The document discusses how the human microbiome and gut bacteria play an important role in health. It notes that modern western diets and lifestyles have disrupted the natural balance of gut bacteria through factors like increased antibiotic use, less diverse diets, and more processed foods. This imbalance is linked to many chronic health conditions such as obesity, heart disease, and inflammatory diseases. The document advocates for restoring balance through diet and lifestyle changes.
This document discusses the history and health benefits of vegetarianism. It summarizes that vegetarianism originated in ancient India and Greece due to beliefs of nonviolence towards animals. Various types of vegetarians consume different plant-based diets. A vegetarian diet is healthier with less risk of disease, and is better for the environment by reducing pollution, deforestation, overfishing, and water usage associated with meat production. While some claim vegetarian diets lack nutrients, research shows plant sources provide sufficient protein and iron when consumed variedly. The document argues animal agriculture and slaughterhouse practices do not follow natural selection and cause undue suffering, making a vegetarian lifestyle more ethical.
The document discusses immunity, malnutrition, and their relationship. It provides background on immunity, the immune system, and factors that affect immune function. It then defines malnutrition and discusses how malnutrition can impair immune function by suppressing the immune system and compromising immune cells and barriers. Specific deficiencies like vitamin A that increase susceptibility to infection are mentioned. The relationship between infection and malnutrition is also summarized.
I will recommend this to you if you are interested to boost your immunity by taking note of the food u consume.
If you have insomnia, you can take this quiz here to find how which stage of insomnia you are suffering from :http://edcb08vdqnm4-48lu4kbukb4nj.hop.clickbank.net/
At the same time, hop over to my website to help u overcome insomnia @ http://insomniasleepaid.blogspot.com
Keep in touch,
Dawn Ho (dhskyline@gmail.com)
Lec 7 nutrition for health promotion and disease prevention 1Siham Gritly
This document discusses nutrition and its relationship to infectious diseases and immune function. It provides information on how certain nutrients can impact immunity and definitions of key terms. The immune system and its cells/organs are described including phagocytes, lymphocytes, and antigens. Specific nutrients that affect immunity like vitamins A, C, E, zinc, and selenium are outlined. The document also summarizes HIV/AIDS including transmission, pathogenesis, symptoms, and the impact of nutrition. Proper nutrition is presented as important for supporting immunity and quality of life for those with HIV/AIDS.
The document discusses the relationship between nutrition and infection. It notes that historically, the interaction between the two was not well recognized. However, studies demonstrated that infection can lead to malnutrition, and malnutrition increases susceptibility to infection, creating a vicious cycle. The effects of malnutrition on resistance to infection include reduced immune function and antibody production. Infection also affects nutritional status through increased nutrient needs, reduced intake and absorption, and increased losses. The interactions between the two are complex and bidirectional.
How to stay healthier during the winter and live longer in general. Includes a recipe for Super Immunity Soup. From a presentation by Eliezer Greenspan of The Fountain of Youth. See tags below for topics covered. Free health research and nutrition updates with our newsletter at www.eliezergreenspan.com
The New Lifestyle diseases is a Puzzle searching for an answer. These diseases emerged as bigger killers than infectious or hereditary diseases. Our view should be global as our body is a one unit containing multiple systems and organs. What is true is that our life style have been changed. We are cornered and surrounded by different kinds of pollutants. The price of our non biological inflammatory life style is
1- A state of chronic low grade inflammation which plays a role in all major diseases including musculoskeletal manifestations
2- Mitochondrial dysfunction, which is root cause of chronic diseases including cancer, nearly all chronic diseases and accelerated aging
The big question is what causes Mitochondrial dysfunction?? The aim of this presentation is to find an answer to this question
This document discusses the gut microbiota and dysbiosis. It begins by looking at the most common microorganisms in the intestines, including beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacilli, and harmful bacteria like Clostridium difficile. It defines a normal microbiota as a healthy, balanced ratio of microorganisms. Dysbiosis can occur when there is an overabundance of harmful bacteria that crowd out beneficial bacteria, leading to increased inflammation and immune issues. Diagnosis involves tests of blood, saliva, vitamins, and stool samples. Dysbiosis can cause widespread health problems if the microbiota becomes imbalanced.
This document discusses the history and health benefits of vegetarianism. It summarizes that vegetarianism originated in ancient India and Greece due to beliefs of nonviolence towards animals. Various types of vegetarians consume different plant-based diets. A vegetarian diet is healthier with less risk of disease, and is better for the environment by reducing pollution, deforestation, overfishing, and water usage associated with meat production. While some claim vegetarian diets lack nutrients, research shows plant sources provide sufficient protein and iron when consumed variedly. The document argues animal agriculture and slaughterhouse practices do not follow natural selection and cause undue suffering, making a vegetarian lifestyle more ethical.
The document discusses immunity, malnutrition, and their relationship. It provides background on immunity, the immune system, and factors that affect immune function. It then defines malnutrition and discusses how malnutrition can impair immune function by suppressing the immune system and compromising immune cells and barriers. Specific deficiencies like vitamin A that increase susceptibility to infection are mentioned. The relationship between infection and malnutrition is also summarized.
I will recommend this to you if you are interested to boost your immunity by taking note of the food u consume.
If you have insomnia, you can take this quiz here to find how which stage of insomnia you are suffering from :http://edcb08vdqnm4-48lu4kbukb4nj.hop.clickbank.net/
At the same time, hop over to my website to help u overcome insomnia @ http://insomniasleepaid.blogspot.com
Keep in touch,
Dawn Ho (dhskyline@gmail.com)
Lec 7 nutrition for health promotion and disease prevention 1Siham Gritly
This document discusses nutrition and its relationship to infectious diseases and immune function. It provides information on how certain nutrients can impact immunity and definitions of key terms. The immune system and its cells/organs are described including phagocytes, lymphocytes, and antigens. Specific nutrients that affect immunity like vitamins A, C, E, zinc, and selenium are outlined. The document also summarizes HIV/AIDS including transmission, pathogenesis, symptoms, and the impact of nutrition. Proper nutrition is presented as important for supporting immunity and quality of life for those with HIV/AIDS.
The document discusses the relationship between nutrition and infection. It notes that historically, the interaction between the two was not well recognized. However, studies demonstrated that infection can lead to malnutrition, and malnutrition increases susceptibility to infection, creating a vicious cycle. The effects of malnutrition on resistance to infection include reduced immune function and antibody production. Infection also affects nutritional status through increased nutrient needs, reduced intake and absorption, and increased losses. The interactions between the two are complex and bidirectional.
How to stay healthier during the winter and live longer in general. Includes a recipe for Super Immunity Soup. From a presentation by Eliezer Greenspan of The Fountain of Youth. See tags below for topics covered. Free health research and nutrition updates with our newsletter at www.eliezergreenspan.com
The New Lifestyle diseases is a Puzzle searching for an answer. These diseases emerged as bigger killers than infectious or hereditary diseases. Our view should be global as our body is a one unit containing multiple systems and organs. What is true is that our life style have been changed. We are cornered and surrounded by different kinds of pollutants. The price of our non biological inflammatory life style is
1- A state of chronic low grade inflammation which plays a role in all major diseases including musculoskeletal manifestations
2- Mitochondrial dysfunction, which is root cause of chronic diseases including cancer, nearly all chronic diseases and accelerated aging
The big question is what causes Mitochondrial dysfunction?? The aim of this presentation is to find an answer to this question
This document discusses the gut microbiota and dysbiosis. It begins by looking at the most common microorganisms in the intestines, including beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacilli, and harmful bacteria like Clostridium difficile. It defines a normal microbiota as a healthy, balanced ratio of microorganisms. Dysbiosis can occur when there is an overabundance of harmful bacteria that crowd out beneficial bacteria, leading to increased inflammation and immune issues. Diagnosis involves tests of blood, saliva, vitamins, and stool samples. Dysbiosis can cause widespread health problems if the microbiota becomes imbalanced.
Vitamins play an important role in immune function as immunomodulators. Vitamins A, D, E, and the B vitamins are especially important. Vitamin A supports adaptive immune responses. Vitamin D regulates mineral metabolism and is processed by immune cells. Vitamin E and C function as antioxidants, protecting immune cells from free radicals. A balanced diet supplying adequate vitamins is necessary to meet the nutrient demands of the immune system and support optimal immune response. Vitamin deficiencies impair immunity and increase susceptibility to infection.
This document discusses how proper nutrition is essential for supporting the human immune system. It outlines the key cells and components of the immune system and explains how certain nutrients like protein, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and phytonutrients promote immune function. Maintaining adequate intake of these nutrients through a diet high in foods like eggs, fish, citrus fruits and vegetables can help the immune system fight infections and disease.
Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system S'eclairer
Dr Zahida Chaudnary talks with the students about nutrition, gut microbiomes, and nutrition as we look at diseases and how your body reacts to what you eat.
