This presentation describes the nature of femtolasik surgery ....advantages, indications...disadvantages .....and answer the question about the importance of femtolasik versus microkeratome Lasik ....concentrated but beneficial presentation
PRK ..... Is it a good alternative to lasik ????Amr Mounir
This presentation try to answer the recent debatable question about which is better LASIK or PRK , when to choose each of them and how to exclude complications of both procedures.
SMILE', short for 'Small Incision Lenticular Extraction' is no flap, no pain, quick recovery, and fully computer operated by the femtosecond laser. This new technique, is only possible with the Visumax femotsecond laser by Carl Zeiss, and is the least invasive therapy possible these days.
PRK ..... Is it a good alternative to lasik ????Amr Mounir
This presentation try to answer the recent debatable question about which is better LASIK or PRK , when to choose each of them and how to exclude complications of both procedures.
SMILE', short for 'Small Incision Lenticular Extraction' is no flap, no pain, quick recovery, and fully computer operated by the femtosecond laser. This new technique, is only possible with the Visumax femotsecond laser by Carl Zeiss, and is the least invasive therapy possible these days.
Доклад на Пятой научно-практической конференции с международным участием «Основные тенденции в современной офтальмологии», организованной клиникой профессора Эскиной Э.Н. «Сфера», совместно с кафедрой офтальмологии ФГБОУ ДПО ИПК ФМБА России —→ http://www.sfe.ru/information/ophthalmology-news/conference2015.html
ESCRS14 - Femtosecond Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery With or Without Ophthal...CLINICA REMENTERIA
Clínica Rementería | http://www.cirugiaocular.com
ESCRS 2014 Poster: Femtosecond Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery With or Without Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices
Femtosecond lasers are being touted as the next great leap forward in cataract surgery but, as with any radical change to our practices, many questions remain: Does this technology truly improve cataract surgery? Is the refractive accuracy better? Is the safety profile significantly elevated compared to existing technologies? Are there additional complications or issues with using this laser?
This presentation describes indications of intrastromal corneal rings implantation in keratoconus cases and how they are beneficial even in advanced cases.
La chirurgie correctrice au laser peut se faire directement sur la surface oculaire a l'aide du laser excimer. Cette technique n'implique pas la découpe d'un volet et est une excellente alternative pour les patients avec de faibles myopies ou des cornées fines.
Dr. Anthony Roberts is an established Rockville, Maryland ophthalmologist who emphasizes patient-centered LASIK care for serious issues impacting eyesight. One of the procedures Dr. Anthony Roberts has extensive knowledge of is cataract surgery, and he frequently performs laser-assisted cataract surgery.
An advantage of this approach is that it involves the use of femtosecond laser technology, thereby enhancing the precision of steps in the procedure that previously required hand-held surgical tools.
Laser-assisted cataract surgery starts with a surgical plan being created for corneal incision using optical coherence tomography (OCT), which provides a precise 3-D image of the eye. This enables the femtosecond laser to be used in creating an incision that is of a calibrated length, depth, and location across all planes.
The femtosecond laser is also used to precisely remove the thin, clear capsule that surrounds the natural lens of the eye. Only the front portion is removed during the anterior capsulotomy, which leaves the rest of the capsule intact. This is critical, because the remaining capsule is used to keep the artificial lens implant in place.
Finally, the laser is used to soften the cataract at the same time that it breaks it up, which reduces the energy required to remove the cataract. This is important in avoiding issues of heat buildup associated with ultrasonic devices traditionally inserted to break up the cataract, which in rare cases can induce astigmatism.
Femtolasik...Indications and limitationsAmr Mounir
This presentation describes all indications and limitations of femtosecond laser surgery.....you can watch the illustrated video presentation in the following link:
https://youtu.be/vCwu-_hpWxA
Доклад на Пятой научно-практической конференции с международным участием «Основные тенденции в современной офтальмологии», организованной клиникой профессора Эскиной Э.Н. «Сфера», совместно с кафедрой офтальмологии ФГБОУ ДПО ИПК ФМБА России —→ http://www.sfe.ru/information/ophthalmology-news/conference2015.html
ESCRS14 - Femtosecond Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery With or Without Ophthal...CLINICA REMENTERIA
Clínica Rementería | http://www.cirugiaocular.com
ESCRS 2014 Poster: Femtosecond Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery With or Without Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices
Femtosecond lasers are being touted as the next great leap forward in cataract surgery but, as with any radical change to our practices, many questions remain: Does this technology truly improve cataract surgery? Is the refractive accuracy better? Is the safety profile significantly elevated compared to existing technologies? Are there additional complications or issues with using this laser?
This presentation describes indications of intrastromal corneal rings implantation in keratoconus cases and how they are beneficial even in advanced cases.
La chirurgie correctrice au laser peut se faire directement sur la surface oculaire a l'aide du laser excimer. Cette technique n'implique pas la découpe d'un volet et est une excellente alternative pour les patients avec de faibles myopies ou des cornées fines.
Dr. Anthony Roberts is an established Rockville, Maryland ophthalmologist who emphasizes patient-centered LASIK care for serious issues impacting eyesight. One of the procedures Dr. Anthony Roberts has extensive knowledge of is cataract surgery, and he frequently performs laser-assisted cataract surgery.
An advantage of this approach is that it involves the use of femtosecond laser technology, thereby enhancing the precision of steps in the procedure that previously required hand-held surgical tools.
