(), and os.remove(). It also covers reading and writing specific parts of a file using readline(), readlines(), seek(), and tell(). The document demonstrates how to handle binary files using pickle for serialization and deserialization. Finally, it shows how the os module can be used for file operations and how the csv module facilitates reading and writing CSV files.
CNIT 152 13 Investigating Mac OS X SystemsSam Bowne
This document provides an overview of investigating Mac OS X systems, including analyzing the file system and various system artifacts. It discusses the HFS+ file system structures like the volume header, catalog file, and attributes file. It also covers time stamps, Spotlight indexing, and managed storage revisions. Key directories in the local, system, network, and user domains are outlined. Specific sources of evidence from the user domain like user accounts, shares, and trash are also mentioned. The document discusses tools like OpenBSM for system auditing and various system logs and databases that can be analyzed.
The document discusses different aspects of file systems and file management. It covers:
1) File systems organize computer files and data to make them easy to access. They involve maintaining the physical location of files.
2) Files have attributes like name, size, location, and protection settings. Information is stored in directory structures on disks.
3) There are different methods to access files, including sequential, direct, and indexed sequential access.
4) Directory structures organize large numbers of files in a hierarchy using concepts like single level, two level, and tree level directories. Operations on directories include searching, creating, deleting and renaming files.
This lecture discusses the different techniques used to install, uninstall and upgrade software packages in Linux and the associated tools
Video for this lecture on youtube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFqdupd9wKk
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
Ahmed ElArabawy
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
The document discusses file systems and file management. It covers key topics such as file structure and attributes, directory structures including tree and graph implementations, access methods like sequential and direct, and file sharing including remote file systems. Protection and permissions are also covered through access control lists and user/group models.
Unix is a layered operating system with the kernel interacting directly with hardware and providing services to user programs through system calls. It is a multi-user, multi-tasking system with a hierarchical file structure and standard commands for manipulating files and directories. The shell acts as a command interpreter between the user and operating system, running commands and startup scripts on startup.
CNIT 121: 13 Investigating Mac OS X SystemsSam Bowne
Slides for a college course based on "Incident Response & Computer Forensics, Third Edition" by by Jason Luttgens, Matthew Pepe, and Kevin Mandia.
Teacher: Sam Bowne
Twitter: @sambowne
Website: https://samsclass.info/121/121_F16.shtml
Linux has a multi-layered system organization with applications and utilities at the outer layer, a kernel interacting directly with hardware at the inner layer, and a middle layer like desktops and shells facilitating communication. It provides multi-user access with login security and file/folder permissions. Common commands to manage files/folders include ls to list, touch/cat to create/edit, cp to copy, mv to move, rm to delete, and chmod to change permissions. The file system hierarchy has directories like home, bin, lib, etc. Disk space is allocated in blocks and inodes track file attributes.
CNIT 152: 13 Investigating Mac OS X SystemsSam Bowne
Slides for a college course based on "Incident Response & Computer Forensics, Third Edition" by by Jason Luttgens, Matthew Pepe, and Kevin Mandia, at City College San Francisco.
Website: https://samsclass.info/152/152_F18.shtml
This document provides an overview of the Linux file system hierarchy. It describes the purpose and common contents of the top-level directories in Linux, including /bin, /boot, /dev, /etc, /home, /lib, /media, /mnt, /opt, /proc, /root, /sbin, /tmp, /usr, /var. It explains differences between the Linux and Windows file structures and key concepts like everything being represented as a file in Linux.
The document provides an introduction to Linux, including its history and origins. It discusses how Linux was originally developed by Linus Torvalds as an open source alternative to UNIX. It also summarizes some key Linux distributions like Red Hat Linux and describes basic Linux commands, file structures, and permissions.
The document discusses file systems and storage management. It covers key concepts like file structure, file attributes, file operations, open files, file locking, access methods including sequential and direct access, and directory operations and design including single-level, two-level, tree-structured, and acyclic graph directories. The goal of directory design is to provide efficiency in locating files, allow convenient naming of files to avoid collisions, and enable logical grouping of files.
The document discusses the file system interface. It describes key concepts such as files, directories, and access methods. Files are the basic unit of data storage with attributes like name, size, and permissions. Directories organize files in a hierarchical structure and allow searching, creating, deleting and listing files. There are various methods to access files sequentially or directly by record number. The directory structure has evolved from single-level to tree-structured and acyclic graphs to provide efficient searching and grouping of files. File systems need to be mounted before files can be accessed. Permissions control sharing of files between users in a multi-user system.
Working with files (concepts/pseudocode/python)FerryKemperman
The document discusses working with files in software, including reading from and writing to files, different file formats, text files specifically, and provides pseudocode and Python code examples for opening, writing, reading, and closing files. It also covers end-of-line and end-of-file markers that are important for properly reading and writing text files.