Check out the slideshow by itself here.
Want an audio version? Subscribe to our Podcast on iTunes!
Want to join us for the live discussion? Check out our Social Media in the noon hour every Monday as we sit down on Google Hangout OnAir! Follow us on Twitter, Facebook, or Google+ to get updated with the link when we start!
1. Caesarean section delivery disrupts the normal pattern of microbial colonization in infants, dominating their gut with bacteria from the human skin and oral cavity rather than vaginal and enteric bacteria acquired during a vaginal birth.
2. Microbial dysbiosis resulting from C-section delivery has been associated with increased risk of conditions like asthma, obesity, food allergies, and inflammatory bowel disease later in life.
3. Restoring a healthy gut microbiota in infants born by C-section through breastfeeding and probiotic supplementation may help reduce the risk of these long-term health issues, though more research is still needed.
The document discusses kidney health and disease. It covers several key points:
1) Kidney failure is a major health problem in the U.S., with over 100,000 new cases diagnosed each year. Diabetes is the leading cause, accounting for 44% of new cases.
2) Proper kidney function is crucial as the kidneys filter around 200 quarts of blood per day to remove waste and regulate vital chemicals and hormones.
3) Various toxins can damage the kidneys over time, including medications like Tylenol, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories as well as substances in vaccinations. Maintaining overall health and avoiding toxins is important for kidney
The Systems Biology Dynamics of the Human Immune System and Gut MicrobiomeLarry Smarr
This document summarizes Dr. Larry Smarr's talk on modeling the human immune system and gut microbiome dynamics. It discusses how the growing diversity of gut bacteria after birth helps train the immune system. In health, constant feedback between the immune system and microbiome leads to homeostasis, but in diseases like Crohn's, this balance fails. The talk demonstrates this dysbiotic state using data from Dr. Smarr's own gut microbiome and biomarkers over five years. It reviews efforts to computationally model this important biological system.
Mineral and vitamin deficiencies affect over one-half of the world’s population and contribute to a number of human chronic disease conditions. Economic, social and food technological processing factors can contribute to lower nutrient intake. Progress has been made to overcome those nutritional deficiencies in human body mainly through supplementation and food fortification.
Another option to commercially marketed products is biofortification: a strategy aimed at developing nutrient- and vitamin-dense crops through conventional breeding or biotechnological engineering.
Determining how plants regulate mineral nutrient uptake from the rhizophere, as well as transport and allocate nutrients to organs can have significant implications for human health. With the knowledge of genes governing mineral homeostasis and pathways of nutritional importance, it is possible to develop biofortification strategies. This requires a multidisciplinary research approach with funding strategies to support such research and to ultimately disseminate crop varieties with improved nutritional characteristics. One of Christian Hermans’ research theme is on magnesium, which is a disregarded element both in human and crop nutrition (a paradox in view of the essential roles it plays in every cell of every organism). He is aiming at identifying key genetic controls, which could ameliorate magnesium content of plant tissues.
Which are the approaches in basic research? When will biofortified crops be available? Will be a change in consumer habits?
This document discusses the relationship between gut microbiota and obesity. It finds that obese individuals have different gut bacteria compositions than lean individuals, with obese individuals tending to have more Firmicutes bacteria, which are more efficient at harvesting energy from food and promoting fat storage. Maintaining a diverse gut microbiota through a high fiber diet can help prevent obesity by encouraging the growth of beneficial bacteria like Bacteroidetes over Firmicutes. Probiotics and prebiotics may also help influence the gut microbiota in ways that impact weight and metabolism.
This document analyzes the relationship between food and the intestinal microbiota in humans. It discusses what intestinal microbiomes are, their roles, and their relationship with the host. The document explores how diet can modulate gut microbiome composition and influence enterotypes. It summarizes research studies that link long-term diet to enterotypes and show the gut microbiome of malnourished children remains immature. The conclusion is that food affects the gut flora, which in turn impacts health and development.
Interactions of the Immune System with the Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bo...Larry Smarr
Larry Smarr presented on his research quantifying interactions between his immune system, gut microbiome, and genetics in relation to his diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Over many years, he collected over 150 biological variables from blood and stool samples, and obtained genomic and metagenomic sequencing. Analysis revealed periods of chronic inflammation correlated with shifts in bacterial abundance and invasive strains. Treatment with antibiotics and immunosuppressants reduced inflammation and allowed rare bacteria to decrease while more beneficial firms increased. The research aims to better understand coupled human-microbiome dynamics and how genetics may predispose individuals to conditions like inflammatory bowel disease.
The document discusses how changes in modern life have disrupted the developmental equilibrium between the human microbiome and physiology. Factors like C-sections, antibiotic use, and formula feeding have led to the loss of microbial taxa and a less diverse microbiome being vertically and horizontally transmitted between generations. This is theorized to alter the immunological development setting of early life and increase the risk of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases by reducing tolerance to commensal bacteria. Understanding and restoring the lost microbiota is proposed as a way to reverse disease epidemics.
The document discusses global and national nutrition deficiencies. It states that over 2 billion people worldwide suffer from deficiencies in vitamins like iodine, iron, vitamin A and zinc according to the WHO. In the US, the majority of people do not meet recommendations for vitamins E, A, C, magnesium and others. It advocates for supplementing with a comprehensive multivitamin/mineral formula like USANA Essentials to help avoid chronic disease by ensuring optimal nutrient levels. Essentials contains vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants in highly bioavailable forms to provide full-body protection against oxidative stress and nutrient deficiencies.
The document discusses the importance of proper nutrition and food supplements for health. It notes that while medical knowledge has advanced, Americans are less healthy with higher rates of obesity and chronic disease. It emphasizes that humans are biologically designed to be herbivores based on characteristics like teeth, digestive system length and acidity. A healthy diet involves consuming plants, fruits and vegetables while avoiding meat, refined foods and substances like sugar, salt, caffeine and alcohol. Maintaining good nutrition supports the healthy functioning of the body's systems down to the cellular level.
The document discusses the poor health of Americans, with statistics showing high rates of obesity, chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes and cancer, and prescription drug use. It suggests that a whole foods, plant-based diet may be a single solution to these widespread health problems, noting that such a diet has been recommended by figures like Hippocrates and was shown in research to reduce disease risk.
This document discusses the role of nutrition in immune function. It explains that appropriate nutrition is required for immune cells to function optimally. Certain nutrients like vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats and carbohydrates play important roles in the development and maintenance of an effective immune system. Both deficiencies and excesses of specific nutrients can impair immune responses. The document then focuses on specific micronutrients and their roles in immune function, including iron, zinc, copper, vitamin B and others. It provides information on recommended intakes, dietary sources, and consequences of deficiencies and excesses for each nutrient.
Digestive Wellness - Nature & Health 2015Tania Flack
The document discusses the importance of gut health and the gut microbiome. It explains that the gut contains trillions of microorganisms that play a vital role in health. A disruption to the gut microbiome, known as dysbiosis, can lead to a "leaky gut" where toxins and undigested foods can pass into the bloodstream, causing inflammation. Leaky gut has been linked to many diseases and symptoms. The document provides strategies for improving gut health, including dietary changes, probiotic supplementation, and identifying food intolerances.
1. The document discusses hunter-gatherer diets and lifestyles in the Paleolithic era compared to modern diets and lifestyles. Hunter-gatherers ate lean meats, fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds and were highly active, which protected against diseases.
2. Studies show that when indigenous populations adopt Western diets and sedentary lifestyles, they experience increased rates of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some cancers. For example, Pima Indians and Australian Aborigines saw these health issues rise after changing their traditional diets and activities.
3. While genetically adapted to Paleolithic diets, humans now eat highly processed foods, get less physical activity, and
Intestinal hyperpermeability, also known as leaky gut syndrome, occurs when the intestinal wall becomes damaged, allowing undigested foods and toxins to pass into the bloodstream. This can elicit an immune response and lead to autoimmune diseases. One potential cause of leaky gut is gluten sensitivity. Gluten can damage the intestinal wall directly or induce zonulin production, which weakens intestinal tight junctions over time. A gluten-free diet may help heal the intestinal wall and reduce immune system reactions.
The document discusses issues related to global food production and consumption. It covers topics like famines, overeating, food pyramids, nutritional problems, key food sources, agricultural policies, the Green Revolution, and genetic engineering. It notes that while food production has increased to keep pace with population growth, poverty and political conflicts still threaten food security in some developing nations.