Laser-assisted cataract surgery starts with a surgical plan being created for corneal incision using optical coherence tomography (OCT), which provides a precise 3-D image of the eye. This enables the femtosecond laser to be used in creating an incision that is of a calibrated length, depth, and location across all planes.
The femtosecond laser is also used to precisely remove the thin, clear capsule that surrounds the natural lens of the eye. Only the front portion is removed during the anterior capsulotomy, which leaves the rest of the capsule intact. This is critical, because the remaining capsule is used to keep the artificial lens implant in place.
Finally, the laser is used to soften the cataract at the same time that it breaks it up, which reduces the energy required to remove the cataract. This is important in avoiding issues of heat buildup associated with ultrasonic devices traditionally inserted to break up the cataract, which in rare cases can induce astigmatism.
Femtolasik...Indications and limitationsAmr Mounir
This presentation describes all indications and limitations of femtosecond laser surgery.....you can watch the illustrated video presentation in the following link:
https://youtu.be/vCwu-_hpWxA
Valuable clinical guide for soft tissue diode laser users with pre & post operative pics , useful , fully informative with tips helps my beloved coleagues to enjoy & profession the use of soft tissue dental laser #clinical_dental_laser #dental_laser #soft_tissue_laser
Laser Surgery Facial Mole:By Dr.K.O.Paulose FRCS DLODr. Paulose
Laser Excision of Moles in Face, Head and Neck:By Dr.K.O.Paulose.FRCS DLO, Consultant ENT Surgeon, Jubilee Hospital. Trivandrum.South India.
www.drpaulose.com
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The Pilot® Laser gives veterinarians a versatile tool that provides benefits for patients, owners and clinics. The Pilot's dual modes and variable settings allow finite control over the amount of energy applied making it ideal for the veterinarians' diverse range of patients and daily surgical and therapeutic procedures. An affordable addition to every veterinary practice, the Pilot places the newest in technological innovation in the hands of veterinarians.
Meridian's Merilas 810 shortpulse laser provides glaucoma and retina treatments and offers new laser therapy for advanced and end-stage glaucoma. The laser boasts outstanding usability, and features a rapid start-up time. The detachable touch-screen display features an easy-to-use, intuitive design, ensuring full flexibility for the user.
The Merilas 577nm short pulse is a powerful yellow laser system designed to treat retinal disorders. Meridian’s short pulse technology delivers a tissue-sparing solution that allows the tissue to cool between laser pulses. This minimises or prevents tissue damage, reducing treatment risks. Patient comfort and safety is improved as no tissue damages or scars occur.
This presentation describes all the clinical aspects of keratoconus management
You can watch the illustrated presentation in this link :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pYxwZPGm7e4&list=PLZ_mM13I_TrhWavjTmE9NjW1O5bGxkONO&index=13
This presentation describes all clinical aspects of infectious corneal ulcers
You can watch the illustrated presentation in this link :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=okWDPG3C34g&list=PLZ_mM13I_TrhwqZuGjB6M9Z3n7MntrURd
This presentation describes all clinical aspects of glaucoma medications.....you can watch this presentation in video form at the following link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92xurWP41dA
This presentation describes all clinical aspects of congenital glaucoma....you can watch this presentation in video form at the following link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5YA2CYzb5c
This presentation describes all clinical aspects about primary open angle glaucoma ......
you can watch the illustrated video presentation at the following link : https://youtu.be/eA44Pu4l8Ow
This presentation describes all clinical aspects of primary angle closure glaucoma in a concentrated and simplified manner....you can watch the illustrated presentation at the following link:
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
2. Femtosecond (FS) laser is an infrared laser with a
wavelength of 1053nm.
Works by producing photodisruption or photoionization
of the optically transparent tissue such as the cornea.
FS laser has pulse duration in the femtosecond range
(10-15 second)
3. Femtosecond laser differ significantly from Yag Laser in
the amount of collateral damage they cause. Nd:YAG
laser has a pulse duration in the nanosecond range (10-9
second) where as FS laser has pulse duration in the
femtosecond range (10-15 second).
12. Optimal safety
No flap related complications e.g.: free cap, button
holes, incomplete cuts
- Thinner flap:
Uniform thin flaps with no liability of complications
Thin flaps leads to large stromal bed with less liability
for ectasia
- Precise depth
13.
14. Flap Design
Large flap diameter : in HMT, in custom
ablation
Hinge : superior or nasal if there is cylinder,
hinge size
17. Flap edge :
femtosecond laser can
create a corneal flap that
has edges that enable the
flap to fit more securely
in place, (inverted Side
cut) > 90 degree “
beveled edge”
Better Biomechanics
M2 flap : 40: 70 degree
18.
19. less IOP elevation
Femtosuction elevates IOP to about 18:25 mm.hg
Suction ring in conventional Lasik elevates IOP to about
70: 80 mm.hg
Better in High myopia
20. Flap striae (wrinkles in the flap)
Diffuse lamellar keratitis, DLK (inflammation under the
flap)
Epithelial ingrowth
21. What are the real problems we face in
Femtolasik ???
30. 3- High Myopia :
- Controlled depth 90 um (Precise depth)
- Less effect in the posterior segment
31. When large flap diameter is needed :
in HMT,
in custom ablation
32.
33. - Femtolasik is a relatively new procedure with many
advantages.
- Most important advantages include optimal safety,
with less complications, flap design ability and less
effect in the posterior segment.
- Our most Femtolasik problem is that it is an expensive
technique so we preserve it for indicated cases.