Exploiting Directory Permissions on macOSCsaba Fitzl
This talk covers how we can exploit applications on macOS (including macOS itself), where some of the directory / file permissions are incorrectly set. The incorrectness of these settings is not trivial at first sight because understanding these permissions are not intuitive. We will see bugs from simple arbitrary overwrites, to file disclosures and privilege escalation. The concepts applicable to *nix based system as well, however this talk focuses on macOS bugs only. We will also cover different techniques about how to control contents of files, to what we don’t have direct write access.
We will do a deep dive overview of the various r / w / x permissions, what do they mean in case of files, and more importantly in case of directories. We will also take a look at the additional settings, like ownership and the ‘lock’ flag and how do they affect the previous permissions. As part of this we will see how to find such bugs.
We will see a file information disclosure bug affecting macOS Mojave, where we can get read access to files which would normally be accessible only for root users. We will also cover 4 vulnerabilities that are caused due to our ability to control the location of certain files. As we have direct control over only the file location, but not the contents, we will explore tricky techniques how we can influence the contents of some of these files to our benefit.
This document discusses key concepts related to file system interfaces including:
1) File systems provide a logical representation of files and directories that can be accessed through defined operations like create, read, write, delete.
2) Files can be organized using different structures like sequential access, direct access, and indexed/relative files. Directories provide a way to group related files in a hierarchical structure.
3) File sharing, protection, and consistency models are important aspects of how multiple users can concurrently access the same files in a file system.
This document describes Dist::Surveyor, a tool created by Tim Bunce to determine which CPAN distributions and versions are installed on a system by analyzing the contents of a local Perl library directory. It discusses the challenges involved and different approaches considered. The key features of Dist::Surveyor are that it uses MetaCPAN to match installed module files to candidate distributions, scores distributions based on included modules, and can generate a list of exact distributions to reinstall a matching library.
The document discusses various tools and strategies for writing, researching, organizing information, and publishing in the digital age. It provides overviews and links to tools for searching online information, taking notes, outlining, bookmarking, writing, publishing ebooks and audiobooks, and storing files in the cloud. Specific tools mentioned include Google Scholar, Evernote, OneNote, Checkvist, The Outliner of Giants, Workflowy, Fargo, Wattpad, Audible, ACX, and various options for cloud storage like Dropbox and Google Drive.
Powerpoint versiebeheer there is no such thing as a final version 1Hugo Besemer
This document discusses version control and file management for PhD students. It covers topics such as creating a logical folder structure, file naming conventions, deciding what files to keep, tracking relationships between files, and managing literature references. It also discusses applications for synchronizing files across devices and collaborating on documents in real-time, such as SURFdrive, OneDrive, SharePoint, OneNote, Google Docs and Overleaf. The document provides examples and recommendations for best practices in organizing research documents and files.
The document discusses file systems and file management. It defines what a file is and common file attributes like name, size, location, and permissions. It describes different types of files and various file operations. It also covers file system concepts like directory structures, access methods, open file management, and file sharing. File system protection and permissions are controlled through access lists, user and group IDs. Remote file systems allow files to be shared over a network using client-server models and distributed file systems.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
2. WHAT IS A FILE PATH?
• A program will first look in the current directory for
• data files
• module files
• Next it will look in a specified file path
• Your compiler has default paths for built in modules
• Advanced programming, you will want to specify your own
file paths
• For now, keep everything in the same directory
3. TWO WAYS TO SEE A FILE PATH
FILE EXPLORER - LIBRARIES FILE EXPLORER – DISK VIEW
4. TWO WAYS TO SEE A FILE PATH
FILE EXPLORER - LIBRARIES
• at the top it shows the file
path.
• Starting from “libraries”
• LibrariesDocuments
• STCPythonChapter Files
5. TWO WAYS TO SEE A FILE PATH
FILE EXPLORER - LIBRARIES FILE EXPLORER DISK VIEW
• at the top it shows the file
path.
• Starting from “c:”
• C:UsersPublicPublic
Documents
• STCPythonChapter Files
6. THE FILE PATH YOU NEED TO KNOW
•Both of these are the same file location
•You need to know the file path the computer
uses
•C:UsersPublicDocumentsSTCPythonChapt
er files
7. TO USE YOUR CURRENT LOCATION AS A
STARTING PLACE USE THE DOUBLE
• STCPythonChapter
Files
• The problem with this
comes back to using a
space in a name
• Use good naming
conventions for your
disk, also
FLASH DRIVE
8. TO USE YOUR CURRENT LOCATION AS A
STARTING PLACE USE THE DOUBLE
• STCPythonChapter
Files
• The problem with this
comes back to using a
space in a name
• Use good naming
conventions for your
disk, also
FLASH DRIVE
9. HOW TO SHARE IT
• If you are going to use your program on another computer
• Write the pathname relative to the drive it is on
•
• Instead of a drive letter
• You will want to zip your entire folder, so that it can be
unzipped with the same relative locations
• See sample file