Environmental Health PBHL-3400Food Safety Instructions you’re.docxSALU18
Environmental Health PBHL-3400
Food Safety
Instructions: you’re reconstructing the papers with new ideas and your own thinking, along with what you find from outside sources. Please don’t forget it has to come from EDU, ORG OR GOV. please read the other document for further instructions
Introduction
Food safety is a scientific discipline describing handling, preparation and storage of food in the way that prevent foodborne illnesses. Nowadays, there is much advancement in the process of product control and practices which are aimed to produce wholesome and safe food. Government have imposed very strict quality and food safety assessment parameters or food establishments. However, all food establishment have not adopted practices to ensure food safety. In order to survive, people must eat. Unfortunately the food that is needed for survival is not always available, safe, or nutritious for individuals, families, consumers and communities. Sometimes, the food we love and count on for good health are contaminated with germs that causes sickness and can even be deadly. More progress is needed to protect people and to reduce foodborne illness in America. New challenges to food safety will continue to emerge largely because of: changes in our food production and supply, including more imported food, changes in the environmental leading to food contamination, and changes in consumer preferences and habits.
Statement of the problem
Why food safety matters? Each year, roughly 1 in 6 Americans (or 48 million people get sick) 128,000, are hospitalized, and 3,000 die of foodborne diseases. The U.S Department of Agriculture estimates that foodborne illnesses cost $15.6 billion each year. In addition, it is important for people to understand how their behavior and activities contribute to the safety and how they can decrease the risk of foodborne illness. From processes on to farm, to practices in the kitchen, human activities play an important role in food safety. Food is also highly perishable commodity which can directly affect the health of the consumer. To ensure availability, of safe and hygienic food to consumers is challenge for service establishments and regulatory authorities. Reforms need to protect Americans from foodborne illness. The United States has been a leader in food safety, yet despite the efforts, there are some significant gaps. For example, even though the U.S. has national reporting requirements for 20 foodborne pathogens many of our states public health departments do not have the resources to comply with the reporting mandates.
Literature Review
The problem of foodborne illness is well known to the general public, due to the media’s frequent coverage of outbreak. For example, the local newspaper will occasionally print stories about foodborne illness outbreaks that happen in restaurants in our communities; even the major restaurant chains are not immune to such incidents. Foodborne illness can be both acute and long term. Som ...
Vitamins play an important role in immune function as immunomodulators. Vitamins A, D, E, and the B vitamins are especially important. Vitamin A supports adaptive immune responses. Vitamin D regulates mineral metabolism and is processed by immune cells. Vitamin E and C function as antioxidants, protecting immune cells from free radicals. A balanced diet supplying adequate vitamins is necessary to meet the nutrient demands of the immune system and support optimal immune response. Vitamin deficiencies impair immunity and increase susceptibility to infection.
This document discusses how proper nutrition is essential for supporting the human immune system. It outlines the key cells and components of the immune system and explains how certain nutrients like protein, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and phytonutrients promote immune function. Maintaining adequate intake of these nutrients through a diet high in foods like eggs, fish, citrus fruits and vegetables can help the immune system fight infections and disease.
Human nutrition, gut microbiome and immune system S'eclairer
Dr Zahida Chaudnary talks with the students about nutrition, gut microbiomes, and nutrition as we look at diseases and how your body reacts to what you eat.
Check out the slideshow by itself here.
Want an audio version? Subscribe to our Podcast on iTunes!
Want to join us for the live discussion? Check out our Social Media in the noon hour every Monday as we sit down on Google Hangout OnAir! Follow us on Twitter, Facebook, or Google+ to get updated with the link when we start!
1. Caesarean section delivery disrupts the normal pattern of microbial colonization in infants, dominating their gut with bacteria from the human skin and oral cavity rather than vaginal and enteric bacteria acquired during a vaginal birth.
2. Microbial dysbiosis resulting from C-section delivery has been associated with increased risk of conditions like asthma, obesity, food allergies, and inflammatory bowel disease later in life.
3. Restoring a healthy gut microbiota in infants born by C-section through breastfeeding and probiotic supplementation may help reduce the risk of these long-term health issues, though more research is still needed.
The document discusses kidney health and disease. It covers several key points:
1) Kidney failure is a major health problem in the U.S., with over 100,000 new cases diagnosed each year. Diabetes is the leading cause, accounting for 44% of new cases.
2) Proper kidney function is crucial as the kidneys filter around 200 quarts of blood per day to remove waste and regulate vital chemicals and hormones.
3) Various toxins can damage the kidneys over time, including medications like Tylenol, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories as well as substances in vaccinations. Maintaining overall health and avoiding toxins is important for kidney
The Systems Biology Dynamics of the Human Immune System and Gut MicrobiomeLarry Smarr
This document summarizes Dr. Larry Smarr's talk on modeling the human immune system and gut microbiome dynamics. It discusses how the growing diversity of gut bacteria after birth helps train the immune system. In health, constant feedback between the immune system and microbiome leads to homeostasis, but in diseases like Crohn's, this balance fails. The talk demonstrates this dysbiotic state using data from Dr. Smarr's own gut microbiome and biomarkers over five years. It reviews efforts to computationally model this important biological system.
Mineral and vitamin deficiencies affect over one-half of the world’s population and contribute to a number of human chronic disease conditions. Economic, social and food technological processing factors can contribute to lower nutrient intake. Progress has been made to overcome those nutritional deficiencies in human body mainly through supplementation and food fortification.
Another option to commercially marketed products is biofortification: a strategy aimed at developing nutrient- and vitamin-dense crops through conventional breeding or biotechnological engineering.
Determining how plants regulate mineral nutrient uptake from the rhizophere, as well as transport and allocate nutrients to organs can have significant implications for human health. With the knowledge of genes governing mineral homeostasis and pathways of nutritional importance, it is possible to develop biofortification strategies. This requires a multidisciplinary research approach with funding strategies to support such research and to ultimately disseminate crop varieties with improved nutritional characteristics. One of Christian Hermans’ research theme is on magnesium, which is a disregarded element both in human and crop nutrition (a paradox in view of the essential roles it plays in every cell of every organism). He is aiming at identifying key genetic controls, which could ameliorate magnesium content of plant tissues.
Which are the approaches in basic research? When will biofortified crops be available? Will be a change in consumer habits?
This document discusses the relationship between gut microbiota and obesity. It finds that obese individuals have different gut bacteria compositions than lean individuals, with obese individuals tending to have more Firmicutes bacteria, which are more efficient at harvesting energy from food and promoting fat storage. Maintaining a diverse gut microbiota through a high fiber diet can help prevent obesity by encouraging the growth of beneficial bacteria like Bacteroidetes over Firmicutes. Probiotics and prebiotics may also help influence the gut microbiota in ways that impact weight and metabolism.
This document analyzes the relationship between food and the intestinal microbiota in humans. It discusses what intestinal microbiomes are, their roles, and their relationship with the host. The document explores how diet can modulate gut microbiome composition and influence enterotypes. It summarizes research studies that link long-term diet to enterotypes and show the gut microbiome of malnourished children remains immature. The conclusion is that food affects the gut flora, which in turn impacts health and development.
Interactions of the Immune System with the Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bo...Larry Smarr
Larry Smarr presented on his research quantifying interactions between his immune system, gut microbiome, and genetics in relation to his diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Over many years, he collected over 150 biological variables from blood and stool samples, and obtained genomic and metagenomic sequencing. Analysis revealed periods of chronic inflammation correlated with shifts in bacterial abundance and invasive strains. Treatment with antibiotics and immunosuppressants reduced inflammation and allowed rare bacteria to decrease while more beneficial firms increased. The research aims to better understand coupled human-microbiome dynamics and how genetics may predispose individuals to conditions like inflammatory bowel disease.
The document discusses how changes in modern life have disrupted the developmental equilibrium between the human microbiome and physiology. Factors like C-sections, antibiotic use, and formula feeding have led to the loss of microbial taxa and a less diverse microbiome being vertically and horizontally transmitted between generations. This is theorized to alter the immunological development setting of early life and increase the risk of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases by reducing tolerance to commensal bacteria. Understanding and restoring the lost microbiota is proposed as a way to reverse disease epidemics.
The document discusses global and national nutrition deficiencies. It states that over 2 billion people worldwide suffer from deficiencies in vitamins like iodine, iron, vitamin A and zinc according to the WHO. In the US, the majority of people do not meet recommendations for vitamins E, A, C, magnesium and others. It advocates for supplementing with a comprehensive multivitamin/mineral formula like USANA Essentials to help avoid chronic disease by ensuring optimal nutrient levels. Essentials contains vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants in highly bioavailable forms to provide full-body protection against oxidative stress and nutrient deficiencies.
The document discusses the importance of proper nutrition and food supplements for health. It notes that while medical knowledge has advanced, Americans are less healthy with higher rates of obesity and chronic disease. It emphasizes that humans are biologically designed to be herbivores based on characteristics like teeth, digestive system length and acidity. A healthy diet involves consuming plants, fruits and vegetables while avoiding meat, refined foods and substances like sugar, salt, caffeine and alcohol. Maintaining good nutrition supports the healthy functioning of the body's systems down to the cellular level.
