The female pelvis is ideal for childbearing. Complete knowledge on it helps a obstetrician or midwife to conduct normal labour as well as detect any abnormalities related to abnormal pelvis.
The female pelvis is ideal for childbearing. Complete knowledge on it helps a obstetrician or midwife to conduct normal labour as well as detect any abnormalities related to abnormal pelvis.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. The foetal skull is the most difficult part of the
baby to pass through the mother’s pelvic canal,
due to the hard bony nature of the skull.
Understanding the anatomy of the foetal skull
and its diameter will help you recognise how a
labour is progressing, and whether the baby’s
head is ‘presenting’ correctly as it comes down
the birth canal.
INTRODUCTION
3. This will give you a better understanding of
whether a normal vaginal delivery is likely, or
if the mother needs referral because the
descent of the baby’s head is not making
sufficient progress. The head is the most
difficult part to deliver whether it comes first
or last.
INTRODUCTION
4. • Foetal skull is compressible, and made mainly
of thin pliable tabular (flat) bones forming the
vault.
• The skull bone encases and protects the brain.
DEFINITION
5. VERTEX: It is a quadrangular area bounded
anteriorly by the bregma and coronal suture
behind by the lambda and lambdoidal sutures
and laterally by lines passing through the
parietal eminences.
BROW: It is an area bounded on one side by
the anterior fontanelle and coronal sutures and
on the other side by the root of the nose and
supra-orbital ridges of either side.
PARTS AND REGIONS OF
FOETAL SKULL
7. FACE: It is the area bounded by the root of
the nose and supraorbital ridges and on the
other, by the junction of the floor of the mouth
with neck.
SINCIPUT: It is the area lying in front of the
anterior fontanelle and corresponds to the area
of brow.
OCCIPUT: It is the area limited to the
occipital bone.
PARTS AND REGIONS OF
FOETAL SKULL CONT...
8. TWO FRONTAL BONES: Lies in front of
the skull. At the centre of each in the frontal
eminence. It fuses into single by 8 yrs. of age.
These form the forehead or sinciput.
TWO PARIETAL BONES: Lies on either
side of skull ossification centre of each called
the parietal eminence.
BONES OF FOETAL SKULL
9. ONE OCCIPITAL BONE: Lies at the back of
head & at the centre is occipital protuberance.
Part of it contributes to the base of skull, as it
contains foramen magnum, which protects
the spinal cord as it leaves the skull. It forms
the region of occiput.
In addition to these 5 the upper part of
temporal bone is also flat to form small part of
vault.
BONES OF FOETAL SKULL
11. Flat bones of the vault are united together by
the nonosssified membranes attached to the
margins of the bones. These are called sutures.
These sutures are:
The Saggital Suture
The Coronal Suture
The Lambdoidal Suture
The Frontal Suture
SUTURES
13. It permits gliding movement of one bone over
the other during moulding of the head.
Digital palpations of sagittal suture during
internal examination in labour gives an idea of
the manner of engagement of the head, degree
of internal rotation of the head and degree of
moulding of the head.
IMPORTANCE OF
SUTURES
14. DEFINITION: Wide gap in the suture line is
called fontanelle.
There are two types of main fontanelles present
in foetal skull and these are:
Anterior Fontanelle
Posterior Fontanelle
FONTANELLES
15. ANTERIOR FONTANELLE: Anterior
fontanelle is formed by joining of four sutures
in midplane. The sutures are Anteriorly frontal,
Posteriorly saggital and on either side coronal
suture.
The shape of the bregma is like a Diamond.
Its anterior-posterior and transverse diameters
measures approximately 3cm each.
The floor is made by a membrane and it is
ossified at 18months after birth.
FONTANELLES CONT..
17. IMPORTANCE OFANTERIOR
FONTANELLE:
Its palpation through internal examination
denotes the degree of flexion of the head.
It facilitates moulding of the head.
As it remains membranous long after birth, it
helps in accommodating the marked brain
growth, the brain becoming almost double its
size during first year of life.
FONTANELLES CONT..
18. Palpation of the floor reflects intracranial
status depressed in dehydration, elevated in
raised intracranial tension.
Collection of blood and exchange transfusion,
on rare occasion, can be performed through it
via the superior longitudinal sinus.
Cerebrospinal fluid can be drawn, although
rare, through the lateral angle of the anterior
fontanelle from the lateral ventricle.
FONTANELLES CONT..
19. POSTERIOR FONTANELLE: It is also
known as lambda and is formed by junction of
three line- anteriorly by saggital suture and on
the either side by the lamboidal suture.
Its triangular in shape and measures about
1.2cm X 1.2cm.
The floor is made by a membrane but becomes
bony at term. It is ossified at 6-8 weeks after
birth.
FONTANELLES CONT..
21. Occiput- is the occipital bone/external occipital
protuberance.
Sinciput- is the forehead region of foetal head.
Parietal eminences- are the eminences of
parietal on either side.
Mentum- it is the chin.
Vertical point- it is the center of saggital suture.
Frontal point- is the root of nose.
LANDMARKS OF FOETAL SKULL
22. Sub occiput- is the junction foetal neck and
occiput.
Sub mentum- it is the junction between neck
and chin.
Bi parietal- is the transverse distance between
two parietal eminences.
Bi temporal- is the distance between two
lower end of coronal suture.
LANDMARKS OF FOETAL SKULL
23. There are two types of diameters of foetal skull.
These are:
Anterior-Posterior Diameter
Transverse Diameter
ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR DIAMETER:
Suboccipito-bregmatic: It extends from the nape
of the neck to the centre of the bregma. It
measures 9.5cm.
DIAMETERS OF FOETAL SKULL
24. Suboccipito-frontal: It extends from the nape
of the neck to the centre of the frontral suture.
It measures 10cm.
Occipito-frontal: It extends from the occipital
eminence to the root of the nose and supra
orbital ridges. It measures 11.5cm.
Mento-vertical: It extends from the midpoint
of the chin to the highest point on the saggital
sutre. It measures 14cm.
DIAMETERS OF FOETAL SKULL
25. Submento-vertical: It extends from the
junction of mouth with neck to the highest
point on the saggital suture. It measures
11.5cm
Submento-bregmatic: It extends from the
junction of mouth with neck to centre of
bregma. It measures 9.5cm.
DIAMETERS OF FOETAL SKULL
27. TRANSVERSE DIAMETERS:
Biparietal: It extends between two parietal
eminences. It measures 9.5cm
Super-subparietal: It extends from a point
placed below one parietal eminence to a point
placed above the other parietal eminence of the
opposite. It measures 8.5cm.
DIAMETERS OF FOETAL SKULL
28. Bitemporal: It is the distance between the
antero-inferior ends of the coronal suture. It
measures 8cm.
Bimastoid: It is the distance between the tips
of the mastoid processes. It measures 7cm.
DIAMETERS OF FOETAL SKULL
31. Fraser. M. Diane, Cooper. A. Margaret,” Myles
Textbook for Midwives”, 14th Edition,
Published by Churchill Livingstone Publisher.
Pg. No: 157-160.
Dutta’s C.D, “Textbook of Obstetrics”, 6th
Edition, Published by New central Book
Agency (P) Ltd. Pg. No: 86-89.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
32. Jacob Annamma, “Midwifer casebook A
practical record of Maternal Nursing”, 7th
Edition, Jaypee Brothers medical publishers
(P) Ltd. Pg No: 5-7.
BIBLIOGRAPHY