The document discusses the poor health of Americans, with statistics showing high rates of obesity, chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes and cancer, and prescription drug use. It suggests that a whole foods, plant-based diet may be a single solution to these widespread health problems, noting that such a diet has been recommended by figures like Hippocrates and was shown in research to reduce disease risk.
This document discusses the role of nutrition in immune function. It explains that appropriate nutrition is required for immune cells to function optimally. Certain nutrients like vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats and carbohydrates play important roles in the development and maintenance of an effective immune system. Both deficiencies and excesses of specific nutrients can impair immune responses. The document then focuses on specific micronutrients and their roles in immune function, including iron, zinc, copper, vitamin B and others. It provides information on recommended intakes, dietary sources, and consequences of deficiencies and excesses for each nutrient.
Digestive Wellness - Nature & Health 2015Tania Flack
The document discusses the importance of gut health and the gut microbiome. It explains that the gut contains trillions of microorganisms that play a vital role in health. A disruption to the gut microbiome, known as dysbiosis, can lead to a "leaky gut" where toxins and undigested foods can pass into the bloodstream, causing inflammation. Leaky gut has been linked to many diseases and symptoms. The document provides strategies for improving gut health, including dietary changes, probiotic supplementation, and identifying food intolerances.
1. The document discusses hunter-gatherer diets and lifestyles in the Paleolithic era compared to modern diets and lifestyles. Hunter-gatherers ate lean meats, fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds and were highly active, which protected against diseases.
2. Studies show that when indigenous populations adopt Western diets and sedentary lifestyles, they experience increased rates of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some cancers. For example, Pima Indians and Australian Aborigines saw these health issues rise after changing their traditional diets and activities.
3. While genetically adapted to Paleolithic diets, humans now eat highly processed foods, get less physical activity, and
Intestinal hyperpermeability, also known as leaky gut syndrome, occurs when the intestinal wall becomes damaged, allowing undigested foods and toxins to pass into the bloodstream. This can elicit an immune response and lead to autoimmune diseases. One potential cause of leaky gut is gluten sensitivity. Gluten can damage the intestinal wall directly or induce zonulin production, which weakens intestinal tight junctions over time. A gluten-free diet may help heal the intestinal wall and reduce immune system reactions.
The document discusses issues related to global food production and consumption. It covers topics like famines, overeating, food pyramids, nutritional problems, key food sources, agricultural policies, the Green Revolution, and genetic engineering. It notes that while food production has increased to keep pace with population growth, poverty and political conflicts still threaten food security in some developing nations.
Environmental Health PBHL-3400Food Safety Instructions you’re.docxSALU18
Environmental Health PBHL-3400
Food Safety
Instructions: you’re reconstructing the papers with new ideas and your own thinking, along with what you find from outside sources. Please don’t forget it has to come from EDU, ORG OR GOV. please read the other document for further instructions
Introduction
Food safety is a scientific discipline describing handling, preparation and storage of food in the way that prevent foodborne illnesses. Nowadays, there is much advancement in the process of product control and practices which are aimed to produce wholesome and safe food. Government have imposed very strict quality and food safety assessment parameters or food establishments. However, all food establishment have not adopted practices to ensure food safety. In order to survive, people must eat. Unfortunately the food that is needed for survival is not always available, safe, or nutritious for individuals, families, consumers and communities. Sometimes, the food we love and count on for good health are contaminated with germs that causes sickness and can even be deadly. More progress is needed to protect people and to reduce foodborne illness in America. New challenges to food safety will continue to emerge largely because of: changes in our food production and supply, including more imported food, changes in the environmental leading to food contamination, and changes in consumer preferences and habits.
Statement of the problem
Why food safety matters? Each year, roughly 1 in 6 Americans (or 48 million people get sick) 128,000, are hospitalized, and 3,000 die of foodborne diseases. The U.S Department of Agriculture estimates that foodborne illnesses cost $15.6 billion each year. In addition, it is important for people to understand how their behavior and activities contribute to the safety and how they can decrease the risk of foodborne illness. From processes on to farm, to practices in the kitchen, human activities play an important role in food safety. Food is also highly perishable commodity which can directly affect the health of the consumer. To ensure availability, of safe and hygienic food to consumers is challenge for service establishments and regulatory authorities. Reforms need to protect Americans from foodborne illness. The United States has been a leader in food safety, yet despite the efforts, there are some significant gaps. For example, even though the U.S. has national reporting requirements for 20 foodborne pathogens many of our states public health departments do not have the resources to comply with the reporting mandates.
Literature Review
The problem of foodborne illness is well known to the general public, due to the media’s frequent coverage of outbreak. For example, the local newspaper will occasionally print stories about foodborne illness outbreaks that happen in restaurants in our communities; even the major restaurant chains are not immune to such incidents. Foodborne illness can be both acute and long term. Som ...
Mayo Clinic endorses Paleolithic Eating and the Serenity Eating LifetstyleMICHELLE Edmonds
The Serenity Weight Loss and Detoxification Program, established in 1992, teaches PALEO Eating. We also recognize the importance of KETOGENIC additions to the diet.
For more information about us, click @ https://serenityweightloss.business.site
Organic farming By Allah Dad Khan DG Agri Extension KPK Province Peshawar Mr.Allah Dad Khan
The document summarizes the differences between organic and conventional farming. Organic farming avoids the use of synthetic chemicals and inorganic fertilizers, resulting in healthier soil and food. Conventional farming relies on pesticides, herbicides, and chemical fertilizers, which can contaminate soils and food crops, and have been linked to negative health effects in humans like reduced sperm counts, neurological disorders, and cancer. Organic foods contain more nutrients and antioxidants that can reduce disease risk. The document advocates switching to organic farming and eating organic food for better health and environmental protection.
IB Extended Essay: Comparison of the Effects of Vegan and Meat Inclusive Diet...Laurel Ayuyao
This document is a 3,552 word extended essay that investigates the differing effects of vegan and omnivorous diets on pollution. The essay begins with an abstract and introduction describing the motivation and research question. It then outlines the methods used, which involved analyzing secondary sources from books, websites, and journals. The main body of the essay discusses the key findings. It concludes that while both diets impact the environment, an omnivorous diet that includes meat production has significantly greater negative effects through higher greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution from animal waste, and soil erosion from cattle farming. Overall, the essay determines that a vegan diet creates less pollution than an omnivorous diet.
Pros and Cons of Being a VegetarianVegetarians are defined as th.docxamrit47
1. The document discusses the pros and cons of a vegetarian lifestyle. It explores arguments from those who support vegetarianism, citing potential health benefits and environmental protections, as well as arguments from those who protest vegetarianism, noting possible health risks and environmental impacts.
2. Supporters argue that a vegetarian diet can benefit health by reducing risks of diseases and extending longevity, and help the environment by reducing pollution and use of land and water resources associated with meat production.
3. Critics counter that an improperly planned vegetarian diet risks nutritional deficiencies and health issues, and that plant-based agriculture also damages the environment through chemical use and land conversion.
Alternatives to Antibiotic Use in Food Animal ProductionPewEnvironment
Stephen Jay, M.D., professor of Medicine and Public Health and past founding chair, Department of Public Health, Indiana University School of Medicine.
The document discusses the benefits of a vegetarian diet from multiple perspectives. It addresses common questions vegetarians face from others about their diet. The main points made are:
1) A vegetarian diet is healthier since it avoids meat and animal products like eggs and dairy which are high in cholesterol and saturated fat linked to heart disease, diabetes, and some cancers.
2) Vegetarians report higher energy levels and endurance compared to meat-eaters, according to various studies comparing athletes and non-athletes. A vegetarian diet is a good source of carbohydrates for energy.
3) Eating meat exposes people to risks of foodborne illness, parasites, and pesticide residues more so than a
Organic produce trade By Mr Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Expert Khyber Pakhtun...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Organic farming avoids the use of synthetic chemicals and inorganic fertilizers. The document discusses the harmful effects of chemical farming on human health, the environment, and soil quality. Specifically, it notes studies finding links between chemical exposures and reduced sperm counts, decreased intelligence, and increased risk of diseases like Parkinson's. The document advocates eating certified organic foods to obtain optimal nutrition and avoid potential health risks from chemical residues.
The Organic Center is committed to providing peer-reviewed research on the health and environmental benefits of organic agriculture through studies and education. It has a board of directors from universities, companies, and organic advocates. The document presents information on nutrients, pesticides, climate change, GMOs and cloning that show benefits of organic farming and risks of conventional methods.
This document provides an overview of vegetarianism including definitions, demographics, reasons for being vegetarian, companies that produce vegetarian alternatives, non-vegetarian products to avoid, and references. It defines a vegetarian as someone who does not eat meat, fish, or slaughter by-products and notes that 2% of Britain's population are vegetarians. Reasons for becoming vegetarian include health concerns, environmental concerns, ethical concerns about animal welfare, religious beliefs, and a dislike of meat. It discusses both vegetarian and non-vegetarian food products and companies that produce vegetarian alternatives like Quorn and Linda McCartney Foods.
This document discusses food safety as a global issue. Key points include:
- Unsafe food affects over 600 million people annually, resulting in 420,000 deaths including 125,000 children under 5. Foodborne diseases strain healthcare systems and economies.
- Food safety is challenged by new pathogens, chemical and antibiotic hazards in food, and the globalization of food trade. Monitoring and coordination between countries is important to prevent widespread outbreaks.
- International organizations like WHO, CDC, FAO work to strengthen food safety systems, surveillance, outbreak response and policies to improve food safety globally.
You need to make up the vitamins and minerals your body needs, but are lacking in your food. You need a multivitamin that tastes great and is in liquid form so it's more bioavailable to you bodily systems.
This article will show you what you need to use that has all these important qualities.
Autoimmune disease affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing. There are 100+ known autoimmune disease types. Some of the more prevalent include type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
For a patient with a history of chronic systemic inflammation and an antecedent, like an inflammatory diet or a psychological stressor could act as a trigger to precipitate autoimmune disease or disease flare-up.
Running head PRO-CON POSITION ON VEGETARIANISM1PRO-CON POSITIOMalikPinckney86
Running head: PRO-CON POSITION ON VEGETARIANISM 1
PRO-CON POSITION ON VEGETARIANISM 2
Pro-Con Position on Vegetarianism
Maxine Philitas
Chamberlain University
Course Number: Course Name
August and 2019
Pro-Con Position on Vegetarianism
Vegetarianism is often associated with its advantages including, weight loss, decreased risk for heart disease and saving lives of innocent animals. However, there is are several disadvantages, considering the harm it may cause such as, environmental issues and put person who do not eat meat at risk for health-related issues such as anemia. Supporters of vegetarianism may recommend becoming a vegetarian; however, evidence proves that this diet may cause health related issues and negatively affect the environment.
1st Counter-Argument (your oppositions’ point)
Health related risk from vegetarianism is steadily progressing as more patrons believe that by making the choice to become vegetarians promotes their health indirectly by consuming more fruits and vegetables. According to Dittfeld, A., Gwizdek, K., Jagielski, P., Brzęk, J., & Ziora, K. experts on vegetarian diets stated, “One study has shown a case of a boy whose strict vegetarian diet led to his death as a result of cachexia.” (2017, p 62) Cachexia can be defined as muscle faintness or wasting, this can cause muscle death and overall respiratory issues. Though it is important to eat vegetables and fruits, having a well-balanced diet is even more imperative especially for children. Children’s bodies are constantly growing and need vitamins and minerals from protein to encourage their growth. Persons with inferior levels of protein, sodium, iron, manganese and phosphorus in their blood and body systems are particularly cautious when changing to a vegetarian diet.
1st Rebuttal (your point)
Vegetarian diets prevent the leading cause of death in America; heart disease. Vegetarians ultimately reduce their amount of fat and cholesterol intake from meat, which may enhance their overall wellbeing and diet. As stated in the article, “Diet plays a key role in the most pervasive and deadly diseases afflicting the American population” Ballaro, B., & Sprague, N. (2016). Persons who consumer fruits and vegetables can help maintain wellbeing and prevent cancer, heart attacks and stroke. Commonly red meat and heavily saturated foods are connected to cardiac attacks while, vegetarians consume natural sugars provided by fruit and natural supplemental vitamins from vegetables.
2nd Counter-Argument
Supplements with acquired proteins and minerals have been created to meet the needs of those who do not consume meat. Vegetarians enhance their diets with over the counter vitamins and minerals to compensate for what they are missing. As stated, in the article “Vegans, who reject all animal products, including milk, eggs and honey, place themselves at even greater risk for malnutrition” Issitt, M., & Carson-Dewitt, R. (2016). Natural recourses such as eggs and mi ...
This document discusses the health benefits of a vegetarian diet and compares human anatomy to herbivores and carnivores. It notes that a vegetarian diet can reduce the risk of heart disease and cancer. Vegetarians have lower blood cholesterol and risk of high blood pressure. It also discusses the environmental impacts of industrial meat production, including deforestation, water use, greenhouse gas emissions, and the toll on global food supply and hunger. Famous vegetarians throughout history are cited as examples of those who achieved success and intelligence on a plant-based diet.
Vegetarianism has various health, environmental, and ethical benefits according to the document. It discusses the different types of vegetarian diets and some famous vegetarians. While meat consumption can negatively impact personal health and the environment, changing diets can be difficult. With proper planning, a vegetarian diet can meet nutritional needs. Overall, the document frames vegetarianism positively in terms of health, ethics, and sustainability.
The overuse of antibiotics in both human medicine and agricultural practices has led to a growing problem of antibiotic resistance. When antibiotics are used to promote growth in farm animals, resistant bacteria can be passed to humans through meat consumption and spread among populations. If antibiotic resistance continues to increase, many infections could become untreatable, returning the world to a pre-antibiotic era. Reducing unnecessary antibiotic use in both medicine and agriculture is necessary to slow the development of resistance and preserve the effectiveness of these drugs.
The document discusses the shift from a traditional "market-oriented" marketing approach to a "market-making" approach. The traditional approach of relying on consumer research and focus groups to understand customer wants and needs is becoming less effective as new product failure rates rise above 80%. Instead, "market-makers" anticipate shifts in the market by analyzing predictive data to create disruptive changes and deliver unexpected, relevant solutions to unarticulated problems. These leading brands redefine categories and drive innovation, building more value through innovative business models rather than just products. Being a market-maker requires a cultural orientation to doing things differently and focusing on user engagement over incremental changes.
Cross impact analysis is a model that maps consumer behavior trends based on values and beliefs. It identifies three types of trends: micro trends defined by products and fads, macro trends defined by attitudes and behaviors in cultures, and cyclical trends that repeat over time. The model looks for "inflection points" where trends intersect to provide insights into their relationships and then models adoption lifecycles. Current trends around issues like an aging population, healthcare costs, and nutrition information present opportunities for solutions in areas like alternative therapies and nutritional products.
Demand Drives Value: A new marketing paradigmPeter Leighton
The document discusses a new marketing paradigm of driving demand by engaging users. It argues that most leading companies are marketing-driven and there are two types of companies - market makers that innovate, predict markets and drive growth/value, and market followers that react and recreate. It provides examples of how market makers in categories like coffee and technology were able to drive significant valuations by redefining categories, creating new categories, or delivering innovations to unarticulated problems. The document promotes the services of Abunda Solutions, a consulting group that offers strategic solutions to help growth-oriented companies deliver value through innovative market approaches and increased profitability.
Functional foods and beverages have seen significant growth, reaching $176.7 billion in 2013 with a 7% CAGR. To succeed in this category, products must provide a wellness benefit without seeming like medication, relying more on science than marketing claims. Additionally, they must be safe, experiential, intuitive, and validated. The market is led by beverages growing over 10% annually, while foods grow nearly 7% per year. Five insights for success include avoiding line extensions from existing brands, providing a lifestyle solution rather than demanding changed behavior, and ensuring taste and convenience are not compromised for functionality.
Building value through branding food & nutritionPeter Leighton
Branded companies tend to outperform unbranded companies financially. Brands that are consistently managed have better performance through higher margins, returns, and growth. Building brand value requires focusing on the customer experience rather than just the product. Successful brands like Starbucks have leveraged innovation and built emotional affinity through a differentiated brand platform focused on quality and integrity. Understanding consumer lifestyles and trends through research helps brands maintain relevance. Marketing should shift from product negatives to product positives and solutions that address consumer needs.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
1. The Microbial Solution
Bacteria follows the diet:
How changing your microbiome changes your health
By Peter Leighton
Our body is home to microbes. The intestines alone host over 100 trillion bacteria, constantly
competing with each other in this environment we call the microbiome. In fact the microbes in our
body outnumber human cells 10:1. Like the rainforest, the healthy human microbiome is a
balanced ecosystem. And like an ecosystem, if equilibrium is destroyed, these imbalances affect
every function in its environment, often resulting in a slow downward spiral.
Many of these bacteria are helpful and necessary for key biological functions, while some are
harmful and invasive. Many factors affect this balance of power in the gut, including
environmental and dietary influences. Age, stress levels, exercise, diet and use of medications all
have an impact.
When there is a “good” balance of microflora in the gut, the body is more effective in the
absorption of many nutrients, better able to repress the growth of harmful bacteria that cause
illness, form a protective barrier that keeps harmful bacteria and pathogens from entering the
blood stream, and actually train the immune system to better respond to pathogens.
Furthermore, microbes perform essential functions such as digesting food and synthesizing
nutrients. Studies are also linking the microbiome to human mood and behavior, as well as gut
health, human development, and metabolic disorders. The human microbiome has profound
consequences for our health. It has been correlated with a wide range of health conditions, from
obesity, heart health, and IBD to autism, anxiety, and depression.
Hippocrates famously stated, “Let your food be your medicine, and your medicine be your food”.
His prophetic words provide a guiding light as more and more progressive thinkers are taking
action to reverse the scourge of our modern time – the chronic diseases, allergies and health
conditions resulting from what I call our Malnutrition of Affluence, the devastating health results of
our lifestyle of abundance. But before I can outline an enlightened direction that offers such a
promising paradigm shift to our health and wellness, perhaps a little context is in order.
2. Malnutrition of Affluence
Traditionally, nutritional science has focused its attention on preventing malnutrition and
deficiency diseases through the discovery and application of vitamins, minerals and other
important micro nutrients. But as the western diet, hailed for its abundance of nutrition, migrated
throughout the developed world, nutritional science has had to apply its ever evolving tools
towards a greater problem; over-nutrition. As Paul Roberts, author of The End of Food notes,
”…the ironic prospect that the most serious threat to health would very soon be…food.”
Early humans relied on calories for survival. From foraging to hunting, man’s diet was extremely
diverse and relatively unpredictable. We ate from hundreds of crops and wild animals, offing
exceptional biodiversity in our diet, and our bodies adapted to the inconsistent intake of nutrients
with an amazing ability to maximize its efficiency. Soon man was domesticating animals and
mastering agricultural practices, which resulted in incredible benefits in health and mortality, as
well as facilitating changes in lifestyle. In a relative short time span, man was eating for taste and
satiety as our modern agricultural and food practices were born.
Today, two key factors dramatically affect our health as it relates to our evolutionary process.
First, rapid lifestyle changes have occurred which include diminished physical activity, increased
mental stress, dramatic physical relocations and more cross-cultural interactions. Second, our
diet has radically changed (knowingly or not), as we consume a far less diverse diet, depleted of
many bioactive nutrients and bacterial species. Furthermore, the explosive use of antibiotics, both
for personal use and in the industrial animal farms we rely on, has limited the diversity of bacterial
species and is breeding “superbugs” – bad bacterial strains resitant to antibiotics. Since these
changes have occurred so dramatically and quickly (in relative terms), our evolutionary process of
adaptive response has not been able to keep pace.
Antibiotics: Too much of a good thing
According to the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, each year in the U.S., at least 2
million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics, and at least 23,000
people die each year as a direct result of these infections.
1
Antibiotic-resistance is largely attributed to the routine use of sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics
on factory farms.
2
The factory farm industry says the antibiotics are needed to prevent disease—
partly true, as animals confined indoors in cramped, inhumane conditions, are more susceptible
to disease. But it’s widely known that industry uses the drugs to grow bigger animals, faster.
As food processing and lifestyle changes took root in the 20
th
century, nutrition has played an
increasing role in public health. The concept that disease could be caused by an excessive intake
or imbalance of nutrients, as opposed to a lack of them, has begun to receive much attention only
in the last 20 years. It seems that the more affluent we have become, the less nutritious is our
diet.
Dietary changes and processed foods
Post-industrial agricultural and food processing has removed phytonutrients heretofore thought
“inactive” or useless. These compounds are routinely removed from plants through selective
breeding and modern processing. Furthermore, we used to eat from over 800 plant foods; now
most Americans eat only three, namely French fries (potato), ketchup (tomato) and iceberg
lettuce. Modern practices are also introducing many chemicals to the plants and animals we eat,
in efforts to increase yield and profitability. More and more studies have demonstrated a
relationship between our (Western) diet and chronic diseases.
1
http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/threat-report-2013/
2
http://www.sustainabletable.org/257/antibiotics
3. Diet is a big factor in chronic disease, responsible some say, for a third of most types of cancer.
And our western diet, featuring large amounts of red meat and highly processed foods are often
packed with large quantities of salt, fat, and sweeteners, not to mention hundreds of chemical
additives.
The incidence of acute and chronic diseases is increasing worldwide, linked to the expansion of
the western diet. This development is strongly associated with Western lifestyle, not just lack of
physical exercise, mental stress, use of tobacco and alcohol, but also with consumption of refined
and calorie-condensed foods, of which most create systemic inflammation that “paralyzes” the
innate immune system and reduces resistance to disease.
The journal Atherosclerosis reported that volunteers eating a typical Western diet, consisting of
35% saturated fats, experienced increases in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and
interleukin-6 (IL-6): two cytokines actively involved in the inflammatory response. Chronic
inflammation has been linked to a range of conditions such as heart disease, osteoporosis,
cognitive decline and Alzheimer's, type-2 diabetes, and arthritis.
Researchers from the US’ National Cancer Institute (NCI) report that increased consumption of
red and processed meat may produce an increased risk of death from cancer or heart disease.
This study follows years of research suggesting red and processed meats are linked to a host of
ills. A previous study from the NCI reported high intakes of red and processed meats may raise
the risk of lung and colorectal cancer by up to 20 per cent. The World Cancer Research Fund
published a report in 2007 that directly linked diet to cancer, with alcohol and red and processed
meats posing particular risks.
It’s important to note that our ancestors ate meat, which was naturally lean because the wild
animals fed on grass, one of the few natural sources of omega-3 fatty acids. Hence, their body fat
had a higher proportion of the “good” mono-saturated and polyunsaturated fats, and less of the
“bad” saturated fats.
Today’s grain-fed livestock is specially bred not only to put on lots of fat, but also to partition that
fat inside the muscle so as to produce a well-marbled piece of meat. By raising these animals in
controlled and confined spaces on rations computer-designed to produce rapid weight gain and
marbling, companies can maximize profits. In only about four months we can transform a six-
month-old five hundred pound calf into a 1,350-pound, slaughter-ready steer. By comparison, a
grass fed steer takes two years to reach a slaughter weight of barely 1,100 pounds.
Lest you think red meat is the only culprit, our agricultural processes have been affecting us in
many ways. Today’s scientifically bred produce grows so quickly that it contains measurably
fewer micronutrients. Research done at the University of Texas in Austin concluded that recently
grown crops have shown decreases of up to 38 percent in protein, calcium, vitamin C,
phosphorus, iron and riboflavin when compared with produce from past decades. Of the 13 major
nutrients found in fruits and vegetables, six have declined substantially.
This may be an unintended result of the genetically uniform, mono-cropping systems that now
dominate our agricultural industry. American's are increasingly eating a diet that is devoid in
essential phytonutrients to gain the advantages of convenience, taste and price.
Consumption of a high caloric diet lacking bioactive phytonutrients from fruits, vegetables and
whole grains has resulted in a 70% increase in obesity in Americans, a problem so profound as to
be declared an epidemic and public health issue by the Centers for Disease Control.
The effects of the “western diet” and lifestyle are spreading globally. Almost one third of western
Europeans are overweight and 1 in 10 is obese. Male obesity in Japan has doubled since 1982
and the Japan Ministry of Education is recognizing how serious the problem is. Cardiovascular
4. disease will soon rein as the world’s leading cause of death and disability, overtaking infectious
disease and malnutrition.
With the advent of a highly processed American diet and changes in our eating habits since
World War II, the consumption of essential plant-derived nutrients (phytonutrients) is on the
decline. Despite consumer and physician awareness about the importance of eating a diverse
diet many of the same forces that are contributing to the epidemics of obesity, cardiovascular
disease and diabetes contribute to the poor dietary state of Americans today.
Orphaned Phytonutrients
Modern food processing practices have depleted the diversity and quality of several classes of
phytonutrients from the American diet; bioactive phytonutrients that are now demonstrating
significant health benefit. The fact that these “orphaned phytonutrients” are now depleted from
American’s diet may be responsible (in part) for causing or worsening chronic diseases such as
diabetes, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer’s.
Our post-industrial agricultural and food processing industry has devoted decades of work to
removing certain phytonutrients heretofore thought “inactive” or useless. Most plants produce a
host of phytochemicals to perform varying metabolic functions such as coloring agents (known as
flavonoids) to protect against excessive sunlight and other stresses, and Sulforaphane (an
astringent in broccoli) to discourage the plant from being eaten by animals. These compounds
are routinely removed from plants through selective breeding and modern processing.
Modern science is now discovering tremendous value to these “orphaned phytonutrients”. As
sensitive and specific biotechnology and pharmaceutical R&D tools are being applied to nutrition
science, more and greater data is confirming the health benefits of these compounds, and
epidemiological studies are linking their depletion from the food chain to increases in chronic
diseases. For example, the sulforaphane that has been selectively bred out of commercial
broccoli because of its bitter taste has been found to stimulate enzymes in the body that detoxify
chemical carcinogens. Similarly, while there are hundreds of flavonoids, science has been
uncovering a host of exceptional health benefits they confer, most significantly their
cardiovascular benefit. In fact, it is the anecdotal data offered by the “French Paradox” (the fact
that the French diet is exceptionally high in fat, yet the French have a disproportionately low
incidence of cardiovascular disease) that has led researchers to identify the grape flavonoids
(from wine) as the bioactive phytonutrient responsible for such cardiovascular health benefits.
Evidence is mounting as to the benefits of phytonutrients. Time and again rigorous scientific
studies document that the more fruits, vegetables and whole grains we eat, the less likely we are
to suffer from diseases. In 128 of 156 human studies reviewed in one meta-analysis, there was
found a strong relationship between intake of phytonutrients and cancer prevention.
These bioactive phytonutrients-- compounds in dietary fruits, vegetables and whole grains that
have heretofore no recognized value in the diet but are now demonstrating an ability to combat
and prevent disease-- are no less “valuable” than vitamins.
While it has been well established that insufficient intake of vitamins can result in morbidity and
mortality, it should not be surprising that the same is true for orphaned phytonutrients. It strikes
one as ironic that at the same time Americans began to supplement and fortify their diet with
vitamins, they conversely have depleted whole classes of phytonutrients from the diet.
The latest research into the microbiome is making further shocking revelations. It seems that the
changes in our diet are causing a shift in the diversity of our microbiome; or some suspect it is the
other way around. Since so much of the cells in our body are bacterial, and these bacteria cells
proliferate based upon the foods they prefer, many scientists are speculating that the western diet
is proliferating “bad” bacteria species, which compete against “good” bacteria. For example, with
an abundance of simple carbohydrates and saturated fats, certain bacteria gain an advantage
5. and overpopulate the gut, limiting the growth of more healthy bacteria, and perpetuating the
biological signals to eat more of the same. That’s right, perhaps it is the over abundance of “bad”
bacteria that is signaling your brain to eat more junk food!
Compounding the bacterial revelations that may be driving biological changes in our body is the
over use of antibiotics. As with any ecology, the diverse bacterial colonies in our body are being
disrupted and many species are being eliminated. As with the Orphaned Phytonutrients
discussed earlier, it turns out that these heretofore-unrecognized bacterial species quietly living
among us may have profound effect; their depletion may be our demise.
For instance, it was discovered many years ago that a specific species of bacteria, h. pylori, was
related to gastric ulcers. So a concerted effort to exterminate the h. pylori bacteria was
undertaken and, sure enough, the incidence of ulcers declined. But then a strange thing
happened. There was a concurrent increase in GERD (acid reflux), which has led to an epidemic:
Over sixty percent of adults will have GERD symptoms this year. As it turns out, the h. pylori
bacteria have the positive effect of suppressing stomach acid secretions. Researchers are now
recognizing that the thousands of bacteria strains living in our bodies are there for a reason. At
some point, a single species may be needed to perform a function that no other species can. If
we no longer host this missing species of bacteria, our survival may be threatened.
Diet & Lifestyle
But depletion of the diversity and quality of phytonutrients and bacterial species from the Western
diet is only half the dietary setback. Compounding the problem facing Americans in post-industrial
society is a change in dietary habits and lifestyle that is seriously eroding American’s health.
Teenagers drink almost three times the amount of soft drinks than they did in the 1960’s.
Researchers warn that this trend will leave teenagers at higher risk of heart disease, osteoporosis
and diabetes later in life. Twice as many American children today are eating snack foods than did
kids 20 years ago, according to the US Department of Agriculture, and 91% of Americans don’t
get the recommended minimum five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Sadly, French fries
and potato chips account for 25% of kid’s vegetable intake, only exacerbated by a sedentary
lifestyle. Teenagers are consuming 17% less energy than in the 1960’s but are still gaining
weight, a statement about the poor quality of their diet and lack of exercise. And support for the
theory of bacterial depletion.
Paying the Price
Only now are we beginning to reconcile the effects of our “modern” diet and lifestyle. Today in
America, 60 million people have cardiovascular disease, 16 million suffer the debilitating effects
of type 2 diabetes, 10 million people have cancer and nearly 20% of the population has high
cholesterol. National healthcare expenditures exceed $1 trillion, representing over 14% of GDP, a
larger share of GDP than any other industrialized country.
As the economic forces drive change in the American healthcare system, and advances in
science and technology impart greater insight into the health benefits of bioactive phytonutrients
and a diverse microbiome, there will likely be a paradigm shift from the treatment-oriented “sick
care” system we now have, towards a prevention-based true healthcare system.
As with all revolutionary changes, there is an exponential acceleration of the process whereby at
some undefined point, critical mass is achieved and there is no turning back. Signs of
acceleration abound in the current marketplace. Genomics research has gained significant insight
into disease predisposition and gene expression. Technological advances in assay development
and discovery techniques are rapidly delivering the capability to characterize and assess the
bioactive health benefits of phytonutrients and specific probiotic strains. The popular movement
against GMO has accentuated the interest in and growth of organic and sustainable agricultural
practices, and will likely force broader changes in agricultural and food processing procedures.
And consumer trends illustrate a growing interest in the diet-disease link and better nutritional
habits. For instance, Seventy five percent of Americans surveyed believe food and nutrition play
6. the greatest role in their health. In fact, 54% believe food can treat an ailment and more than 50%
of households are currently using food/beverages to treat or manage specific health issues.
New Tools are offering Solutions
Both scientists and consumers are now recognizing this problem and are moving to take an
active role in maintaining health & wellness through nutrition. For instance, ntegrating the new
tools of biotechnology and nutrigenomics, innovative solutions are being created and applied to a
new generation of “wellness” foods. Consumers want lifestyle solutions, where validated science
and functional benefit meets pleasure and convenience.
Recognizing that many chronic diseases are closely related to diet and lifestyle, scientists are
focusing much study towards how nutrition can optimize and maintain cellular health. This
requires advanced understanding of nutrient interaction and metabolic processes at a cellular
level, specifically the interaction of nutrients and their relationship with proteins and gene
expression. Nutrigenomics is the study of this relationship between gene activity and cell function,
and how food, genes and lifestyle interact in human health.
Nutrients from the diet, in relation to lifestyle events, not only nourish the body but send specific
signals to the cells through transcript factors, which change gene expression (or how genes
behave) and metabolite production. As a result, different nutrients (different diets) affect an
individual’s gene and protein expression differently. In other words, what we eat changes the way
our body acts and reacts. Certain diets, interacting with certain genotypes, can lead towards
chronic diseases (or the prevention of them). This helps explain why two people eating the same
diet may respond very differently.
3
Biotech advances are identifying new compounds and the utility of existing food constituents that
can support health & wellness. Through bioinformatics and genomic research, it is becoming
increasingly possible to identify and predict the impact of diet on genotypes. For instance, a 3-
week nutritional intervention with virgin olive oil may alter the expression of genes related to
atherosclerosis. One of the goals of nutrigenomics is to devise genetic-based nutritional
interventions to prevent, delay or treat diseases. But on a more practical (and user-friendly) basis,
nutrigenomics provides insight into the effects of bioactive compounds and their effect on human
health, which is currently aiding in the development of functional foods.
Functional foods: You are what you eat
Nobel Laureate Elie Metschnikof studied the longevity of Balkan peasants, who ate a diet
consisting of large quantities of fermented milk. In theorizing why they had such robust lifespan,
he suggested that aging was a result of proteolytic microbes producing toxins in the large bowel.
As the body digests proteins, these proteolytic bacteria produce toxic by-products including
phenols, indols and ammonia. As it turns out, the lactic acid in fermented milk inhibits the growth
of the proteolytic bacteria. Metschnikof believed that fermented milk would seed the intestine with
“healthy” bacteria (lactic acid) and thus suppress the growth of “bad” bacteria.
From this early theory of bacterial homeostasis in the gut, the study of probiotics began to take
root. But not until the last 50 years has advanced science truly leveraged these insights into
practice, seeding a prolific industry based around the introduction of “good” bacteria to the gut.
Functional foods, at its basic, are foods that deliver a functional biological benefit beyond “basic
nutrition”. Besides the calories, fats, carbohydrates and protein needed for survival, the foods we
eat provide phytochemicals and bacteria (or prebiotics, the food for bacteria) that are essential to
health and wellness. This supports a better, more diverse ecosystem in the microbiome, which
triggers a host of biological events in our body.
3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1x7MunkjCc
7. Emerging science is opening our eyes to a whole new approach to finding intestinal nirvana, or
homeostasis as others may call it. It’s called Probiotics. The hundred trillion bacteria in the body
of an adult human contain about 4 million distinct bacterial genes, with more than 95% of them
located in the large intestine. This unique ecosystem in the gut is called the microbiome.
If you have an optimal microbiome in your gut, you will lead a healthy and happy life, free from
digestive discomfort and even reduced cravings.
Some of the beneficial effects of probiotics include:
• Since lactic acid bacteria convert lactose into lactic acid, several strains of probiotics
have demonstrated benefit to individuals who are lactose intolerant.
• The presence of probiotics vastly improves digestion and nutrient absorption.
• Lower incidence of colon cancer among higher consumers of probiotics has led to clinical
research in this area. Several studies have found certain probiotic strains exert anti-
carcinogenic effects. Some pre- and probiotics may suppress the activity of certain
enzymes in the colon, possibly reducing the production of toxic and carcinogenic
metabolites, according to a study published in European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
• Probiotics reduce the levels of microorganisms such as E.coli, and salmonella in the gut,
and they restrict pathogens ability to release into the bloodstream. A study published in
The Lancet showed that 59% of subjects did not develop rotoviral diarrhea when a
probiotic was administered before infection. The meta-analysis showed that the risk of
necrotizing enterocolitis, one of the most common gastrointestinal problems in premature
babies, might be cut by 74% with probiotic supplementation. They also observed a 53%
reduction in the risk of mortality.
• Both acute and travelers diarrhea are effectively treated with probiotics, and several
strains have been effective at treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The British Medical
Journal published a study demonstrating a 22% drop in the number of cases of diarrhea
when probiotic drinks were consumed by hospital-bound elderly patients who were
receiving antibiotics.
• Inflammatory bowel disease can be modulated by probiotic consumption, as well as other
inflammatory allergic responses.
• Several probiotic strains have demonstrated improvement in treating irritable bowel
syndrome and colitis, although there are only a handful of probiotic products on the
market claiming to target the condition. IBS affects between 10 and 15 per cent of the
population. Furthermore, a series of probiotic studies on mice have presented positive
results in protecting newborns from intestinal infections and reducing inflammatory bowel
disease. Probiotics may boost the number of bowel movements and relieve constipation,
suggests a pilot study from the Netherlands.
• Clinical studies have demonstrated probiotic’s ability to lower cholesterol, as it seems to
inhibit re-absorption.
• Probiotic milk has shown an ability to reduce blood pressure.
• Probiotics protect against pathogens and help stimulate immune response. They also
have demonstrated an ability to reduce respiratory tract infections and severity and
duration of rotavirus infections. A study published in the British Medical Journal showed
that children who drink probiotic milk have lower incidences of respiratory illnesses than
8. those who do not drink the milk. The study showed a 17% reduction in the occurrences,
as well as a reduction in the number of antibiotic prescriptions.
• Workers who take probiotics daily are less likely to be off work with common illnesses,
such as colds and gastroenteritis, than workers who don't. An exploratory study
published in the open access journal Environmental Health shows that workers who took
a daily dose of probiotic bacteria were 2.5 times less likely to take sick leave than
workers who took a placebo. Supplementation of probiotics can reduce the duration of
the common cold by nearly a quarter, research has suggested. One study published in
Clinical Nutrition compared the effects of probiotic supplements with standard vitamins
and minerals and found that the probiotic bacteria shortened episodes of the common
cold and reduced the severity of symptoms.
• Probiotic bacteria could not only help fight viruses but they may also protect against
autoimmune diseases like diabetes. Results from a clinical trial showed higher numbers
of different types of white blood cells after subjects had consumed probiotics. Increased
white blood cells have been linked to the protection against type 1 diabetes.
• Several studies confirm probiotic benefit in the treatment of urinary tract infections and
bacterial vaginosis.
• Studies have shown some probiotics promote oral health by killing the bacteria that foster
dental carries.
• Probiotics produce short chain fatty acids that are converted into energy.
Microbes and weight management
The bacterial make up of our gut is interacting with us in a ways that drive our biology. As
bacteria eat food (and as indicated, if you change your diet you change which bacteria species
proliferate in the gut, and that in turn changes the foods you crave), they secrete metabolites and
by-products that affect hormones and a host of biological activity including metabolism.
Scientists have used germ-free mice to study how the microbiome can affect weight and obesity.
They showed that a high-fat, high-sugar diet changes the microbiome and that this promotes
obesity
4
. Further investigation illustrates that it’s these microbial changes that encourage
increased consumption of “bad” types of foods. Furthermore, in other studies researchers
introduced the microbiome of normal weight (‘lean”) individuals into the gut of overweight
subjects; the overweight individuals lost weight.
5
It is in our gut where the vagus nerve connects 100 million nerve cells to the base of the brain.
What you consume triggers a host of events in your gut that affects your entire body. Some
bacteria can make us crave fats and sugars, contributing to obesity. Scientists believe these
unique bacteria generate a preference for foods rich in their favorite diet, perhaps leading to
negative consequences for their host.
I have already illustrated the increasing evidence of how our “modern” diet is changing the make
up of our microbiome. Between the processed foods, lack of biodiversity in our diet and lifestyle
changes including the over use of antibiotics, it’s no wonder why we are seeing dramatic
increases in chronic disease, allergies and weight gain, even when calories are reduced.
4
J. S. Flier, J. J. Mekalanos, Gut check: Testing a role for the intestinal microbiome in human obesity.
Sci. Transl. Med. 1, 6ps7 (2009).
5
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CSZJECh6ss
9. “The use of antiobiotics may be eliminating bacteria
that help people regulate appetite and metabolism”
-Wall Street Journal
In fact, the bacteria that colonize in our gut influence our sense of taste, they can produce toxins
to make us feel bad, and they can influence the quality of our mood. Even chronic diseases such
as diabetes are being tracked to changes in the microbiome.
6
The scientific research demonstrating a link between gut microbiome and weight management is
gaining strong momentum, as researchers are confirming the involvement of intestinal bacteria in
obesity.
7
“Obesity problem answers might be in the bugs in our
stomachs”
–ABC World News
It seems that our diet changes the make up of our microbiome and that, in turn, affects the foods
we crave, the way we feel and the way our body absorbs nutrients. It can become a vicious cycle.
Or it can be as simple as changing our microbiome.
Functionally Targeted Probiotics
Companies such as OpenBiome, a research company which emerged out of MIT, are supplying
hospitals around the country with prescreened human stool. These stool samples are used for
fecal transplant, a somewhat invasive but highly successful procedure to treat deadly intestinal
infections such as C. difficile. “C Diff” is unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. The concept is simple:
the patient is missing a bacteria strain that can fight the harmful and resistant strain causing
injury. The prescreened strain from someone else’s stool is introduced to the patient through a
nasal tube or enema.
We are now able to faciliate the same concept in a much more targeted, and certainly less
invasive manner. With advanced gene sequencing we can identify many bacterial strains that
have specific functional benefit. By isolating and cultivating these strains, we can provide them to
consumers who have depleted colonies of these strains, so as to proactively bring them into a
healthier state of balance.
Our so-called modern plagues—obesity, diabetes, asthma—relate to how crucial parts of our gut
microbiomes have been wiped out by the overuse of antibiotics or (in many cases) an
overreliance on C-section births, which appear to deprive newborns of crucial bacteria.
Whether as a maintenance for sufferers of one of dozens of gastrointestinal disorders, or as a
safe approach to weight management, mood enhancement or cholesterol reduction, functionally
targeted probiotics are an emerging solution to better health and wellness.
Because of their inability to survive passage through the stomach, most basic yogurt cultures are
not able to provide significant benefit beyond supporting digestive health and immune function.
This problem of survivability through the harsh digestive process has been one of the biggest
reasons why probiotics took so long to gain favor among the masses. But as research has
advanced, industry now has several robust delivery applications and probiotic strains that are
proving successful not only in surviving digestion, but also surviving the manufacturing process
that would otherwise kill most strains of bacteria. And these advanced probiotics are addressing
another issue that has hampered the advancement of probiotics in the marketplace: shelf
stability.
6
http://www.nutraingredients.com/Suppliers2/Cause-of-diabetes-could-be-changes-in-bad-gut-bacteria
7
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141106132204.htm
10. Peter Leighton is the founder and CEO of Abunda, an integrated
consulting group, delivering management and strategic solutions
to growth-oriented companies. Leighton has been a guiding light
to entrepreneurial enterprises and companies facing a challenge.
In the early 2000’s he orchestrated a 300% increase in stock
valuation while driving over $12M in incremental sales at NTOL.
He is a seasoned steward of innovation and strategic marketing.
Leighton has been a thought leader in the area of functional foods
and he has a powerful blend of executive experience in
biotechnology and nutraceuticals. His ability to identify emerging
opportunities and create solutions has proven profitable for many
of his clients and transformative for the industry.
Peter Leighton
peter@abundasolutions.com
+001 (801) 550-6962
SKYPE: advana_science
www.abundasolutions.com